THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 2, NO. 1 WINTER ISSUE 1976

MONTANA'S LEWIS & CLARK MEMORIAL TO BE BICENTENNIAL EVENT

SCRIVER'S SCULPTURE TO BE DEDICATED JUNE 13th AT FT. BENTON

Lewis and Clark and Bicentennial en­ The exploring party delayed nine days projects for this community of 2000. thusiasts in Montana and throughout (June 3-11, 1805) while determining The $300,000 Lewis and Clark Memo­ the nation are eagerly anticipating which of the waterways was the first commissioned in 1929 by the the unveiling and dedication ceremo­ proper course for _ continuing their rial, Montana Legislature, became the ny of the Lewis and Clark Memorial journey westward. By June 13, 1805, focal point of the community which at Fort Benton, Montana, on June 13, they had ascended the true Missouri was anxious to fulfill a long-overdue 1976. The completed memorial will in­ to the site of p1;esent Fort Benton, dream. To turn this dream into a real­ clude the bronze sculptures of Cap­ Montana, and the location of the new ity, the project was begun in 1972 with tains Lewis and Clark together with which Lewis and Clark Memorial, the selection of a committee to work the Indian woman Sacagawea and her will be dedicated exactly 171 years on the promotion and sale of limited infant son Jean Baptiste. The figures later as Montana's major Bicenten­ editions of one-fourth and one-sixth stand twelve feet tall and will be in­ nial event. size bronze replicas of the final heroic stalled on a granite stone base which Fort Benton was founded as a fur size Lewis and Clark Memorial. In will provide an additional elevation of trading post in 1847. Today's citizens 1975, this committee was named by four feet, and this will be atop the of the area, at first, proposed erecting Montana's Governor Judge to func­ Fort Benton-Missouri River levee. 2 The design depicts the expedition's only a Lewis and Clark Memorial as tion as a State Commission. The their Bicentennial tribute. However, choice of a sculptor for the memorial leaders involved with the important few town planners anticipated the was Bob Scriver, a native of Brown­ and critical decision at the confluence overwhelming enthusiasm that would ing, Montana, because of his promi­ of the Marias and Missouri Rivers. 1 generate more than $400,000 in funds nence in the world of sculpture. Work (Footnotes appear on p . 3) for financing the over 20 Bicentennial (Continued Page 3) President Werner's Message During this time of the year in 1806, the Captains and personnel impa­ tiently awaited spring, departure from Fort Clatsop, near the Pacific Ocean, and the return journey to St. Louis, and home. A feeling of restlessness THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL pervades the journals. Having en­ dured extreme hardship, danger, HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. sickness and fatigue on the outward journey, nevertheless, they wanted Incorporated 1969 under Missouri Not-For-Profit Corporation Act. only to again face the hardships of the OFFICERS return journey. Wilbur P. Werner. President Clarence H. Decker. 1st Vice President Box 1244 Box 128 In between their ever present search Cut Bank, Mt. 59427 East Alton, II. 62024 for food, making garments and foot­ Gail Stensland, 2nd Vice President Irving W . Anderson, Secretary Box 734 1097 Chandler Rd. wear, and trading their almost non­ Inverness. Mt. 59530 Lake Oswego, Or. 97034 existent stock of trade-goods, how Clarence H. Decker, Treasurer they must have yearned for, talked Box 128 East Alton, 11. 62024 about and planned the return - up DIRECTORS the Columbia and its tributaries, the Wm. Clark Adreon V. Strode Hinds, D.D.S. E. E. MacGllvra recovery of their horses, the snow of St. Louis, Missouri Sioux City, Iowa Butte, Montana the mountain passes, the division of Dayton W . Canaday Donald Jackson, Sheila Robinson the party at "Traveler's Rest'', the Pierre, S. Dakota Charlottesville, Va . Coleharbor, N. Dakota E. G. Chuinard, M .D. Robert Killen George H. Tweney uncovering of their caches and ca­ Portland, Oregon Lincoln, Nebraska Seattle, Washington noes, the unexplored portions of the Clarence H. Decker Gary Leppart Marcus J . Ware East Alton, .Illinois Bismarck, N. Dakota Lewiston, Idaho Yellowstone and Marias, and with what anticipation - the abundant PAST PRESIDENTS food and sunshine of the prairie Edwynne P. Murphy, 1970 John Greensllt, 1972 Robert E. Lange, 1973-1 974 St. Louis, Missouri Lansing, Michigan Portland, Oregon country! E. G. Chuinard, M.D., 1971 Lynn Burris, Jr., 1972-1973 Gary Leppert, 1974-1975 Portland, Oregon Topeka, Kansas Bismarck, North Dakota So too, it is that time of the year for members of the Foundation to antici­ (Mailing addresses for Directors and Past Presidents may be obtained by writing the Secretary) pate and plan for this year. There is ABOUT THE FOUNDATION a parallel. The purpose of the Lewie and Clark T,..il Heritage Foundation, Inc., is to stimulate nationally: public interest in matters relating to the Lewis •nd Clark Expedition; the contributions to American history made by the Their goals were basically set out as expedition members: and event• of time and place concerning and following the expedition which are of historical import to our nation. The Foundation recognize• the value of tourist-oriented programs. and supports above. activities which enhance the enjoyment and underetanding of the Lewis and Clark atory. The scope of the activities of the Foundation are broad and diverse, and include Involvement in pursuits which, in the judgement Our Goals? To keep the Foundation of the Directors are. of hletorical worth or contemp0rary social values, and commensurate with the heritage of Lewis and Clark. The activities of the National Foundation are intended to compliment and supplement vibrant, healthy and growing. those of state and local Lewia and Clark interest groups. The foundation may appropriately recognize and honor Individuals or groups for: art works of distinction; achievement in the broad field of Lewis and Clark hi&torical research; writing; or deeds which promote the general purpose and scope of activities of the How? MEMBERSHIPS. The Secre­ Foundation. Membership in the organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and Clark enthusiasts tary reports a steady renewal rate, including Federal, State. and local government officials, historians, scholars, and others of w}de ranging Lewis and Clark interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected from the membership. The Annual Meeting of but the growth tempo must be in­ the Foundation is traditionally held during August. the birth month of both Meriwether Lewis and William creased. Clark. The meeting place is rotated among the States, and tours generally are arranged to visit sites in the area of the Annual M eeting which have historic association with the Lewis and Clark Expedition. You will remember, the goal was for WE PROCEEDED ON each of us to get five new members. is the official quarterly publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. EDITOR BUSINESS MANAGER Happily, some have enrolled more, Robert E. Lange E.G. C·huinard, M .D. others less, and sad to say, some none 5054 SW 26th Place 3025 North Vancouver Ave. a,t all. Portland, Oregon 97201 Portland. Oregon 97227 Plans are going ahead for a memora­ ble Annual Meeting on August 16th,

THE FOUNDATION NEEDS THE CONTINUED INTEREST AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEWIS AND CLARK ENTHUSIASTS ON A NATION-WIDE BASIS. WE HOPE, IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY A MEMBER, THAT YOU WILL CONSIDER LENDING YOUR SUPPORT TO THE FOUNDATION. IF YOU REQUIRE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, A PROSPECTUS DESCRIBING THE FOUNDATION, TOGETHER WITH A MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION, WILL BE FORWARDED PROMPTLY. ADDRESS YOUR REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY.

EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIJ., HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. HERITAGE INN AUGUST 16-18, 1976 GREAT FALLS, MONTANA

-2- 17th, and 18th at Great Falls, Mon­ Starting a career as a musician (cor­ Harper, N.Y., 1893 (paper-back reprint edition: tana. I hope that you can be there. net), at age thirty-seven he discovered Dover Publications, N.Y., 1965,) Vol. 1, pp. 343- But how about those friends you trav­ that he would rather be a taxidermist . 352; Vol. 2, pp. 353-361. el with and share common experi­ Since the basics of this art involves In Wheeler: The Trail of Lewis and Clark - ences? Are they members? Would it sculptoring, it is natural that he 1804-1904, G. P. Putnam's Sons, N.Y., 1904 Sec­ not also be a thrill for them to see, turned eventually to this field. ond (reprint) edition 1926, Vol. 1, pp. 292-301. in almost virgin state, many of the In Allen: Passage Through the Garden: Lewis scenes described in the journals? If For the Lewis and Clark Memorial, and Clark and the Image of the American North­ you do not ask your friends to join extensive reseru·ch was made into the west, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1975, now, they may never again have that famous expedition. Students and pp. 268-278. Dr. Allen, who will be the Annual scholars were interrogated concerning Banquet speaker at the Eighth Annual Meeting privilege. You are not asking a favor of the Foundation in Great Falls, Montana, has of them, you are doing them a favor! facial characteristics of the subjects, also contributed an excellent article titled: stature, clothing, weapons, seasonal "Lewis and Clark on the Upper Missouri: Deci­ Wilbur P. Werner, President factors, etc. to make the statue as au­ sion at the Marias", in Montana·the Magazine thentic as possible. Preliminary 18- ·of-Western History, Vol XXI, No. 3, Summer Memorial (Can't from p. 1) inch clay models provided a means of 1971. was started in 1973, casting of the suggesting alternate designs and 2. Members appointed to the commission heroic size statue was begun in mid- grouping of the figures (at one time are: Steve Kohler, John G. Lepley, Joel F. 1975, and preparation and planning Captain Lewis's dog "Scannon" was Overholser, Joan L. Scriver, Phil Scriver, for landscaping the site, in September included in the group). Gail Stensland, and Jon West. 1975. What follows is a reduced size repro­ 3. Restoration projects are not new to this The sale of the miniature bronze rep­ duction of the official invitation to the community. Prior to the Bicentennial, res­ dedication of the memorial: torations involved the 1883 Murphy Neel licas of the memorial will produce a Building, and the Davidson-Moffat Facto­ funding in the amount of $400,000. ry, which have been converted into a res­ The Commission members have been taurant and newspaper plant, respectively. pleased and delighted by the success THIS IS YOUR INVITATION TO THE DEDICATION OF THE To these will be added the restoration of of the project to date. Fort Benton Bi­ the I. G. Baker Home, a joint endeavor centennial planners scaled up the ·······················~Lewis and Clark Memorial funded by Bicentennial funds, the National town's program to include other capi­ MMBMMMRHHMf Park Service, and the Community Improve­ tal improvements - construction of with Sculpture by Bob Scriver. Browning. Montana ment Association of Fort Benton. The As­ city park structures, a boat dock, a sociation is a coalition of 15 civic organiza­ picnic area and flower boxes - and a Sunday , June 13, 1976 tions or groups who pool funding and grants 3 for civic endeavors which qualify for match­ series of landmark restorations in the Fort Benton, Montana ing financing from public agencies, Bicen­ area. Fort Benton citizens may be tennial funds, or other benefactors. justly proud of all their accomplish­ Dedication Festivities Friday, lune 11 through Sunday, lune 13 ments which are to be a part of Mon­ Another project underwritten by the Com­ tana's Bicentennial celebration. munity Improvement Association of Fort ································~ Benton was the restoration of the St. Paul's : THE CELEBRATION WILLINCLUDE ! Montanan Bob Scriver is nationally • • Episcopal Church in the community. This and internationally known for his • • was accomplished with valuable assistance : Bands Fiddler's Contest : from the National Park Service working rendering of western art. Listed in • Parade Model T Race " Who's Who in the West, and in the : Antique Cars Threshing Bee ! with the Montana Fish and Game Depart­ • Beard Growing Contest Sl

-3- Book Review elected to the rank by the men of the Mrs. Berthold was born in South­ Party, this constituting in effect, the western Montana's Big Hole Basin George H. Tweney first general election to be held in the country, and has spent part of her life new United States Territory west of in Butte, and other Montana areas. the Mississippi River. There is a Since 1965, she has lived in Montana Mr. Tweney resides in Seattle, WA, and is full time, and devotes all her time to a well known book dealer specializing in marker commemorating this election rare and scholarly books, with a special em­ today at Vermillion, South Dakota. writing. She is the author of three phasis on Western Americana. He is a other books prior to this one - one Many interesting details about other novel and two history books. Director of the Foundation, and Chairman members of the Party follow in quick of the Washington Lewis and Clark Trail In spite of being produced by a Press Committee. succession. Colter, Drouillard, Cru­ zatte, Charbonneau (dismissed briefly that this reviewer had never heard of as a man "of no peculiar merit"), prior to this time (although it is adja­ Including Two Captains/A Later York, and several others are all men­ cent to the University of Detroit Look Westward, By Mary Paddock tioned, interspersed with brief quota­ campus wh ere I did my under­ Berthold. Harlo Press, 16721 Hamil­ tions from the two Captains' Journals graduate studies almost forty years ton Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48203; as appropriate. ago), the book is nicely printed and or available from the author at 524 bound, and has an attractive dust W. Silver Street, Butte, Montana Much is made of Sacagawea and her wrapper. There are more than a few 59701. Copyright 1975, 182 pages, son, Baptiste, and almost an entire typographical errors, possibly indicat­ $6.00. chapter is devoted to presenting both ing sloppy proof reading, and the only sides of the riddle as to where she real­ illustration is the frontispiece - a pic­ This new little book on various ly died, and where she is buried. It ture of Jack Hausmann sitting in aspects of the Lewis and Clark Expe­ seems evident that Mrs. Berthold has front of his cabin! Why not something dition is not what one would call a not become aware of the work done relating to the Lewis and Clark Expe­ "source" book. But, it is an interest­ in this area by our own Foundation dition, in such a prominent place as ing book in many respects, and one Secretary, Irving W. Anderson, nor is the frontispiece? And there could that most Lewis and Clark scholars it evident that she has accepted the have been a few more illustrations and collectors will want to have on fact that Baptiste's grave has been scattered throughout the text to add their shelves. found near Danner, Malheur County, reader interest! Oregon, and is now plainly marked for The first chapter (called "Part One") all time to come. [See WPO, Vol. 1, But, all in all this is a good little book, starts out interestingly enough with No. 3, p. 11.] She does mention this and one you will read easily and with a discussion of the pros and cons of fact, but apparently gives it little cre­ pleasure! whether Lewis was murdered or com­ dence. It is too bad that we must con­ mitted suicide at Grinder's Station on tinue to promote the legend that both the Natchez Trace that fall evening Sacagawea and her son are buried on in September, 1809. She presents the Wind River Reservation in Annual Meeting Plans much of the available evidence - Wyoming, when so much solid re­ Announced by Montanans scanty though it is - and finally tends search of relatively recent date has es­ to lean in favor of the murder theory. tablished these other facts. Information and a registration form Whether this will ever likely be defi­ for the foundation's eighth Annual nitely proven or not, is a pretty slim John Colter is accorded a short Meeting will be in t he mail to hope, but all things considered, this chapter to himself, and of course, the members prior to April 15th. Registra­ reviewer tends to believe that Lewis gory story of Colter's run from the tion fees for the three day meeting was not the type of individual who Blackfeet at the Three Forks of the have been set and involve an alter­ would take his own life. There seems Missouri is told in all its details. But nate registration as follows: to be enough circumstantial evidence Colter was one of the more interesting 1. Registration including the one to more or less indicate that he was men of the Party, and had a most ad­ day Missouri River boat trip, visit to murdered - likely for the money and venturous life afterwards, to say Fort Benton, all luncheons and eve­ other valuables that he was known to nothing of his discovery of the present ning meals has been set at $85.00*. have with him at the time. "Part Yellowstone Park country. So, per­ 2. Registration for all luncheons, Two" deals with a number of well­ haps it is fitting that Colter be accord­ evening meals, and the tour of Fort known Montana landmarks, with ed this much text in comparison to Benton's many historic sites has been Mrs. Berthold naturally emphasizing several other members of the Party. set at $65.00*. This alternate has been those that are most familiar to her One thing this reviewer finds really arranged for those who plan, on their through her early years in the state. strange in a book of this kind is the own, for an extended overnight Mis­ "Part Three" tells of some of the ex­ fact that the author devotes a full souri River boat trip, either before or periences of Governor Lewis and Gen­ chapter at the end to Marcus Daly, after the Annual Meeting. eral Clark in the years after the Expe­ the Copper King of Anaconda, and Attendees will make their own hous­ dition concluded. There is much of the last brief chapter in the book to ing arrangements (details in the April interest about the two Captains in one Jack Hausmann, a Montana trap­ mailing) at a choice of Great Falls these first three parts of the book. per and mountain man of the early motels, or at the Heritage Inn, the By the time the reader reaches page twentieth century. Neither of these Annual Meeting Headquarters. 79, the author is down to the point two individuals had even the remotest Members or guests requiring informa­ of discussing the other members of the connection with the Lewis and Clark tion concerning the Annual Meeting Expedition, and some of the aspects Expedition, and it hardly seems prior to receiving the April mailing of the journey itself. She lists all the worthwhile to include them in a book should address their inquiry to the members of the permanent party, but dealing largely with the Expedition. Reservation Chairman, Mr. Jack Le­ errs slightly in stating that Patrick But then, being a native Montanan, pley, Box 535, Fort Benton, MT 59442. Gass was "appointed" a Sergeant on I guess the author has the prerogra­ *$80.00 and $60.00 respectively for Ad­ August 26, 1804, after the death of tive of writing about such Montana vance Registrations received before Sergeant Floyd. In truth, Gass was pioneers as she sees fit! August 1st.

