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Ritualism and Its Rejection in Sikhism It Is Necessary for the Readers to Have Some Preliminary Knowledge of Both These Religions

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Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat jb lg Kwlsw rhy inAwrw qb lg qyj dyaUN mYN swrw[[ jb ieh ghyN ibprn kI rIq mY nw krUM ien kI pRqIq[[ (srb loh gRMQ, pw:10) “Jab lag Khalsa rahay niaara tab lag tej deoon mein saara, Jab ih gahein bipran kee reet mein na karoon in kee parteet”. (Sarb Loh Granth—Patshahi 10) Khalsa could progress only if it remained always distinguishable from the general mass of people by its behaviour and appearance. (Philosophy of Sikhism p.107, Sher Singh, published by SGPC Amritsar, March 1980). Akwl shwie Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 1 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat <siq gur pRswid > dyg qyg Pqih Rejection of Ritual Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee Reet) By Sikhism / Gumat Dr. Jagraj Singh Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 2 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat > <siq gur pRswid > dyg qyg Pqih dyg qyg Pqih Rejection of Ritual Brahmanical practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism / Gurmat Dr Jagraj Singh Publisher B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 3 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat jb lg Kwlsw rhy inAwrw qb lg qyj dyaUN mYN swrw[[ jb ieh ghyN ibprn kI rIq mY nw krUM ien kI pRqIq[[ (srb loh gRMQ, pw:10) “Jab lag Khalsa rahay niaara tab lag tej deoon mein saara, Jab ih gahein bipran kee reet mein na karoon in kee parteet”. (Sarb Loh Granth—Patshahi 10) Khalsa could progress only if it remained always distinguishable from the general mass of people by its behaviour and appearance. (Philosophy of Sikhism p.107, Sher Singh, published by SGPC Amritsar, March 1980). Akwl shwie Dr. Jagraj Singh Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 4 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat Rejection of Ritual Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism / Gurmat By Dr Jagraj Singh Copyright Dr Jagraj Singh ISBN: 978-93-84194-28-4 First Edition 2014 Price: Rs. 350-00 Seal Published by: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh Bazar Mai Sewan, Amritsar (India) Ph: 91-183-5011003, 2542346, 2547974 Fax: 0183-5017488 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.csjs.com The views expressed in this book are those of the author and not necessarily that of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for the views of the author and authenticity of the data, in any way whatsoever. Printed and bound in India by: Jeevan Printers, Amritsar (India). Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 5 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat Contents Preface Chapter1 A brief introduction to Sikhism and Hinduism Sikhism Sikh way of life Inner values of Sikhism The articles of Sikh faith The rationale behind the articles of faith of Sikhism Genesis of the Sikhs and Sikhism Chapter 2 The Hindu caste system and its rejection in Sikhism Pahul (Sikh Baptism ) for eradication of caste Evils of Caste system Proselytisation (religious conversion and Sikhism) Rejection of the Hindu concept of trinity of God and its symbol Oam (Å) in Sikhism Chapter 3 Hindu Karm Kanda and their rejection in Sikhism Categories of Hindu Karm Kanda Nitya Karma: Sandhya and its rejection in Sikhism Pooja, (offering to deities) and its rejection in Sikhism: Idol worship (Moorti Pooja / Butt Pooja) and its rejection in Sikhism Stone Worship (Saligram / Thakur Pooja) and its rejection in Sikhism Devi / Devta Pooja and its rejection in Sikhism Avtaar Pooja (Worship of Incarnations) and its rejection in Sikhism Rejection of Grave and Tomb Worship in Sikhism Jot Jagaoni-Holiness of lighting earthen ‘ wheat fflour lamps with desi ghee (clarifies better) in Hinduism and its rejection in Sikhism Superstition regarding special days, Good and bad omens and their rejection in Sikhism Rejection of Mon-varat (fast of speech) in Sikhism Panchmahayajnas of Hinduism and their rejection in Sikhism Namittika Karma The funeral rites of Hinduism and their rejection in Sikhism Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 6 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat Shradh—Memorial feasts and their rejection in Sikhism Astrology (Jyotish) Tap Chapter 4: Some Major beliefs of Hinduism and their rejection in Sikhism; Ishnan (Ritual bath) Tirath Ishnan (Ritual bathing at Places of Pilgrimage) and its rejection in Sikhism The Hindu Athsath Tirath Pooja and its rejection in Sikhism Dhan Daan / Punn Daan (Alms in charity) Mantras, Yantras, Tantras and Sikhism Jap Reading Scriptures and Sikhism Miracles, magic and Sikhism Pollution / Defilement—Sutak-Patak, Physical impurity / bhit—iB~t, Ritual purification / Such--su~c, superstition-Bharm (unfounded beliefs) of Hinduism and their rejection in Sikhism Chapter 5: Hypocrisy / Diguise (Pakhand / Bhekh) and its Rejection in Sikhism Janeu-Tag (Yagyopavit) and Sikhism Tilak (Tikka/ Bindi), Dhoti, Mala and Gurmat Rosery (Mala / Japni /Japmali) and its rejection in Sikhism Chapter : 6 Rejection of various concepts of Hinduism: Rejection of gender inequality in Sikhism Oankar and Sikhism The Hindu sign of invocation (Å) Oam / Aum) vesus the Sikh invocation < siqgur pRswid[[ Rejection of renunciation and Asceticism in Sikhism Rejection of Brahmacharya i.e celibacy in Sikhism Rejection of vegetarianism by Sikhism Chapter 7: Rejection of Yoga (Yogic philosophy) of Hinduism by Sikhism Chapter 8: Rejection of Authority of of Hindu scriptures in Sikhism Chapter 9: Un-Sikh and anti-Sikh practices of Hinduism and their rejection in Sikhism Chapter 10 Miscellaneous: Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 7 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat World seat of Sikhism The Sikh Homeland—Punjab Amritsar ‘theo-political capital of the Sikhs and Sikhism’ Punjabi—The Religious and National Langusge of the Sikh and Sikhism Punjabi Versus Sanskrit Origin of Sanskrit Punjabi versus Urdu as language in India Music in Sikhism GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS USED IN SIKHISM Bibliography Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 8 Rejection of Brahmanical Practices of Hinduism (Bipran kee reet) by Sikhism/Gurmat Preface The words Bip and Bipar mean Brahmin, whereas Bipran means Brahmins and Bipran kee reet means Brahmanical culture / ways / ideology. After the entry of the Aryans into the Indus Valley the Brahmins, as custodian, of spirituality and religion in the Indian subcontinent have been holding the central control of religious practices in Hinduism since their arrival in the Indus Valley. Hindu scriptures created by the Brahmins themselves, gave them high headedness of highest order and they reinterpreted the message of religious texts to their own advantage. They reserved the right to education for themselves. Only they were entitled to access to knowledge written in Vedas, shastras, simrities, purans and so on. The Brahmins only could perform prayers (Poojas) and could worship gods and goddesses for the benefit of the people. Their authority was unquestionable. Even the kings could not rule out their verdicts. Once a person was born as Brahmin, this was enough for him to enjoy the status of Barahmin. Whatever he learnt from his father was adequate to make him qualified for all his duties his ancestors were perorming. The Brahmins reserved the right to learn Sanskrit, the language of Vedas and othe scriptures, and learning the special Mantras for various occasions in a Hindu household. They designed occasions for birth, naming ceremonies, Janeu Sanskar (initiation ceremony), mundane ceremonies, shub mahoorats for opening new business set up, lagan cecremonies, special cecremonies for pregnant women (god bharai), mirtak Sanskar and so no. With the passage of time this class of unquestionable lot was stupefied with greed and power. They divided the society into four Varnas (Jatis ie, castes) and life into four Ashrams (stages). They were protectorates of religious institutions. They made rules for entry to the places of worship. They denied this fundamental right to worship to a very significant majority of so called Ashoots (untouchables). They spread the virus of hatred in the minds of other upper castes in the society. These deprived people were forced to do all menial jobs for the benfit of upper classes in the society. In return they were neither paid for any kind of work they did for them nor rewarded in any way. Hatred and abuse was the only reward given to their several generations throughout India. Brahmins on the contrary were treated like gods. Their visits to the residences was considered as divine blessing on the family. Hindu way of routine life was guided and controlled by this highly placed class of Brahmins. Some of the injunctions of Manu the Hindu law giver as laid down in his Manu Simriti are given here: During the days of distress and destitution, the members of a caste can engage in the work of lower caste, but under no circumstances is he to undertake the work of the higher caste. (Chapter X/99-100) The Shudra is forbidden to study, the Vedas, the Shastras aand the scriptures (Chapter x/127-128) It is reprehensible for a Brahmin to study the Vedas before a Shudra (Chapter IV/99) The Shudra should be fed the left overs of his master’s food and clothed with his tattered and discarded dress (Chapter X/25). The Shudra is not allowed to amass wealth (Chapter x/129). If a Shudra abuses a man of higher caste, his tongue should be cut off (Chapter viii). If a Shudra sits near a Brahmin on the same floor, the flesh of his bottoms should be sheared off (Chapter viii/281). If a Shudra talks of religious matters to a Brahmin, molten lead or boiling oil be poured in his mouth and ears (Chapter viii/272) The atonement for the killing of a Shudra is the same as that for killing of a cat or a dog or a frog or a lizard or any other animal.
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  • Diploma in Gurmat Sangeet

