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Puolustusvoimat 100 Vuotta
KYLKIRAUTA kylkirauta.fi 2/2018 Puolustusvoimat 100 vuotta pääkirjoitus Sata vuotta isänmaan turvana ja yhteisöllisyyden edistäjänä uolustusvoimien satavuotista tarvetta vastaavasti. Maanpuolustuksella taivalta on juhlittu ja muisteltu on kattava kansan tuki, ja Puolustusvoi- PSuomen itsenäisyyden satavuo- miin luotetaan. Varusmiespalvelus on tisjuhlien tapaan useissa tapahtumissa. valmentavaa, yksilöiden kokonaisval- Tapahtumien monipuolisuus ja alueelli- taista kehittämistä tukevaa koulutusta, nen kattavuus on suunniteltu huolella, ja joka tuottaa silti tärkeimmän elementin vastaanotto on ollut erittäin myönteinen. eli toimivat sodan ajan joukot. Tässä Kylkiraudan Puolustusvoimien Puolustusvoimat on yleisen ase- satavuotisteemanumerossa käsitellään velvollisuuden toimeenpanijana myös useita näkökulmia, joita täysi vuosisata tärkeä yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttaja ja yh- on kirvoittanut. Puolustusvoimien tänä teisöllisyyden edistäjä. Mutta kattaako se päivänä nauttima luottamus ja kiinnostus riittävästi koko yhteiskunnan? osoittavat, että juhlaan on aihetta. Yhteisöllisyyden lisäksi asevelvol- Itsenäisen Suomen Puolustusvoi- lisuuden yhdenvertaisuuskysymykset ja mat rakennettiin nopeasti vapaussodan kehittäminen ovat nousseet aika ajoin jul- jälkeen. Ensimmäiset suunnitelmat kiseen keskusteluun. Niitä tuotiin esille laadittiin ja tarvittavat esikunnat ja toukokuun lopussa julkaistussa selvityk- joukko-osastot perustettiin saksalaisten sessä kansalaispalveluksesta. ohjauksessa. Puolustusministeriö aloitti Selvitys esittää kutsuntoja koko toimintansa. -
1 Capitalism Under Attack: Economic Elites and Social Movements in Post
Capitalism under attack: Economic elites and social movements in post-war Finland Niklas Jensen-Eriksen Author’s Accepted Manuscript Published as: Jensen-Eriksen N. (2018) Capitalism Under Attack: Economic Elites and Social Movements in Post-War Finland. In: Berger S., Boldorf M. (eds) Social Movements and the Change of Economic Elites in Europe after 1945. Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77197-7_11 Introduction For Finland, the post-war era began in September 1944 when it switched sides in the Second World War. The country, which had fought alongside Germany against the Soviet Union from the summer of 1941 onwards, was now left within the Soviet sphere of influence.1 In this altered political situation, new social movements, in particular those led by communists and other leftist activists, challenged the existing economic and political order. However, this article argues that the traditional economic elites were remarkably successful in defending their interests. When the ‘years of danger’, as the period 1944–48 has been called in Finland, ended, it remained a country with traditional Western-style parliamentary democracy and a capitalist economic system. Before the parliamentary elections of 1945, Finnish Prime Minister J.K. Paasikivi, the main architect of the country’s new foreign policy (which was based on the attempt to maintain warm relations with the Soviet Union), urged voters to elect ‘new faces’ to Parliament.2 The voters did so. A new communist-dominated political party, the Finnish People’s Democratic League (Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL) received a quarter of the seats. -
RUSSO-FINNISH RELATIONS, 1937-1947 a Thesis Presented To
RUSSO-FINNISH RELATIONS, 1937-1947 A Thesis Presented to the Department of History Carroll College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Academic Honors with a B.A. Degree In History by Rex Allen Martin April 2, 1973 SIGNATURE PAGE This thesis for honors recognition has been approved for the Department of History. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge thankfully A. Patanen, Attach^ to the Embassy of Finland, and Mrs. Anna-Malja Kurlkka of the Library of Parliament in Helsinki for their aid in locating the documents used In my research. For his aid In obtaining research material, I wish to thank Mr. H. Palmer of the Inter-Library Loan Department of Carroll College. To Mr. Lang and to Dr. Semmens, my thanks for their time and effort. To Father William Greytak, without whose encouragement, guidance, and suggestions this thesis would never have been completed, I express my warmest thanks. Rex A. Martin 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... v I. 1937 TO 1939 ........................................................................................ 1 II. 1939 TO1 940.................................................... 31 III. 1940 TO1 941............................................................................................. 49 IV. 1941 TO1 944 ......................................................................................... 70 V. 1944 TO 1947 ........................................................................................ -