-4- "Foundation Personality"

Washington State's "Cliff'' Imsland's L. & C. Lectures in Demand

The statement that Clifford D. Ims­ Imsland's sister, Mrs. Mary Phillips, land, Foundation member and he attended the Seventh Annual member of the Washington State Meeting of the Foundation in Bis­ Lewis and Clark Trnil Committee, is marck, North Dakota. In October, he one of the busier lecturers specializing also attended the Third Annual Ore­ in the story of the Lewis and Clark gon-Washington Lewis and Clark Expedition, is putting it very mildly. Symposium at The Dalles, Oregon In May 1974, Cliff retired after 32 (this Symposium is an annual event years with the Motor Transportation sponsored by the Washington State Department of Seattle. .Active as a Lewis and Clark Committee and the speaker before his retirement, he is Oregon State Lewis and Clark Com­ now in even greater demand by mittee). Cliff is presently preparing a schools, service clubs, churches, and major lecture titled: "A Glimpse at fraternal organizations. Over the the Natural History of the Lewis & years he has developed a life-long in­ Clark Expedition", which will be one terest in nature study, has pursued of three lectures at the forthcoming additional background in nature sub­ Spring Lecture Meeting of the Wash­ jects at the University of Washington ington State Historical Society at the and at other educational institutions Society's Museum Building in Taco­ in the Seattle area. University courses ma, Washington, on March 5, 1976. in photography have made him an eluded visits to Lebanon, Jordan, Imsland is serving a 1975-1976 term as outstanding camera expert, and this Isreal, Greece, Switzerland, Italy, President of the 3000 member Seattle . has enhanced his lecture programs France, and England. Audubon Society. His affiliations re­ with pertinent and _bea1.1tifully de­ Attendees at the Sixth Annual Meet­ lated to the Lewis and Clark Expedi­ scriptive color slides. He has been par­ ing of the Foundation at Seaside, Ore­ tion, in addition to his participation ticularly interested in Wes tern gon, in 1974, will recall the many field as an active member of the Washing­ Americana and related subjects, espe­ trips in Oregon and Washington, on ton Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, cially the Lewis and Clark Expedition include membership in our national and its relation to the winning and both sides of the Columbia River es­ Foundation, and the Oregon Lewis development of our country's west and tuary, and especially the excellent in­ and Clark Heritage Foundation. He is Pacific Northwest. Over the years, like terpretive talk presented by Mr. Ims­ land at the site of the Lewis and Clark a member of the Washington State all enthusiasts, he has become a col­ Historical Society, the Oregon Histor­ lector of rocks and geologic specimens, Expedition's campsite at Chinook ical Society, Washington State Ar­ including minerals, fossils, and ar­ Point on the Washington shore of the river. chaeological Society, the National chae ol o gica l items. Zoological Geographic Society, Boy Scouts of specimens, and many artifacts and In 1964, with Mrs. (Martha) Imsland, America, National Wildlife Federa­ memorbelia relating to history are in he traveled the trail of the explorers tion, Save the Redwoods League, the his collections. from Wood River, Illinois to the Pa­ Seattle Science Center, and the Imsland has prepared slide lectures cific Ocean. Each year they have tried Woodland Park Methodist Church in to add a little more knowledge con­ covering a diversified list of subjects, Seattle. cerning the explorers and the route many of which have come as a result they followed across the western of extensive traveling in this country United States. Each travel excursion and around the world. In addition to provides the opportunity to expand his lecture titled: "Following the Trail of Lewis and Clark", we enumerate the color slide collection that docu­ his other lecture titles: ments the expedition. One summer they visited Lewis's gravesite on the "Geological History of Washington Natchez Trace in Tennessee, and State"; "Geology and Related Sub­ Clark's monument and resting place jects'', "Prehistoric Animals and Fos­ in the Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. sils"; "Selected National Parks and Louis. Monuments"; "Float Trip Down Editor's Note: Idaho's Salmon and Snake Rivers"; During 1915, Cliff presented six lec­ "Natural History Expedition to Baja tures (to approximately 640 students We would like to include in each issue of WPO, news items detailing current California, Mexico"; "Paul Bunyan and 140 adults) about the Lewis and or forthcoming activities related to Country, Minnesota and Upper Mis­ Clark saga. Four of these were in Seattle and Walla Walla elementary the Lewis and Clark Expedition in sissippi River"; "Adventures in New schools, and one at the Walla Walla each of the eleven trail states, or for Zealand and Australia"; "Alaska - The Russian Colony"; "Scandinavian Community College. His most recent that matter, any activity anywhere presentation was at a large condomin­ that would be of interest to members' Journey - The Land of the Vikings"; ium recreational activity in Seattle. and readers. To accomplish this, we "Hawaii - A Beautiful Adventure"; and "Color Sliding Through the Holy He attended five meetings of the must rely on our Directors, their des­ Washington State Lewis and Clark Land and Europe". ignated reporters, and other Lewis Trail Committee, all of these in and Clark enthusiasts, to provide us In April 1975, Cliff spent 22 days in various parts of Washington State. In with this information. We would be Europe and the Holy Land, which in- August, with Mrs. Imsland and Mrs. pleased to hear from you. -5- R. Darwin Burroughs is a native of the State of Iowa, but spent most of his early life on a central Nebraska farm. He received his college training at Nebraska Wesleyan University where he graduated with a A.B. degree in 1924. He received his master's degree (M.A.) from Princeton University in 1925. His major interest and graduate training during these years was in the field of Biology. After graduation from Princeton he entered the field of college teaching which he followed until 1937. His college teaching experience included two years as assistant professor of biology at Willamette University, Salem, Oregon; two years as assistant professor of biology at Oklahoma City University; and seven years as assistant and associate professor of biology at Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota. In.1937, he joined the staff of the Game Division of the Michigan Department of Conservation and held a number of administrative positions in this Division of the Department until February 1949. At that time, he transferred to the Education Division of the Department of Conservation to assume responsibility for the teacher training and school education phases of the Department's program. Now retired, he resides in Fayetteville, New York. His interest in the Lewis and Clark Expedition dates from 1947, when he had occasion to investigate the original diaries of the Expedition in connection with certain biological data of a distinctly historical significance. Students and enthusiasts of the Lewis and Clark Expedition know him best as the author of the first book to deal exclusively with the natural history of the exploring enterprise. His 329 page volume The Natural History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was published by Michigan State University Press in 1961. In 1966, his monograph titled: "The Lewis and Clark Expedition's Botanical Discoveries" appeared in the January issue of Natural History magazine. "Dar" numbers many scholars and students of the "Voyage of Discovery" among his friends, as well as fellow members of the Foundation who have enjoyed his friendship and association at the Helena (1972), Seaside (1974), and Bismarck (1975) Annual Foundation meetings. In 1974, at Seaside, Oregon, the Foundation honored him with the presentation of its Award of Meritorious Achievement. The editor joins with members and readers in expressing appreciation to "Dar" Burroughs for thi,s latest contribution prepared especially for We Proceeded On.

