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The Course of Hermann Aron's
MAX-PLANCK-INST I T U T F Ü R W I SSENSCHAFTSGESCH I CHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2009 PREPRINT 370 Shaul Katzir From academic physics to invention and industry: the course of Hermann Aron’s (1845–1913) career Shaul Katzir From academic physics to invention and industry: the course of Hermann Aron’s (1845-1913) career Hermann Aron had an unusual career for a German physicist of the Imperial era. He was an academic lecturer of physics, an inventor, a founder and the manager of a company for electric devices, which employed more than 1,000 employees. Born in 1845 to a modest provincial Jewish family, Aron went through leading schools of the German educational system, received a doctorate in physics and in 1876 the venia legendi - teaching privilege, with which he became a Privatdozent (lecturer) at Berlin university. However, rather than becoming a university professor - the desired goal of this career track - he turned to technology and then industry with the invention of an electricity meter and the foundation of a successful company for its development and manufacture in 1883. By 1897 he owned four sister companies in Berlin, Paris, London, and Vienna-Budapest and manufacturing factories in these cities as well as in Silesia. While in the twentieth century such a career trajectory of a university teacher was not the common case, it was even less so in the late nineteenth century in physics; in many respects it was unique. Aron’s was not the case of a newly qualified doctor hired by industry. -
THE PERPETUAL MINORITY New Leo Baeck Year Book
Volume XXXVII No. I January I98Z INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim OF MmSH RBOGSS W GlUT UOTAIH RECRUITING FRIENDS Werner Rosenstock I should like to remind members of the continuing importance of recruiting more Friends of the AJR. If you have already succeeded in doing so, carry on and bring THE PERPETUAL MINORITY in more! If not, please let me urge you to do your bit in what is promising to be a New Leo Baeck Year Book successful campaign. We are encouraged by the numbers of Friends who have joined, but we should see this as only the beginning. The future of our Association's work depends "Minorities and Minority Trends" is the title the articles make easy reading for the interested on our ability to recruit people from younger under which the essays of the latest Year Booit of layman. Like its predecessors, the 26th Year Book generations, from within our family circles the Leo Baeck. Institute are presented.* Strictly also shows how much material still awaits and also from our wider circles of friends and speaking this common denominator does not only thorough exploration. Thus, the Year Books or, acquaintances. Their joining will help carry on apply to this particular Year Book. It applies to for that matter, the entire work of the LBI, the varied and interesting activities for the all publications on the Jewish problem because, originally regarded by many as a temporary ven Homes and the numerous ageing and isolated by their very nature, the Jews (with the exception ture, will have to carry on for an vmlimited time individual refugees who can be helped and of the inhabitants of the newly founded State of to come. -
Andrzej Przytulski Achievements of Famous
ANDRZEJ PRZYTULSKI OPOLE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, POLAND ACHIEVEMENTS OF FAMOUS NINETEENTH-CENTURY SILESIAN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Key words: Georg Graf von Arco, Walter Reichel, Fritz arts oriented school in Wroclaw in 1889. He was rather a Emde, Karl Ilgner and Emil Naglo mediocre pupil but showed the great ability to do geome- try and physics. Immediately after graduating from the Introduction school, he began to study such subjects as mathematics, th physics, mechanical engineering and electrotechnics at At the beginning of the 80s. of the 19 century, light the Higher Technical School in Berlin Charlottenburg. bulbs, invented and improved by Edison in 1878, ap- However, he attended only lectures in mathematics and peared on the market. At that time they were one of the physics and after the second semester he stopped study- main electric energy receivers. In 1866 Werner von Sie- ing, joined the army and became an officer in the German mens built self-excited electrical dynamos, the first fully- elitist regiment of rifleman guard. operable direct-voltage sources. Thus, the conditions were fulfilled to make use of electric energy on a larger scale. The oldest power network was designed by Edison in New York. Underground three-conductor cables were laid in this city to 1881. At the same time, Edison invented fuses, appropriate meters and improved generators. The first in the world public electric power stationth began to function in Pearl Street, New York on the 4 of September 1881. It had 6 generators driven by steam turbines and they weighed 27 tons and supplied power of 100 kW which at that timest was enough to feed about 1100 light bulbs. -
Scientific Practice for Technology: Hermann Aron's Development of the Storage Battery