Uppsala Universite Sbibliotek
FÖRTECKNING ÖVER ÅRSBÖCKER UTGIVNA SEDAN 1972: 1972: 127. Elo.f Lindälv. Om fy nden på vinden i Majornas växelunderv isningsskola. 128. Två studier i den svenska fli r.kskolans historia: Gunhi/d Kyle, Svensk nickskola under 1800-taletGunnar Herrström Frågor rörande högre skolutbildning för niekor vid 1928 års riksdag 1973: 129. Wilhelm Sjös/rand, Freedom and Equality as fundamental Educational Principles in Western Democracy .From John Locke to Edmund Burke l JO. Thor Nordin, Växelundervisningens allmänna utveckling och dess utformning i Sverige till omkring 18JO 1974: l J l. Comenius ·självbiografi l J2. Yngwe Löwegren, Naturaliesamlingar och naturhistorisk undervisning vid läroverken 1975: l JJ. Henrik Elmgren, Trivialskolan i Jönköping 1649-1820 ' l J4. Elisabelir Dahr. lönköpings flickskolor 1976: l J5. Sven Askeberg, Pedagogisk reformverksamhet. Ett bidrag till den svenska skolpolitikens historia 1810-1825 l J6. Eynar Li(ia m .fl, Klasslärarutbildningen i Linköping 184J-1968 l J7. Sigurd Ås1rand, Reallinjens uppkomst och utveckling fram till 1878 1977: l J8. Högre allmänna läroverket för flickor i Göteborg 1929- 66. Kjellbergska gymnasiet 1966- 72 l J9. lngar Bra/l, Engelskul)dervisningens framväxt i Sverige. Tiden före 1850 140. Thor~iöm Lengborn, En studie i Ellen Keys pedagogiska tänkande främst med utgångspunkt från "Barnets århundrade" 1978: 141. Mall i A Sainio, Dissertationen und Orationen der U niversität Dorpat 1632-1656 142. Gusla/ Kaleen, Fackundervisningen vid våra folkskoleseminarier 1865-1914 1979: 14 J . Arvid G:son E/g, Härnösands gymnasiebibliotek 1790 144. Felix lnnergård, En skolkavalkad 1980: 145. Karl Larsson, Från C-skolan till Prästgymnasiet 146. Elisabelir Dahr, Sveriges högre nickskolors lärarförbund och dess föregångare 147. -
Soldiering and the Making of Finnish Manhood
Soldiering and the Making of Finnish Manhood Conscription and Masculinity in Interwar Finland, 1918–1939 ANDERS AHLBÄCK Doctoral Thesis in General History ÅBO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY 2010 © Anders Ahlbäck Author’s address: History Dept. of Åbo Akademi University Fabriksgatan 2 FIN-20500 Åbo Finland e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-952-12-2508-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-12-2509-3 (pdf) Printed by Uniprint, Turku Table of Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Images and experiences of conscripted soldiering 1 1.2 Topics in earlier research: The militarisation of modern masculinity 8 1.3 Theory and method: Conscription as a contested arena of masculinity 26 1.4 Demarcation: Soldiering and citizenship as homosocial enactments 39 2 The politics of conscription 48 2.1 Military debate on the verge of a revolution 52 2.2 The Civil War and the creation of the “White Army” 62 2.3 The militiaman challenging the cadre army soldier 72 2.4 From public indignation to closing ranks around the army 87 2.5 Conclusion: Reluctant militarisation 96 3 War heroes as war teachers 100 3.1 The narrative construction of the Jägers as war heroes 102 3.2 Absent women and distant domesticity 116 3.3 Heroic officers and their counter-images 118 3.4 Forgetfulness in the hero myth 124 3.5 The Jäger officers as military educators 127 3.6 Conclusion: The uses of war heroes 139 4 Educating the citizen-soldier 146 4.1 Civic education and the Suomen Sotilas magazine 147 4.2 The man-soldier-citizen amalgamation 154 4.3 History, forefathers and the spirit of sacrifice -
Mannerheim Ja Suomen Kenraalikunnan Palkitseminen Kunniamerkein 1940–1945