Lewis and Clark in Bu:ffalo1 Country By Raymond Darwin Burroughs

I with Several of the men went out in pursute of Buffa/ow ... I assended to the high Country and from an eminance I had a view of the plains for a great distance. from this eminance I had a view of a greater number of buffalow than I had ever seen before at one time. I must have seen near 20,000 of those animals feeding on this plain." Capthln William Clark, August 29, 1806.

The journals of the Lewis and Clark ditions. The "Index" to the Thwaites the hunters, charged with the respon­ Expedition provide a detailed account edition2 of the journals shows nearly sibility of providing food for the enter­ of the seasonal abundance and distri­ 900 references to the buffalo! prise, reported sighting the first buffa­ bution of the American bison in the lo. The Expedition on this date had Missouri Valley under primative con- The unabridged journals (Thwaites); just passed the mouth of the Kansas the 1814 Biddle/ Allen narrative, and River, which enters the Missouri at 1. Despite most reference sources specifi­ the 1893 Coues Edition: 3 as well as the present location of Kansas City, cally stating that the common term "buffa­ Sergeant Ordway's journal• allude to lo" is really a misnomer, and would recom­ June 28, 1804, as being the date that Missouri, and Kansas City, Kansas. mend the use of the nomenclature "bison", Better than two months were to pass, the author in this dissertation retains the 2. OriginalJournals of the Lewis and Clark expedition's journalists' connotation "buf­ Expedition, Reuben G. Thwaites (Editor), however, before the first buffalo falo", and we quote the following from Eli­ Dodd Mead & Co., N.Y., 1904, Seven Vol­ would be killed. On August 23rd, when jah Criswell's: Lewis and Clark; Lingquis· umes and Atlas. Reprint editions: Anti­ the party was in the vicinity of tic Pioneers, a University of Missouri quarian Press, N.Y., 1959; Arno Press, N.Y., today's Vermillion and "Yankton, Study; A Quarterly of Research; Vol. XV, 1969. South Dakota, Clark's journal reads: No. 2, April 1940, p. clviii: 3. History of the Expedition under the Com· mand of Lewis and Clark ..., Prepared for "J. Fields Sent out to hunt Came "Take the buffalo as an example. The the Press by Paul Allen, Esquire, Two Vol­ to the Boat and informed that he American 'Buffalo' is not the same species umes, Bradford & Inskeep, Philadelphia, had Killed a Buffalow in the plain as the Old-World buffalo, and scientists 1814. (Nicholas Biddle was responsible for a head. Cap. Lewis took 12 men and have acted accordingly by applying the the editing of the journals and the develop­ had the buffalow brought to the term bison to it, but the ordinary user of ment of the narrative contained in the two boat in the next bend ..." language, actuated by the kind of reasoning volume edition.) There have been many re­ which led Clark to apply argali or ibiex to print editions of this important work. Page There is some confusion here, since the Rocky Mountain sheep, has gone ahead numbering varies. The 1893, Coues Edition, Sergeant Gass, in his journal, credits merrily using the term buffaw for our same title with variations, Elliot Coues Captain Clark with the first buffalo American bison, an entirely different ani­ (Editor) Three Volumes and Atlas, Francis mal. Few people use the common name kill. Neither Sergeant Ordway nor Pri­ P. Harper, N.Y., 1893, is essentially the orig­ bison for the animal known scientifically as vate Whitehouse report the incident, Bison americanus. There is apparently inal Biddle/ Allen text with much added but Clark's journal specifically credits material and copious footnotes. In 1965, enough resemblance between the two to the accomplishment to Joseph Field. warrant the use of buffalo in the eyes of Dover Publications, N.Y., produced a three (Coues provides a footnote with re­ volume paper-back reprint edition of the 5 the non-scientific observer, though, of spect to this .) course, most who use the word in this Coues work. country have long ago lost all knowledge 4. Journal of Captain Meriwether Lewis However, in winter, buffalo were that it was extended from application to an and Sergeant John Ordway, Kept on the scarce in the neighborhood of Fort Old-World species. In many instances, as Expedition of Western Expl.oration, Milo Mandan6 and the hunters were ob~ has been shown, Lewis and Clark made ex­ M. Quaife (Editor), State Historical Society 5. Coues, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 83, Fn. 51. tensions of this nature, some of them so far­ of Wisconsin, Madison, 1916, Reprint Edi­ fetched that they have not been accepted tion, same publisher, 1965. Same page num­ 6. The Expedition's winter establishment in general usage." bering. from November 20, 1804 to April 7, 1805: -6- liged to go long distances in extremely Clark and his contingent in returning examining it I found it so poar that cold weather to supply buffalo beef via Gibbon's Pass,•0 the Jefferson Val­ I thought it unfit for uce and only and venison for the party. After leav­ ley and the Yellowstone River did not took the tongue: the party killed ing Fort Mandan on April 7, 1805, buf­ find any buffalo until they neared the another which was still more lean." falo were seen in ever increasing num­ Yellowstone in the neighborhood of Again, on April 25, he wrote: bers as the explorers proceeded up today's Livingston, Montana. There­ river. after, large herds were encountered in " ... we met with two large herds of the vicinity of the Boulder River and buffaloe, of which we killed three Above the Great Falls of the Missouri Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone. cows and a calf. two of the former, River the herds were smaller and less Clark reports: were so lea n , we therefore took numerous. No buffalo were seen in the their tongues and a part of their vicinity of Three Forks, Montana, or " ... emence herds of buffalow . .." man-ow-bones only." in the Jefferson River valley and its tributaties. The Indians had informed were seen from the summit of Pom­ Although Lewis and Clark found no Lewis and Clark that they would soon peys Piller" and near present Glen­ evidence of death by starvation be leaving the buffalo country after dive, Montana. among the buffalo, undoubtedly their passing the Falls, and Lewis wrote: Few buffalo were killed below the weakened condition made them more mouth of the Yellowstone on the re­ susceptible to predation especially by "this I much regret when we leave turn journey. According to Clark's the wolves which followed the herds, the buffaloe that we shall some­ diary, game was scarce for many miles ever alert to dxag down the weaklings times be under the necessity of fast­ and stragglers. However, despite their 7 above and below the Hidatsa, Man­ ing occasionally." dan, and Arikara villages. Buffalo did abundance, wolves were not a major not appear in large numbers above the factor in reducing populations. Indian He did not know how right this pre­ and white hunters, winter storms, diction would be. Teton River, but near the Big Bend of the Missouri they were seen in very prairie fires, and drowning appear to During the return journey, after the large herds. However, after leaving have taken a greater toll of buffalo Captains divided their party and fol­ topay's South Dakota for St. Louis, under primitive conditions than lowed separate routes from the expe­ none were reported. predators. dition's "Traveler's Rest'',8 Lewis and The Indians ordinarily hunted buffalo his small party reported seeing buffa­ In addition to the records indicating the abundance and distribution of on horseback using bows and arrows lo signs on Lander's Fork west of and spears. Their recklessness in rid­ Lewis and Clark Pass;• and, on July buffalo and other game species, the Lewis and Clark journals contain ing among the frightened, racing 8, 1806, in descending the mountains herds to shoot their arrows at close east of the pass Lewis writes: many noteworthy observations con­ cerning the condition of these animals range has been recorded by numbers "Joseph Fields saw two buffaloe and the various factors affecting of early western travelers. below us at some distance which are them. Repeated reference is made to It was a common practice, too, among the first we have seen ... much re­ the poor condition of buffalo, elk and the Indians to decoy and drive a herd joiced at finding ourselves in the deer killed after leaving Fort Mandan of buffalo over a precipice. The Cap­ plains of the Missouri which on April 7, 1805. On April 17, Lewis tains noted a site of such a slaughter abounds in game." wrote: on May 29, 1805, near the Judith 2 Two days later Lewis reported seeing " ... we met with a herd of buffaloe River. ' The journals detail: vast herds of buffalo within a few of which I killed the fatest as I con­ "today we passed on the Star'd side miles of the Great Falls. cieved among them, however on the remains of a vast many mangled carcases of Buffalow which had (Footnotes - con't from p. 6, and for this page) been driven over a precipice of 120 Near the community of Washburn, Lewis and Clark, Ferris/ Appleman and feet by Indians and perished; the McLean County, North Dakota, approxi­ others (Edito11i), U.S. Dept. of the Interior, water appeared to have washed mately 39 miles north and west of Bis­ National Park Service, 1975, p. 317: "Lewis away a part of this immence pile of marck. (See WPO, Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 6) and Clark County [Montana], in the Hel­ slaughter and still their remained 7. Captain Lewis refers in his journal to ena National Forest, about 17 miles north­ the fragments of at least a hundred Toussaint Charbonneau as ". . . our east of Lincoln, Montana., on the Continen­ carccases ... they created a most wrighthand cook... " and proceeds to extol tal Divide at the heads of Alice Creek, on horrid stench ... " his white pudding "boudin (poudingue) the west, and Green Creek, on the east . . . Blanc", a kind of sausage made from buffa­ About 8 miles east of Lincoln on Montana Although Lewis and Clark saw no lo gut and meat (Thwaites: Vol. 2, pp. 15- Road 200, a marker points up Alice Creek direct evidence that buffalo were 16). On July 3, 1805, the Captain laments: to Lewis and Clark Pass. A passable road killed by either blizzards, sleet storms extends northward alon"'it the creek for " ... the Indians have informed us that we or prairie fires, other explorers and fur about 15 miles to the Alice Creek Ranger should shortly leave the buffaloe [country] traders have cited instances of small .. . and at all events the white puddings will Station. From there, a I-mile jeep trail leads to the crest of the pass." herds being wiped-out under such cir­ be irretrievably lost and Sharbono out of cumstances. imployment" (Thwaites: op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 10. In southern Ravalli County, Montana, 207). elevation 6995', on the Continental Divide, In 1804, Alexander Henry reported approximately 10 miles south of Sula, Mon­ 8. A campsite so named by the Expedition. that a fil"e near the Pembina fur-trad­ Located about 11 miles south of Missoula, tana, and within 2 miles of the Idaho­ Montana state line. ing post in what is now North Dakota in Missoula County, Montana. Along U.S. destroyed a large number of buffalo. 11. A geologic sandstone prominence locat­ Highway 93, slightly south of the communi­ His description follows: 13 ty of Lo lo, two miles west (upstream) from ed in the fiat expanse of the Yellowstone t he confluence of Lolo Creek with the Bit­ Valley. A National Historic Landmark. In 12. Lewis and Clark nomenclature that has terroot River. The exploring party stopped Yellowstone County, Montana, on the persisted. here on September 9 and 10, 1805, when south bank of the Yellowstone River, about traveling west, and again from July 1 to 3, 1h mile north of Highway I-94, near the 13. Journals of A lexander Henry and 1806, on the return journey. communities of Pompeys Pillar and Nibbe, David Thompson, 1799-1814, Elliot Coues and 28 miles northeast of Billings. (See NPS (Editor ), 3 Volumes, Francis P. Harper, 9. Described as to location in the volume volume, ibid, pp. 322-325.) N.Y., 1897, Vol. 1, pp. 253-254. -7- "Plains burned in every direction and others mired every day. those number of animals killed by the hunt­ and blind buffalo wandering about. buffalow either drown in swiming ers. The poor beasts have all the hair the river or break thro' the ice." The data relating to bison have been singed off: even the skin in many At t he Great Falls Lewis noted that plotted on the accompanying map. places is shriveled up and terribly many buffalo were swept away and Each dot on the map represents two burned and their eyes are swollen drowned when they came to the river buffalo killed. The larger number and closed fast. It was really pitiful to drink. Lewis's journal for June 17, killed at Fort Mandan and at the to see them staggering about, some­ 1805, follows: Great Falls resulted from the extend­ times running afoul of a large stone, " . . . the passages to the river about ed periods of time spent in these areas. or other times tumbling down a hill [above] the falls are narrow and Undoubtably many more buffalo and falling into creeks not yet fro­ steep the hin[d]er part of the herd could have been taken in areas of zen over. In one spot we found a press those in front out of their abundance between Fort Mandan and whole herd lying dead." debth and the water insta[n]tly the Great Falls, on the Yellowstone, The explorers did see plenty of evi­ takes them over the cataracts and in present South Dakota, but the dence that large numbers of buffalo where they are instantly crushed to press of time did not permit long had drowned during the spring break­ death without the possibility of delays for hunting. Besides, Lewis up of ice in the Missouri At Fort escaping. in this manner I have seen gave specific orders that no more ani­ Mandan they reported seeing the In­ ten or a douzen disappear in a few mals should be killed than needed for dians trying to salvage live buffalo minutes. their mangled carcases ly food and hides. At best, however, stranded on ice floes in the river. On along the shores below the falls in much meat was wasted because of April 27, 1805, at the mouth of the considerable quantities and afford spoilage induced by heat and mois­ Yellowstone, they commented on the fine amusement for the bear wolves ture, delays in transporting animals number of dead buffalo stranded on and birds of prey; this may be one killed, and because some of the buffa­ the banks of the Missouri River. reason and I think not a bad one lo, deer and elk were "too pore for Lewis's journal states: either that the bear are so tenatious uce." of their right of soil in this neigh­ Nevertheless, as long as t he expedition "for several days past we have ob­ bourhood." remained in buffa lo country east of served a great number of buffaloe The game-kill records of the Lewis t he Rocky Mountains, meat was plen­ lying dead on the shore, some of and Clark Expedition generally have tiful, and Captain Lewis remarked on them entire and others partly de­ been neglected. However , in the one occasion that game was so abun­ voured by wolves and bear. those diaries of Captains Lewis and Clark, dant and easily killed that he could anamals either drownded during Sergeants Ordway and Gass, and Pri­ have fed a regiment! the winter in attempting to pass the vate Whitehouse, we find an almost river on the ice ... or by swimming complete record of hunting successes across ... to the bluff banks which and failures. The members of the ex­ they are unable to ascend, and feel­ pedition were not only dependent on ing themselves too weak to return their rifles for food, but for hides Editor's note: In all -the literature about the remain and perish for want of food; which were needed for making mocas­ Expedition, the splendid recapitulation in this situation we met with sever­ sins, shirts, trousers, robes, tents, bull concerning the buffalo as it related to the al little parties of them." boa ts, a nd covers for baggage. Of Lewis & Clark"' Expedition will be found as Chapter VII (pp. 47-167) titled: "The On May 15, 1805, Clark wrote: course, such factors as weather, to­ American Bison" in the Burroughs' work pography, vegetation, and the length cited previously. There is no other disserta­ "We see Buffalow on the banks of time spent at different locations tion about the American Bison (Buffalo) dead, others floating down dead, had a n important bearing on th e and the Expedition as complete as this!

