Shri Guru Nanak Dev Life, Travels and Teachings Other Books by the Author
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Shri Guru Nanak Dev Life, Travels and Teachings Other Books by the Author The other books by the author, Dr. G.S. Chauhan are: 1. Guru Nanak Dev's Japji Sahib. 2. Guru Arjan Dev's Sukhmani Sahib 3. Bani of Bhagats 4. The Gospel of the Sikh Gurus 5. Rahras & Kirtan Sohila 6. Nitnem All these books are being distributed 'free of cost' among the general public by the All India Pingalwara Charitable Society (Regd.), Amritsar. Shri Guru Nanak Dev Life, Travels and Teachings Dr G.S. Chauhan Dr Meenakshi Rajan Publisher : Dr. Inderjit Kaur President All India Pingalwara Charitable Society (Regd.) Amritsar Shri Guru Nanak Dev Life, Travels and Teachings by Dr. G.S. Chauhan Dr. Meenakshi Rajan © Writer March : 2012 ISBN: 978-81-923150-1-0 Publisher : Dr. Inderjit Kaur President All India Pingalwara Charitable Society (Regd.) Amritsar Printed at: Printwell 146, Industrial Focal Point, Amritsar Dedication This Humble effort to describe Shri Guru Nanak Dev's Life, Travels and Teachings is dedicated to the great saint of twentieth century, Bhagat Puran Singh, founder of All India Pingalwara Charitable Society (Regd.) Amritsar. It was due to his blessings when I met him in July 1991 that an ignorant person like me could study and understand Gurbani and write about the Guru' teachings. Bhagat Puran Singh was a great soul and even now, he guides and removes suffering of those who help his mission of running Pingalwara. I have seen that in many cases, when some people sent donations with full faith, their diseases were cured and problems solved. I pray that Bhagat Ji may kindly bless the readers of this book with Divine Name and faith in God. Contents Foreword 7 Introduction 9 Chapter 1: Life, Travels and Teachings of Shri Guru Nanak Dev Birth and Childhood. 23 Chapter 2: At Sultanpur Lodhi 38 Chapter 3: Guru Nanak’s First Long Travel (Udasi) 56 Chapter 4: Guru Ji’s Second Long Travel (Udasi) 127 Chapter 5: Guru Ji’s Third Long Travel of North and North East 172 Chapter 6: Guru Ji’s Fourth Long Travel in Western Direction 219 Chapter 7: Settling at Kartarpur 262 Annexure 1: Shri Guru Granth Sahib 298 Annexure 2 : Sidh Gosht 318 Annexure 3 : Glossary of spiritual terms. 336 Foreword To write a biographical account of a great seer of the stature of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji is really a difficult task. The author, Dr. G.S. Chauhan and his illustrious daughter and co- author Dr. Meenakshi Rajan have referred to various available sources of information such as Puratan Janamsakhi, Bhai Bala's Janamsakhi, Bhai Mani Singh's Janamsakhi, Meharban's Janamsakhi, Bhai Gurdas's Vars, Dr. Kirpal Singh's book, 'Janamsakhi Tradition', etc. Dr. Chauhan being a senior functionary of the Indian Railways has extensively travelled through the length and breadth of the country. Having remained posted in North Eastern India from 1958 to 1972 A.D., he is quite conversant with the people and places of the region visited by the great Guru during his long and famous travels throughout India and abroad. Influenced and fascinated by this aspect, Dr. G.S. Chauhan and the co-author have taken special interest to update travels and teachings of the Guru with the help of new information made available by an army officer Col. Dr. D.S. Grewal about the Guru's visit to Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim and north eastern states, Ladakh, etc. They have also made use of the excellent research on Janamsakhi literature by Dr. Kirpal Singh in his book 'Janamsakhi Tradition'. Thus, the authors have given a new dimension to their book 'Shri Guru Nanak Dev— Life, Travels and Teachings'. The readers will find that there are 76 quotations of Gurbani in this book. The authors want to connect the readers with Guru Ji's original Bani so that it creates an interest for the study of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. 7 Annexure 1 at the end is a very good introduction to the contents of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Annexure 2 is the translation of 'Sidh Gosht' which records the Guru's discussions with the yogis at 'Achal Vatala'. This will clarify many doubts about the spiritual path. Another special feature of the book is details of Guru Ji's visit to Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Ladakh, etc. Since these are difficult areas, not frequented by most Sikh scholars and historians, there was hardly any record about Guru Ji's visits to these areas in the past. It is hoped that the readers in general and the non-punjabi- knowing ones in particular would make the most of the labour put in by the authors and enrich their knowledge about the Guru. The authors deserve a special appreciation of the prospective readers for the