UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title El estadio y la palabra: deporte y literatura en la Edad de Plata Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1731s0tx Author Cuesta, Luis Francisco Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles El estadio y la palabra: deporte y literatura en la Edad Plata A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures by Luis Francisco Cuesta Muniz 2013 © Copyright by Luis Francisco Cuesta Muniz 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION El estadio y la palabra: deporte y literatura en la Edad de Plata by Luis Francisco Cuesta Muniz Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literature University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Roberta L. Johnson, Co-Chair Professor María Teresa de Zubiaurre, Co-Chair "El estadio y la palabra: Deporte y literatura en la Edad de Plata" (The Stadium and the Word: Sports and Literature in Spain's Silver Age) analyzes how in early twentieth-century Spain the concurrent modernization of the nation and the professionalization of sports are mirrored in the country's literature (particularly, in essays, fiction and poetry). I conclude that authors understood sports as a social institution that went beyond leisure activity. In their perception, sports fit into larger concepts of social relationships, engaging with history, nationhood and citizens of different classes and genders. My introduction outlines the early history of sports in Spain and summarizes the major subthemes of the thesis--Spain and modernity, the rise of new social classes, nationalistic reactions to foreign influences, the establishment of sports journalism, and the changing position of women in a modernizing society. The first chapter discusses the reaction to the new sports phenomenon on the part of intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno, Gregorio Marañón, José Ortega y Gasset, Antonio Machado, Ernesto Giménez Caballero, among others. For example, by the 1920s, soccer grew ii exponentially and began to rival bullfighting as Spain’s most influential form of mass entertainment; thus one of the issues these thinkers debated was the new role of mass spectatorship. As spectator sports moved to the forefront of Spanish consciousness in the early twentieth century, major and minor literary figures turned to sport as a way of comprehending some of the radical changes occurring in Spanish life. These reactions formed part of the dialogue about Spain's prospects as a nation in the modern world that had begun in the latter half of the nineteenth century, spawning works of narrative fiction by Wenceslao Fernández Flórez, Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui, and Antonio de Hoyos y Vinent analyzed in chapter two. Sports journalism, which garnered an increasing role in the periodical press, forms the heart of the third chapter that considers the interaction between the sports chronicle and key novels and stories by José Luis Bugallal, Francisco Ayala, José Díaz Fernández, and Rafael Lopez de Haro. The styles of these fictional works, which ranges from more traditional realism to avant-garde metaphoric prose, reflects the tension between modernity and tradition that Spain as a nation was experiencing. Chapter four recognizes the new public profile that modern Spanish women were assuming and addresses the figure of the sportswoman and the female sports spectator as characters in novels and objects of poetic contemplation, often rendered in vanguard in style, by both men and women. The essay Plenitud by former tennis star Lilí Álvarez introduces the chapter and some of its central themes--sports as means of achieving female emancipation and sports as a leisure activity for people of all ages and genders. The dissertation's epilogue summarizes the historical background and some of the literary and filmic manifestations of sports during the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) and the democratic era (1975-present). The debates over the nature and importance of sports to the Spanish nation reflect the social, political and cultural evolution of the country from 1898 to 1936 and beyond. iii The dissertation of Luis Francisco Cuesta Muniz is approved. Jorge Marturano María C. Pons Jesús Torrecilla Roberta L. Johnson, Committee Co-Chair María Teresa de Zubiaurre, Committee Co-Chair iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Vita viii Introducción. La modernidad hace deporte 1 Capítulo 1. La carrera hacia la modernidad: el interés intelectual por el deporte en España 52 Algunos escépticos: Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Miguel de Unamuno y Antonio Machado 56 José Ortega y Gasset y Gregorio Marañón frente a frente 75 Unas visiones vanguardistas del