( / . ·BISON KILL ~ Lewis & Clark Expedition i \ 1804-1806 Dots Indicate Approximate Locations Where Killings Were Made TOTAL 259 KILLED

- 8- Captain Lewis Discovers and Describes The Great Falls of the Missouri between this abrupt extremity of the ledge of rocks and the perpindi­ cular bluff the whole body of water passes with incredible swiftness. im­ mediately at the cascade the river is about 300 y'ds wide; about ninty or a hundred yards of this next the Lar'd. bluff is a smooth even sheet of water falling over a precipice of at least eighty feet, the remaining part of about 200 yards on my right formes the grandest sight I ever be­ held, the hight of the fall is the same as the other but the irregular and somewhat projecting rocks below receives the water in its pas­ sage down and brakes it into a per­ fect white foam which assumes a thousand forms in a moment some­ times flying up in jets of sparkling A contemporary engraving of the Great FaUs of the Mi.ssouri. In June 1805, and again foam to hight of fifteen or twenty in July 1806, Lewi.s's journal indicates that he attempted to produce some kind of a drawing or sketch of the falls, for "some able[r] pencil" to make into a suitable drawing at some feet and are scarcely formed before later date. There i.s some conjecture that the above engraving may have been developed large roling bodies of the same beat­ from hi.s drawings. Reproduction of thi.s engraving courtesy of the Huntington Library, en and foaming water is thrown San Marino, California. over and conceals them. in short the rocks seem to be most happily fixed to present a sheet of the whit­ Jeannette Mirsky in her charming on Thursday, June 13, 1805. We ex­ est beaten froa th for 200 yards in and well-written volume The West­ cerpt this from the Original Journals 4 length and about 80 feet perpen­ ward Crossings - Balboa - Macken­ ••• as follows: dicular. the water after descending zie - Lewis and Clark, Alfred A. "I sent Feels [Field] on my right strikes against the butment before Knopfe, N.Y., 1946, pp. 279, provides and Drewyer and Gibson on my left mentioned or that on which I stand us with a graphic appraisal and de­ with orders to kill some meat and and seems to reverberate an!f being scription of the Expedition at the met by the more impetuous courant Great Falls of the Missouri. join me at the river where I sould halt for dinner. I had proceeded on they roll and swell into half formed "This was one of the vastly rewarding this course about two miles with billows of great hight which rise and moments,1 heightened and made Goodrich at some distance behind again disappear in an instant. this sweeter by the recent dilemma;2 re­ me whin my ears were saluted with butment of rock defends a hand­ laxed, relieved, his ears received the the agreeable sound of a fall of some little bottom of about three roar of the water like a surging, exul­ water advancing a little further I acres which is diversified and tant victory march. saw t he spray arrise above the plain agreeably shaded with some cotton­ like a collumn of smoke . .. I did not wood trees; . .. below the point of "From out of the welter of crises, ad­ however loose my direction at this these rocks at a small distance the ventures, labors, alarms, dangers, an­ point which soon began to make a river is divided by a large rock noyances, when it seemed as though roaring too tremendious to be mis­ which rises several feet above the earth and sky added their malevo­ taken for any cause short of the water and extends downwards with lence to the great hurdle of the Mis­ great falls of the Missouri ... I hur­ the stream for about 20 yards. souri, a simple shining fact emerges: ried down the hill which was about about a mile before the water ar­ nothing could stop their forward ad­ 200 feet high and difficult of access, rives at the pitch it descends very vance. Lewis and Clark had welded a to gaze on this sublimely grand rappidly, .. . about 300 yards below living machine of strength and spirit." specticle. I took my position on the me there is another butment of Always a vivid descriptionist, we must top of some rocks about 20 feet high solid rock with a perpendicular face turn to Captain Meriwether Lewis for opposite the center of the falls. this and abo[u]t 60 feet high which pro­ his eye-witness view of the falls of the chain of rocks appear once to have jects from the Star'd. side at right Missouri as he saw it for the first time3 formed" a part of those over which angles to the distance of 134 yd's. and terminates the lower part near­ 1. Lewis's discovery of the Great Falls of the waters tumbled but in the the Missouri River, June 13, 1805. course of time has been separated ly of the bottom before mentioned; from it to the distance of 150 yards . .. from the reflection of the sun on 2. The decision at the Marias River con­ lying prarrallel to it and a butment the sprey or mist which arrises from fluence. against which the water falling over these falls there is a beatifull rain­ 3. During the winter 1805-1805, while the the precipice beats with great fury; bow produced which adds not a lit­ Expedition was at Fort Mandan, the Cap­ this barrier extends on the right to tle to t he beauty of this majestical­ tains learned from the Indians, who had the perpendicular clift which forms ly grand senery. after wrighting this previously frequented the Missouri River to the board [border] of the river . . . imperfect discription I again viewed the west and toward the mountains, that the falls and was so much disgusted there were a series of falls or cataracts in 4. Thwaites, Reuben G. (Editor) Original with the imperfect idea which it the river. So far as is known, Meriwether Journa/,s of the Lewi.s and Clark Expedi­ conveyed of the scene that I deter­ Lewis was the first white man to see and tion, Dodd Mead & Co., N.Y., 1904, 7 Vol­ mined to draw my pen across it and document the spectacular sight, and to umes and Atlas. Reprint editions Anti­ apply the name "The Great Falls of the begin agin, but then reflected that ... quarian Press, N.Y., 1959; Arno Press, N.Y., Misso un. 1969. Vol. 2, pp. 147-150. (Continued page JO)