missionary zeal and the selfless effort put in by them since there is no profit motive and the book is being printed and published under the aegis of the All India Pingalwara Charitable Society (Regd.), Amritsar and distrib- uted free of cost among the general public. We, in Pingalwara, are therefore all praise for this cause of the authors and wish them all the very best in their lives. Last, but not the least, I am thankful to the authors for giving me the responsibility of getting the book printed. My thanks are also due to Dr. Inderjit Kaur, Patron President, Pingalwara for giving her gracious nod in this noble cause. Ar. Mukhtar Singh Goraya, Hony. Secretary, Pingalwara, Amritsar. rR 8 Introduction As Guru Nanak Dev did not write his autobiography, now we have to depend upon the writings of holy persons written long after Guru Ji’s time. The earliest reliable written record is by Bhai Gurdas who was son of Guru Amar Das’s brother and uncle of Guru Arjan Dev; a great scholar in his own right. Guru Arjan Dev selected him as the scribe for compiling Guru Granth Sahib. Although the compositions of Bhai Gurdas were not included in Guru Granth Sahib, but Guru Arjan Dev honoured them by saying that these can be sung in Harimandir Sahib at Amritsar and these are explanation of the Holy Granth. Bhai Gurdas’s first and the eleventh Vaars (ballad) give cryptic information about Guru Nanak Dev’s travels and the people he met. These can be taken as most reliable as there were persons like Baba Budha who had seen Guru Nanak’s time and were Bhai Gurdas’s close associates. The 11th Vaar of Bhai Gurdas gives names of the devotees of Guru Nanak Dev and up to the time of Guru Har Gobind Sahib. Bhai Mani Singh, a close associate of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth master is said to have requested Guru Gobind Singh that Bahi Gurdas's Var has only given details of these devotees, the questions they asked from Guru Ji and the stories of their good deeds are not known. Guru Gobind Singh then related these details which were recorded by Bhai Mani Singh in his book “Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala”. It has been translated into English as “Gospel of the Sikh Gurus” by the author and it is being distributed by All India Pingalwara Charitable Society (Regd.) Amritsar free of cost. 9 Available Sources of Information. Other information about Guru Nanak Dev’s life is available in the Janamsakhis. It appears that the purpose of writing the Janamsakhis was neither to record history nor to provide exegesis of Gurbani of Guru Nanak. The real motive was to transmit information to the younger generation about the “wonderful” personality of Guru Nanak and to tell them that Guru Nanak revealed to the world a unique and enlightened faith that preached the doctrine of unity and supremacy of God, True Name and selfless service. Thus the Janamsakhi literature presents a religio- legendry literature wherein ingredients of historical evidence lie deep underneath. There are four of the Janamsakhis:- 1) Puratan Janamsakhi. This is also called Villayat Wali Janamsakhi. Bhai Veer Sigh, a great scholar saint, discovered an old manuscript; edited it and got it printed in Gurmukhi script. It is believed to have been written some time during the time of Guru Har Gobind Sahib. It is available from Bhai Veer Singh Sahitya Sadan, Bhai Veer Singh Marg. New Delhi -1. 2) Bhai Bala Janamsakhi. This Janamsakhi is the Hindali version of Guru Nanak’s tradition. It mentions all accounts as eye witness accounts of one imaginary person named Bhai Bala. There is no mention of Bhai Bala in any other Janamsakhi or works of Bhai Gurdas. Hindal was a devotee of Guru Amar Das who became prominent during the pontificate of Guru Ram Das. For his devotion and dedicated service, he was blessed by the Guru as a Masand (a preacher-deputy). He settled at his native village, Jandiala in Amritsar district. He made many disciples who came to be known as Hindalis or Niranjanias. After his 10 death, his son, Bidhi Chand deviated from the Guru’s path and his few followers became a heretical sect. It is believed that it was during the period of Bidhi Chand that those of his followers compiled a Granth and a Janamsakhi with a view to extol Hindal and denigrate the founder Sikh Guru. (M.A. Macauliffe: The Sikh Religion: Vol: I) The material given in this Janamsakhi is very chaotic and misleading. There are numerous versions of Bala Janamsakhi but none appears to be authentic. 3) Bhai Mani Singh’s Janamsakhi or Gyan Ratnawali. Bhai Mani Singh told the congregation that when Guru Granth Sahib had been compiled, the Sikhs made a request to Guru Arjan Dev that since there was no recorded tradition, it was apprehended that the devotees might be misled by some unbecoming narrative getting into the tradition of Guru Nanak Dev.