Hist. Sci., li (2013) Scientific practice for technology: hermann aron’S development of the Storage battery Shaul Katzir Tel Aviv University In 1880 Hermann Aron, a lecturer in physics at Berlin University, invented a high capacity lead storage battery, i.e. an electrochemical cell that could store and release considerably higher amounts of electric energy than earlier accumulators. At the time, the storage rechargeable battery promised to play an important role within the rapidly developing system of electric power, which attracted more attention than any other contemporary technology. Consequently, research on the storage battery flourished. Indeed, Aron was not the only inventor of a high-capacity lead battery; at least three other individuals developed similar ideas independently. Simultaneous inventions, like this one, are familiar in the history of technology. The telephone, the electric incandescent light, and the roll film camera are just a few contemporary examples that come to mind.1 Cases of simultaneous inventions are perhaps even more common than those of simultaneous discoveries. Of course, only rarely do two individuals separately invent or discover exactly the same thing. Yet often the ideas and the artefacts are close enough to be regarded equivalent by contemporaries and/or by later commentators. Historians of science found such cases of independent (or partly independent) discoveries particularly illuminating. In his classical analysis of the simultaneous discovery of energy conservation, Thomas S. Kuhn employed the -
The Transfiguration of the Hero: a Memory Politics of the Everyday in Berlin and Budapest
THE TRANSFIGURATION OF THE HERO: A MEMORY POLITICS OF THE EVERYDAY IN BERLIN AND BUDAPEST by Júlia Székely Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Judit Bodnár CEU eTD Collection Jean-Louis Fabiani Budapest, Hungary 2016 STATEMENT I hereby state that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. The thesis contains no materials previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgement is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Budapest, February 29, 2016. CEU eTD Collection i | P a g e ABSTRACT Although after the period of the Second World War the death of the hero was loudly announced (Münkler 2006), in recent years, the academic interest in heroes has been reemerging. Authors not only established a critical understanding of the hero who came to be defined as an end-product of a careful construction (e.g., Todorova 1999, Giesen 2004a), but ―new heroes‖ also made their mass appearance (Jones 2010). Yet, in contrast to the majority of these analyses that either concentrate on one particular hero (e.g, Verdery 1999) or on one specific period (e.g., Lundt 2010), I discuss the conceptual and aesthetic transformation of the hero. Focusing on the genre of public works of art in Berlin and Budapest from 1945 up to the present time, I study various processes of the transfiguration of the hero. Besides the linguistic and cultural connections between Berlin and Budapest beginning from the 19th century, I assumed that the two cities can represent many of the dual arguments of memory studies. -
Katzir Patenting to Industry
Technological Entrepreneurship from Patenting to Commercializing: A Survey of Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Physics Lecturers This is a prepublished version of the article that appeared in History and Technology 33 (2017): 109-125 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2017.1341192) . Notice the different pagination and that there are some changes between this and the published version. Shaul Katzir The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas, Tel Aviv University [email protected] Abstract Only a few late nineteenth and early twentieth century academic physicists sought to develop, produce and market technical inventions. This paper examines a few pre-World War I scientists from the German speaking world who committed to ‘full Blown entrepreneurship’ and compares them to others who invented and patented But did not pursue a Business enterprise. It shows that the turn to entrepreneurship required a comBination of intellectual, technical, social and individual factors. Connections Between their scientific research and teaching and new technological fields related to science opened possiBilities and allowed scientists to exploit their laBoratory and theoretical expertise to develop devices and methods. The marketaBility of these inventions was a central factor in moving them to industrial career. This turn resulted from pushes within the academia and pulls towards industry: low professional prospects and financial difficulties in the university and/or attractive offers By industrialists. Key words Science-technology relationships; invention; Leo Arons; Carl Auer von WelsBach; Ferdinand Braun, Ernst AbBe; Hermann Aron Introduction Ernst AbBe was a partner at the famous optical manufacture ‘Carl Zeiss’ of Jena and an extraordinary professor of physics. -
The Exhibition As Product and Generator of Scholarship
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2010 PREPRINT 399 Susanne Lehmann-Brauns, Christian Sichau, Helmuth Trischler (eds.) The Exhibition as Product and Generator of Scholarship Contents The Exhibition as Product and Generator of Scholarship – An Introduction Susanne Lehmann-Brauns, Christian Sichau, Helmuth Trischler .......................................................3 Making Visible. Visualization in the Sciences – and in Exhibitions? Hans-Jörg Rheinberger .............................................................................................................................9 Exhibitions vs. Publications – On Scientific Achievements and their Evaluation Jochen Brüning ........................................................................................................................................25 Power, Belief and Trust – A Context for Scholarly Priorities in the History of Science Robert Bud ..............................................................................................................................................29 Thinking Through Objects Martha Fleming ......................................................................................................................................33 Exhibition Making as Knowledge Production, or: Struggling with Artefacts, Visuals and Topographies Walter Hauser .........................................................................................................................................49 The