-9- I could not perhaps succeed better Montana Lewis & Clark Beryl Morris (Great Falls), Stuart than pening the first impressions of Commission Enlarged & Conner (Billings), Al Lucke (Havre), the mind; I wished for the pencil of John Austin (Hamilton), Francis Salvatore Rosa [a Titian]5 or the Reactivated by Governor Mitchell (Missoula), and Patrick Lee pen of Thompson6 that I might be (Great Falls). MacGilvra, Stearns, Honorable Thomas L. Judge, Gover­ Foote, Werner,_and Brooker served on enabled to give to the enlightened nor of Montana, has appointed an en­ world some just idea of this truly the previous Commission. The Mon­ larged and reactivated Montana magniflicent and sublimely grand tana Commission hosted the August object, which has from the com­ Lewis and Clark Commission. A 1972 Annual Meeting of the Founda­ meeting of the new organization on mencement of time been concealed tion in Helena. January 30th, at Great Falls, will from the view of civilized man; but WPO has been recently informed elect officers, develop committees, and this was fruitless and vain. I most that additional Commission members review proposed plans for the August sincerely regreted that I had not have been appointed, and that the fol­ 16-18, 1976, Eighth Annual Meeting of brought a crimee [camera] obscura lowing are the elected officers for the the national Foundation. Appointed with me by the assistance of which organization: Randall Swanberg, to the commission are: E. E. Mac­ even I could have hoped to have President; Margaret Warden, Vice Gilvra (Butte), Hal Stearns (Helena), done better but alas this was also President; P. Beryl Morris, Secretary Mrs. Stella Foote (Billings), Wilbur P. out of my reach; I therefore with (all of Great Falls); and Jack Lepley Werner (Cut Bank), Josephine the assistance of my pen only indea­ of Fort Benton, Treasurer. Nels Thor­ Brooker (Helena), Jack Lepley (Fort voured to trace some of the stronger son of Great Falls has been chosen to Benton), Mrs. Junne Johnsrud (Fort features of this seen by the assist­ be the General Chairman for the na­ Benton), Bill Bertsche (Great Falls), ance of which and my recollection tional Foundation's annual meeting. Wes Woodgerd (Helena), Norma aided by some able pencil I hope Ashby (Great Falls), Randall Swan­ Mr. Jack Lepley of Fort Benton will still to give to the world some faint act as Reservation Chairman (see idea of an object which at this mo­ berg (Great Falls), Mrs. John Baucus (Helena), Gail Stensland (Inverness), story page 4). ment fills me with such pleasure and astonishment; and which of it's kind I will venture to ascert is sec­ Urquharts Deed Expedition's "Portage Creek" ond to but one in the known world. I retired to the shade of a tree Campsite to Montana Boy Scouts where I determined to fix my camp for the present and dispatch a man Foundation Director E. E. "Boo" site is on our ranch and we have deed­ [J. Field] in the morning to inform MacGilvra from Montana, advises ed it to the North Central Montana Capt. C. and the party of my suc­ WPO that the site of the Expedition's Council of the Boy Scouts of America. cess in finding the falls and settle "Portage Creek" encampment, locat­ The following provisions were includ­ in their minds all further doubts as ed on Mr. and Mrs. Charles Urqu­ ed in the deed: it is to be maintained to the Missouri." hart's ranch, has been deeded to the in its primitive state as Lewis and North Central Montana Council, Boy Clark found it and held as a Historical Scouts of America. Landmark. It must be kept clean at 5. The brackets are Thwaites'. Rosa was an all times and no improvements erect­ The site is on the south side of the Italian painter and poet, 1615-1673. A lead­ ed. If these provisions are not kept the Missouri River at the mouth of ing painter of the Neopolitan school known land reverts back to us or our heirs. today's Belt (the Expedition's "Por­ chiefly for landscapes and battle scenes. Ap­ The site was surveyed on April 28, tage") Creek, which forms the parently this artist's work was known and 1968, by Charles W. Heber, engineer admired by Captain Lewis. boundry between Chouteau and Cas­ and land surveyor and Richard Berg, cade Counties, Montana. Belt Creek 6. Thwaites in a footnote, Vol. 2, p. 149, land surveyor, Montana State High­ has its origin in the Belt Mountain indicates that Lewis is referring to a James way Department. They were assisted Range to the southeast. Thomson, a Scottish author of The Sea­ by Life Scouts Jack Parcel, Rick Berg, sons. Webster's Biographical Dictionary Almost directly across the Missouri to and Larry Nelson, and Star Scout further states that Thomson, 1700-1748, in the west, and one-half-mile from the 1730 " ... brought together as The Seasons, Kevin Berg. The plot of land contains for the first time giving description in nature Lewis and Clark encampment site, is 8.82 acres. The survey work, as well the leading place, and paving the way for the highly sulphurous "Sacagawea's as the legal work done by Bjarne the emotional treatment of nature by the Spring" .' Johnson, of the law firm of Church, Harris, Johnson, and Williams, were Romantic poets." In her letter to "Boo" MacGilvra de­ all donated without charge. Art Gar­ scribing the transfer of this land, Mrs. berg of the Boy Scout Council ar­ Urquhart wrote: ranged for the transfer of the land to "The Lewis and Clark Portage Camp­ the Boy Scouts of America." Bonus for 1976 membership re­ i. Sacagawea, for several days prior to the Mrs. Urquhart, in her letter, also indi­ newal (the reproduction of the arrival of the exploring party at this place, cated that the Daughters of the engraving of Clark's map from had been reported in the journals to be American Colonists have raised the 1814 Biddle/Allen Edition) quite ill. Lewis in his journal for June 16, money to assist the Boy Scouts in ob­ 1805, indicates that ''. . . to procure the taining and putting in place a suitable has been mailed to 1975 waters of the Sulphur spring, the virtues of members who renewed their which I now resolved to try on the Indian bronze marker. membership in the Foundation woman. this spring is situated about 200 In his letter to the editor "Boo" Mac­ for 1976. (See WPO, Vol. 1, No. yards from the Missouri on the N.E. side Gilvra states: "So now, the Lewis and 4, p. 3). If you qualify for receipt nearly opposite to the entrance of a large Cla.rk historical site at the mouth of of this bonus item, and have not creek .... the water is as transparent as possible strongly impreganted with sulpher, "Portage Creek" is in safe and consci­ received your map, please advise entious hands and will remain so Secretary Anderson. and I suspect Iron also, as the colour of the hills and bluffs in the neighbourhood indi­ providing the terms of the deed are cate the existence of that metal." adhered to."

-10- Up-dating Lewis & Clark University of Montana School of For­ [sic] .. . those men are on a trapping In Recent Periodicals estry, Missoula, writes about this expedition up the River Rochejone same area along the Missouri River, [Yellowstone]". Dickson and his com­ "Thomas Jefferson and the Corps of in an article titled: "The Last 7 Per­ panion persuaded the Captains and Discovery: Could He Have Done cent". Describing this stretch of the John Colter to permit the latter to More?", E. G. Chuinard, M.D., in Missouri River, Professor Harris says: leave the returning Expedition and THE AMERICAN WEST magazine, "Tepee rings still adorn the bluffs trap for beaver furs along the Yellow­ a publication of the Western History overlooking the river and the land­ stone. This party of three men were Association, for November 1975 (Vol. scape is the same as recorded in 1805 to become designated historically as XII, No. 6). Brief review of this on by Captains Lewis and Clark". Black the Fourth Expedition to the Yellow­ page 4, WPO, Vol. 1, No. 4. Order and white photographs of the area to­ stone, being the initiators of the fur copies from the American West Pub­ gether with reproductions of sketches trade in this ai-ea. The full span of the lishing Co., 599 College Ave., Palo made by Karl Bodmer in 1833 accom­ rich life of Dickson is enlarged upon Alto, CA 94306, postage paid upon pany this article. This publication by the author over his previous ac­ your remittance of $3.00. may be ordered (when single issues count in Vol. 3, pp. 71-79 in Mountain are available) from WESTERN Men and the Fur Trade, Hafen (edi­ WESTERN WILDLIFE, a publica­ WILDLANDS, School of Forestry, tor), The Arthur H. Clark Co, Glen­ tion of the Montana Forest and Con­ University of Montana, Missoula, dale, CA., 1966. Lewis and Clark buffs servation Experiment Station, Uni­ Montana 59801. Enclose $1.00. who wish to pursue all the ramifica­ versity of Montana, Missoula, issue "Thomas Jefferson: Architect of Free­ tions of the Lewis and Clark saga may for Summer 1975 (Vol. 2, No. 3), pro­ wish to read and include in their li­ vides two interesting articles relating dom" is the title of an interesting, il­ lustrated, article by Mike W. Edwards brary this fascinating and well-writ ­ to the Lewis and Clark Expedition in ten story of Joseph Dickson, one of Montana.' Montana's Senator Lee and Linda Bartlett, in the February 1976, issue of the NATIONAL GEO­ the forerunners of t he throng of Metcalf has provided a "Guest Edito­ mountain men, and who was spurred rial" titled "Preserving the Wild Mis­ GRAPHIC MAGAZINE, Vol. 149, No. 2, National Geographic Society, on by the personal touch of the two souri", in which he describes the great Captains. AddTess requests to Washington, D.C. progress and status of the natural re­ MONTANA THE MAGAZINE OF source legislation, Senate Bill S. 1506. "Hard on the Heels of Lewis and WESTERN HISTORY, 225 North The Senator has introduced this legis­ Clark", by Frank H. Dickson, the Roberts Street, Helena, Montana lation to preserve portions of the Mis­ story of Joseph Dickson is most inter­ 59601. Price $3.00 (Also on sale at souri River in Montana. Detailing the estingly recorded by his great-great­ newstands.) history and progress of this legislation grandson in MONTANA THE MAG­ to the present, he concludes his edito­ AZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY, Foundation Membership rial with this statement: Vol. XXVI, No. 1, Winter 1976. The Now International carefree spelling used by Captains "There is now additional incentive to Lewis and Clark in their journals, move quickly to protect the area. Secretai-y Anderson reports that even with the most studious editing the Foundation has now reached Lewis and Clark traversed the length of them, makes it uncertain or impos­ of the 2500-mile Missouri River when across the Atlantic to Scotland, and sible t o identify the names of occa­ the Republic was in its infancy . .. north to Canada. Today it is the only segment of the sional characters who are recorded. Thomas McSorley writes from Fortunately this is not true of Joseph Glasgow: "Being so far away ... all entire river which is unspoiled. I can Dickson, who has the eternal distinc­ I can offer is my enthusiasm, my love think of no more fitting tribute to the tion of having his name recorded in American Bicentennial Celebration and admiration of those great Ameri­ than to preserve for the future gener­ the Captains' journals. On August 11, can trailblazers and my insatiable cu­ ations the same vistas seen by Lewis 1806, still 1800 miles up the Missouri riosity, coupled with my willingness to and Clark." on his way home, Clark wrote " ... I learn more and more of this magnifi­ observed a canoe near the shore .. . cent expedition." Also in this issue, John T. Harris, As­ here I found two men from the illin­ Christopher E. Payn is a new sociate Professor of Wildlife Biology, oies Jos. Dixon [sic], and Handcock member from Willowdale, Ontario.

