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Home , Lewis and Clark Pass

On the Trail with

Lewis and Clark

Botanical Illustrations of plants found by Merriwether Lewis

by Ms. Amatucci's Fourth Graders

Stony Point May 2004

The Process

Fourth grade students in Albemarle County study Virginia History in social studies. This year there has been a special emphasis on Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery. May 2004 marks the bi-centennial of the beginning of the expedition to the northwest. Students also study plant parts and plant reproduction as part of the science curriculum. This project was an integration of social studies and science content with art, mathematics, and technology. Each student selected a plant or flower found along the expedition trail and then researched where the plant was observed and/or collected. As part of his scientific duties, Merriwether Lewis observed plants, illustrated them, and recorded botanical descriptions. Our journey started at the Lewis-Ginter Botanical Gardens in Richmond, Virginia, where we had our first lesson in botanical illustration. We learned that botanical illustration is the merging of scientific and mathematical observation and artistic skill. Using watercolors requires drawing, design and color skills. We brainstormed a list of plants after visiting the website http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/LnC/LnCpublic.htm. We each chose a different plant. We spent time researching and recorded where it was observed or collected; the town, county, state, and date. We also learned the botanical name as well as the common name. After a preliminary sketch, we learned how to transfer our drawing on to watercolor paper. Some of us learned how to manipulate images on the copy machine. We studied complimentary colors and decided on a background color for the watercolor wash. Details were done with watercolor pencils. We were careful to add plant parts and accurate colors. "Details, details, details," they kept telling us. Together with our research information, we mounted our finished paintings. We hope you enjoy this book as much as we did making it.

Gaillardia aristata (Common gaillardia)

Collected either by Lewis somewhere near , Lewis and Clark Co. or in Lincoln Co., , or less likely by Clark in Big Hole Valley in Beaverhead Co., Montana. The collection was made on 7 Jul 1806. Abbi

Oenothera cespitosa (Tufted evening-primrose)

Collected possibly by Lewis between the Great Falls of the in Cascade Co., Montana, the Teton River in Chouteau Co., Montana, or less likely by Clark along the in Jefferson Co. or Madison Co., Montana. The species was gathered on 17 Jul 1806. Abigail

Dasiphora fruticosa (Shrubby Cinquefoil)

Collected in Nevada Valley, Powell Co., Montana, on 6 Jul 1806. Synonymy: Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Raf., Petaphylloides florbunda. Alec

Penstemon wilcoxii (Wilsonx's penstemon)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 20 May 1806. Allison

Iris tenax (Oregon Iris)

Probably seen at but without flowers. Amanda

Crataegus douglasii (Black hawthorn)

Collected apparently on the north bank of the Walla Walla River in Walla Walla Co., Washington, on 29 Apr 1806. Calvin

Philadelphus lewisii (Lewis’ mock-orange)

Collected along the banks of the Clark Fork of the Blackfoot River near present-day Missoula, Missoula Co., Montana, on 4 Jul 1806. Cody

Nicotiana quadrivalvis (Indian tobacco)

Obtained from Native Americans along the Missouri River above the Walworth-Campell Co. line in South Dakota on 12 Oct 1804. Connor

Lupinus argenteus (Silver lupine)

Collected along the Blackfoot River in Lewis and Clark Co., Montana, 7 Jul 1806. The second sheet was probably collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 5 Jun 1806. Daniel

Mentzelia decapetala (Tenpetal blazingstar)

Collected apparently on white bluffs near an Omaha Indian village along the Missouri River near the mouth of Bow Creek, Cedar Co., Nebraska, 25-26 Aug 1804. Devin

Prunus emarginata (Bitter cherry)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 29 May 1806. Erik

Berberis nervosa (Dull Oregon-grape)

Collected along the at the Cascades probably in Hood River Co., Oregon, on 11 Apr 1806. Hagan

Cypripedium Acaule (Pink Lady’s-Slipper)

Lady’s - Slipper mentioned on June 30, 1806, along Lolo Creek in Missoula County, Montana. Other orchids may have been seen, but were not collected. Heather

Linum lewisii (Wild Blue flax)

Collected along the Sun River, Teton, or Cascade Co., Montana, July 9, 1806. Holly