deporte: Eugenio D’Ors, Ernesto Giménez Caballero, Salvador Dalí, Luis Buñuel, Jacinto Miquelarena y Lili Álvarez 89 Capítulo 2. Ideología y ficción deportiva 116 Biologismo deportivo: El ladrón de glándulas y Xaici, delantero 118 Ficcionalizando las ideas de Gregorio Marañón: El caso Chiripi 140 Combate por la supremacía del ocio: La relación entre fútbol y toros en la ficción deportiva española 148 Capítulo 3. Periodismo deportivo y ficción narrativa: una simbiosis 174 Evolución de la crónica y la prensa deportiva española durante la Edad de Plata 182 Distinta representaciones del as del balón: El coloso de Rande, Chiripi y Futbol… Jazz-Band 201 Cuando el puño se hace metáfora: El boxeador y un ángel, Cazador en el alba y La venus mecánica 232 Capítulo 4. Mujer y literatura deportiva en la Edad de Plata: elogio del cuerpo, reivindicación social y erotismo 259 Breve historia de la relación entre mujer y deporte en la Edad de Plata 264 v La poesía ante la deportista: encarnación de la plenitud femenina o deleite estético para el hombre 285 La excepcionalidad de la deportista activa en la ficción narrativa 315 El deportista masculino erotizado por la mujer en la novela popular 321 Epílogo y conclusión: Literatura y deporte en el franquismo y la democracia 330 Obras citadas 352 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank a number of people who have made it possible for me to achieve my goals as a graduate student over the past five years. First and foremost are the professors who have worked with me from 2008 to the present. My mentors Roberta Johnson and Maite Zubiaurre put in long hours reading dissertation chapters and bringing to bear their knowledge of Spanish literature and culture. This project would not have been possible without their support and thoughtful suggestions. I am very grateful for their guidance, dedication and encouragement throughout my graduate career. I would also like to express my appreciation to the members of my dissertation committee—Professors Jesús Torrecilla, Jorge Marturano, and María Cristina Pons—for providing a stimulating atmosphere and for their comments. I would also like to thank various entities for travel grants, which made it possible for me to conduct archival research in Spain--the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of California, Los Angeles for the Ben and Rue Pine Travel Grant; the UCLA Center for European Studies; and the Program for Cultural Cooperation between the Spanish Ministry of Education and American Universities. In addition, I wish to express my appreciation to UCLA’s Graduate Division for a Dissertation Year Fellowship that allowed me to complete the thesis in a timely fashion. Finally, I could never have gotten to this stage of my studies without the tireless support over the years of my parents, Amparo and Miguel, and my brother, Miguel Ángel. vii EDUCATION 2008 M.A. in Spanish Literature, University of Hawaii 2002 B.A. in History, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain POSITIONS 2012 California State University, Long Beach Lecturer in Spanish Civilization 2008-2012 University of California, Los Angeles Teaching Assistant in Spanish Language and Culture 2011 Teaching Assistant for the UCLA Summer Study Abroad Program in Barcelona, Spain 2009 Teaching Assistant for the UCLA Summer Study Abroad Program in Granada, Spain 2006-2008 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, Teaching Assistant in Spanish Language and Culture 2005-2006 Duke University, Durham, NC, Lecturer in Romance Languages (one-year position) PAPERS DELIVERED AT CONFERENCES “Carmen la de Ronda: Una identidad paradójica en el cine español” University of Cincinnati Conference on Spanish Cinema, April 2012 “Rocio Jurado and Isabel Pantoja: A rivalry on the big screen”, MLA Annual Convention, January 2012 “Imagining a Sports Metaphysics: Gimenez Caballero’s Hercules jugando a los dados,” CUNY Graduate Student Conference, April 2011 “Cultura neopopular en El invierno en Lisboa de Antonio Muñoz Molina,” UCLA Graduate Student Conference, April 2010 “El poder del simulacro en la cultura popular española a través del análisis de algunas portadas de discos,” UCLA Graduate Student Conference, April 2009 viii SUBJECTS TAUGHT AT UCLA All levels of Spanish grammar Spanish 120C Contemporary Hispanic Literature (assistant to Professor Adriana Bergero) Spanish M42 Introduction to Hispanic Culture (assistant to Professor John Dagenais and Professor Torrecilla) Spanish 120 Introduction to Spanish Literature (assisted Professors Juan Jesus Payán and Roberta Johnson in designing this new course for the UCLA undergraduate Spanish major---selected texts, created PowerPoint presentations, made classroom presentations, conducted discussion sections, and graded all