1. Map is reproduced from Western Wildlands magazine, Summer 1975, and is pertinent to Senator Metcalf's editorial and· Professor Harris's article.

L&C CA~PSITi HISTORIC AND NATURAL FEATURES J•ine t 180~

CAI•: •! \'- • •11l-.1 \II \". '* r• c,.M, >.,. .. . , ,,1·1ti 1Alf\."

-+-·t

J untr 29, 1806 0 5 10 Hi """11!.'!l".'llif'::": -_-:~ •• - .-- :~ • ~ M tll1 Al , ; itl'l -' • • 'J 't! •\ • ~ A 1 1 '.; ·~· · t~ ; ,iil/111 /•lllt t •

-The stretch of the Missouri proposed ror m1na1ement as wild, scenic, or recreational in S. 1506 ii outlined In aray.

-11- Site Near Salmon, Idaho a part in the creation of the 1965-1969, that Dr. Jackson presented the Annu­ For New L. & C. Marker Congressionally activated, Lewis and al Banquet Address at the Founda­ Clark Trail Commission (now suc­ tion's Sixth Annual Meeting at Sea­ A bronze plaque placed on a native ceeded by the Lewis and Clark Trail side, Oregon, in August 1974, and the stone marker will mark the spot five Heritage Foundation, Inc.). text of this was reproduced in the Vol­ ume 1, Number 1 issue of WPO. He miles up Warm Springs Creek in the Dave Ainsworth indicates that plans is also a recipient of the Foundation's saddle between Pattee and Rattle­ are underway for an official dedica­ award, and a Director of the Founda­ snake Creeks (near Salmon, Idaho) tion of the marker, probably on Au­ tion. where the Lewis and Clark Expedition gust 13, 1976, as part of Idaho's Bicen­ unfurled the first American (15-star) tennial observance. flag west of the Continental Divide. Another member, Ralph S. Space of Orofino, Idaho, has submitted an in­ The legend on the marker will read: teresting story about his investigation Lewis and Clark Expedition Preview of Forth-coming into the mystery of Lewis and Clark " - leaving my pack and rifle I took "Feature Stories" in WPO name carvings on a tree in Idaho's the flag which I unfurled and ad­ Clearwater National Forest, and his part in the preservation and eventual vanced toward them ---" In those In addition to news items about interpretation with historical marker words Captain Meriwether Lewis de­ Foundation activities, book reviews, signs at what was originally called scribed his and three companions etc, we are accumulating a fine store­ "Clark's Camp" and is now known as meeting with three Shoshone Indians house of historical material for publi­ "Lewis and Clark Grove". on August 13, 1805, near here. The cation as feature articles in future Lewis party had crossed the Conti­ issues of We Proceeded On. nental Divide at Lemhi Pass the pre­ Member Bob Saindon, of Glasgow vious day. This was the first time the In our last issue we published Larry A.F.B., Montana, has been in corre­ U.S. Flag was displayed in Idaho and Gill's article on the Portage at the spondence with Secretary Anderson, apparently the first documented rec­ Great Falls of the Missouri, and in­ and we have his preliminary draft of ord of display of the flag, on land, cluded in this issue is "Dar" Bur­ a fascinating story which developes a west of the Rockies. roughs' monograph concerning the new thesis concerning the "Abduction Presented by the Jay N. "Ding" Dar­ Expedition and the Buffalo. of Sacajawea". ling Foundation With permission graciously granted Director Dr. "Frenchy" Chuinard is The marker will be equipped with two by the Missomi. Historical Society, Paul Russell Cutright's article "Lewis preparing material for a story about holders from which the present 50- the rare "photographic" portraits, and Clark and Cottonwood" will ap­ star flag and the Expedition's 15-star still extant, of Sergeant Patrick Gass. flag will be flown. pear in a future issue as a reprint. Paul Cutright prepared this splendid Only Gass and Alexander Willard of the expedition lived to an age to see It was on August 13, 1805, at the site article for publication in the October of the new marker, that the events de­ 1965 issue of the Society's quarterly the development of photography. tailed in Captain Meriwether Lewis's Bulletin. "Dar" Burroughs has re­ journal occurred.* The Captain, to­ Director George H. Tweney, has cently forward to the editor another promised to prepare a biographical gether with George Drouillard, John little story titled: "My Servant, sketch concerning one of the littera­ Shields, and Hugh McNeal, ahead of York". Both Cutright and Burroughs teurs of the expedition. This will be the main party, had crossed the Con­ are members of the Foundation, and similar to the editor's story in the Vol. tinental Divide at Lemhi Pass on Au­ are recipients of the Foundation's gust 12th. 1, No. 4 issue concerning Olin D. Award of Meritorious Achievement. Wheeler. Foundation member David G. Ains­ A busy Don Jackson writes from worth of Salmon, Idaho, has been the Charlottesville and the University of "The Brig Lydia Misses a Rendezvous moving force in designating the site Virginia, where he is Editor for "The with History - November, December for the marker, based on detailed Papers of George Washington". 1805'', is the ti tie of an article study of the expedition's journals and Scheduled for eight public appear­ prepared by the editor for inclusion in the topography of the locale. He ad­ ances with reference to George Wash­ a future issue. vises that the Salmon, Idaho District ington during the coming Bicenten­ of the Bureau of Land Management nial year, Don responded to the Your suggestions relative to subjects has installed the marker stone, and editor's request for a WPO story by for these historical features in up­ the plaque is being furnished by the saying: "I wish I could say that I have coming issues are most welcome. Per­ Jay N. "Ding" Darling Foundation. something red hot to send you ... tinent manuscripts submitted for The "Ding" Darling Foundation had Let's hope something crops up soon publication will receive every consid­ that I can prepare for WPO - but eration from our editorial advisory *Thwaites, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 338. don't bet on it." Members will recall committee.

WE PROCEEDED ON derives from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collective journals of the Expedition: - "this rrwrning we set out early and proceeded on ..." Capt. Meriwether Lewis, July 19, 1805. "... wind from the S. W. we proceeded on . . . until 6 oClock ... " Capt. William Clark, May 14, 1805. " ... the fog rose thick from the hollars we proceeded on . . . " Sgt. John Ordway, June 29, 1806. "We proceeded on with four men in front to cut some bushes ..." Sgt. Patrick Gass, June 18, 1806. "We set out early proceeded on past a Island on the S. Side... " Sgt. Charles Floyd, June 26, 1804. ". . . clouded up . . . We proceeded on under a fine breeze ..." Pvt. Joseph Whitehouse, October 10, 1805.

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