Lilium philadelphicum (Western wood lily)

Collected on the northern Great Plains by Lewis and Clark, and perhaps in Montana. Supposedly Pursh had two elements before him, the Lewis and Clark collection which is now lost, and one or more specimens obtained by Nuttall at or near Fort in 1811 that are also lost. Jordy

Mimulus lewisii (Lewis' monkeyflower)

Collected apparently either in the Great Falls area in Cascade Co., Montana, sometime from 21 Jun-14 Jul 1805, or more likely along Trail Creek toward in Beaverhead Co., Montana, on 12 Aug 1805. Josh

Clarkia pulchella (Faiirypinks)

Collected apparently northeast of Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, 1 Jun 1806. K.J.

Blechnum spicant (Deerfern)

Collected at Fort Clatsop, Clatsop Co., Oregon, on 20 Jan 1806. Kaila

Opuntia polyacantha (Hairyspine pricklypear)

Roots sent back from , N.D., winter 1805. Kate

Polemonium caeruleum (Jacob’s-ladder)

Collected along the Lolo Trail near Hungery Creek in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 27 Jun 1806. Keyonna

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry)

Collected at Fort Mandan, McLean Co., North Dakota, probably in the late fall of 1804. Kimi

Lonicera ciliosa (Orange honeysuckle)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 5 Jun 1806. Lucy

Cleome serrulata (Rocky Mountain beeplant)

Collected along the Missouri River near Vermillion, in Clay Co., South Dakota, on 25 Aug 1804. Maddy

Penstemon fruticosa (Shrubby penstemon)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 20 May 1806. Mariel

Penstemon wilcoxii (Wilsonx's penstemon)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 20 May 1806. Morgan

Erythronium grandiflorum (Glacier Lily)

Was obtained on May 8 1806 somewhere along the between Big Canyon. Nelly

Calypso bulbosa (Western Fairy Slipper Orchid)

Collected apparently along a branch of Fish Creek but prior to Hungry Creek while on the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 16 Jun 1806. Nyssa

Phlox Divaricata (Wild blue phlox)

Collected along the Clearwater River between Pine Creek and Big Canyon Creek, Co., Idaho, on 7 May 1806. Olivia

Eriophyllum lanatum (Common wooly-sunflower)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 6 Jun 1806. Pilar

Calochortus elegans (Elegant Mariposa-lily)

Collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 17 May 1806. Reed

Lewisia rediviva (Bitterroot)

Collected at Travelers' Rest on the in Missoula Co., Montana, on 2 Jul 1806. Reid

Erigeron Compositus (Cutleaf Daisey or Dwarf mountain fleabane)

Collected apparently along the Clearwater River in Idaho, probably 26 Sep-10 Oct 1805. Shae

Phacelia linearis (Threadleaf Phacelia)

Collected along the Columbia River at Rock Fort Camp near The Dalles in Wasco Co., Oregon, on 17 Apr 1806. Sherry

Phlox speciosa (Shrubby phlox)

Collected along the Clearwater River between Pine Creek and Big Canyon Creek, Nez Perce Co., Idaho, on 7 May 1806. Smitha

Linum lewisii (Prairie flax)

Collected either by Lewis along the Sun River passing from Lewis and Clark Co., Montana, into Cascade Co. and most likely near the mouth of Simms Creek, or by Clark at "Fortunate Camp" in Beaverhead Co., Montana. The species was gathered on 9 Jul 1806. Tatyana

Claytonia lanceolata (Western spring beauty)

Collected along the Lolo Trail, perhaps on Indian Graves Peak in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 27 Jun 1806. Terry

Iris missouriensis (Rocky Mountain iris)

Collected in Nevada Valley, Powell Co., Montana, on 6 Jul 1806. Tessa

Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Feathered Aster)

Collected along the Missouri River in Lyman or Brule cos., South Dakota, on 15 Sep 1804, possibly near the mouth of the White River. Travis

Pedicularis groenlandica (Bull elephant-head)

Collected probably near Kamiah, Idaho Co., Idaho, in late May of 1806 rather than along the Blackfoot River in Powell Co., Montana, on 6 Jul 1806. Will