    Diploma in Gurmat Sangeet

    DIPLOMA IN GURMAT SANGEET ACADEMIC POLICY/ORDINANCES Objectives of the Course : An Online initiative by Gurmat Sangeet Chair - Department of Gurmat Sangeet, Punjabi University, Patiala to disseminate the message of Sikh Gurus through Gurmukhi, Gurmat Studies and Gurmat Sangeet at global level. Duration of the Course : Two Semester Eligibility : The candidate must have passed Certificate Course in Gurmat Sangeet in the same stream Medium of Instruction : English & Punjabi Medium of Examination : English & Punjabi Fees for the Course : On admission in the course a candidate shall have to pay Admission fees (including Examination Fee) as given below Admission Fee : 300US$ (15,000/- INR) upto 30th June st With Late Fee 350US$ (17,500/- INR) upto 31 July With Late Fee 450US$ (22,500/- INR) and with the st special permission of Vice Chancellor upto 31 August SCHEME OF THE COURSE FOR SPRING SEMESTER Compulsory/ Papers Paper Code Title of the Papers Elective Compulsory Paper I DGS 301 Historical Study of Sikhism Papers Paper III DGS 302 Gurbani Santhya DGS 303 Musicology of Gurmat Sangeet Vocal Tradition Elective Paper II DGS 304 Musicology of Gurmat Sangeet String Instrumental Tradition Papers DGS 305 Musicology of Gurmat Sangeet Percussion Instrumental Tradition (Jorhi/Tabla) DGS 306 Stage Performance of Shabad Keertan Elective Paper IV DGS 307 Stage Performance of String Instruments Papers DGS 308 Stage Performance of Percussion Instrumental (Jorhi/Tabla) 1 HISTORICAL STUDY OF SIKHISM (Paper I - DGS 301) 1. Contribution of Ten Guru in Propagation of Sikhism 2. Contributors of Bhai Mardana ji, Baaba Budha ji, Bhai Gurdas ji, and Bhai Nand lal ji in Sikh History.