MANNERHEIM JA SUOMEN KENRAALIKUNNAN PALKITSEMINEN KUNNIAMERKEIN 1940–1945 ANTTI MATIKKALA Kirjoittaja on Doctor of Philosophy ja kirjoittaa Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikuntien historiaa ABSTRACT The article analyses how Mannerheim War. The oak leaf, which could be added rewarded Finnish generals in the period to the Cross of Liberty for distinguished 1940–1945 with the Crosses of Liberty and front-line or leadership achievements, was the insignia of the Orders of the White introduced in August 1941 and it solved Rose of Finland and of the Lion of Finland many award problems. – or left undecorated. As contextual In Mannerheim’s view, the Cross of borderline cases, the survey includes Liberty 1st Class was a ‘distinguishing badge six colonels, who were not promoted of a high-ranking leader’. It was given fifty to generals during the war, but received times with swords to Finnish recipients for honours of the general rank level. the merits during the Winter War. During This highlights the use of honours as the Continuation War 1941–1944, it was compensation for the delayed or unreceived no longer a decoration for general officers: promotion to the rank of general. only one Finnish general and one admiral Generals were honoured for their received it. Finally, even the Cross of Liberty merits during the Winter War 1939– 1st Class with swords and oak leaf was 1940 only after the war. The Crosses predominantly a decoration for colonels. of Liberty that Mannerheim gave as the Out of its 44 Finnish recipients, seven were commander-in-chief to the Winter War major generals. -
Pdf På Finska
ITSETEHOSTUKSESTA NÖYRYYTEEN SUOMENSAKSALAISET 1933–46 Lars Westerlund Kansikuva: Korkean tason saksalais-suomalaista kanssakäymistä presidentinlinnassa huhtikuussa 1938. Vasemmalta kenraali Rüdiger von der Goltz, presidentti Kyösti Kallio, marsalkka Gustaf Mannerheim ja Saksan Suomen lähettiläs Wipert von Blücher. Erik von Frenckellin kokoelma. Svenska Litteratursällskapet Kansallisarkisto 2011 Tekninen toimitus: Jyri Taskinen Painopaikka: Oy Nord Print Ab, Helsinki 2011 ISBN 978-951-53-3373-5 2 SISÄLLYS JOHDANTO ................................................................................................. 6 Tarkoitus ja jäsentely ................................................................................. 6 Suomen saksalaisyhteisö ............................................................................ 7 Aikaisempi tutkimus ................................................................................ 21 Käytetty arkisto- ja lehtiaineisto .............................................................. 37 YHDISTYKSET .......................................................................................... 41 Suomen Saksalainen Siirtokunta – Die Deutsche Kolonie ...................... 41 Saksalaisen Siirtokunnan jäsenistö 1935–42 ........................................... 57 NSDAP:n Suomen puoluejärjestö ............................................................ 70 Deutscher Verein Helsingissä .................................................................. 93 Deutscher Frauenverein ........................................................................ -
FINLAND's RELATIONS with the SOVIET UNION, 1940-1952 By
FINLAND'S RELATIONS WITH THE SOVIET UNION, 1940-1952 by HANS PETER KROSBY B.A., University of British Columbia, 1955 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES We accept this Thesis as conforming to the required standard: UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April, 1958 ABSTRACT In March 194-0, Finland had just completed another life and death struggle with the Soviet Union, the second such struggle since Bolshevik autocracy- replaced Tsarist autocracy in Russia in 1917. During the following fifteen months, Soviet diplomacy endeavoured to complete the job which the Red Army had "begun. By a unilateral and extremely liberal interpretation of the Peace Treaty of March 12, 1940, the Soviet Union tried to isolate Finland from her other neighbours and to establish a favourable basis for a complete annexation of Finland in the manner of the three Baltic States. Surrounded by Soviet and German military might, and noticing the increasing friction in the Nazi-Soviet alliance, Finland, in order to save herself from an imminent Soviet invasion, grasped the only straw which seemed to offer some hope: a transit agreement for German troops from Finland's Bothnian coast to Kirkenes in oc• cupied Norway. The resulting presence of German troops in the country did save Finland from becoming the seventeenth Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940 or 194-1* but it also involved her deeply in the Nazi-Soviet conflict which followed. When Germany attacked the Soviet Union in June 194-1, Finland tried in vain to have her neutrality respected, and she was attacked by Soviet forces three days after the German aggression. -
Time Period Determination of the Kuril Ainu's Major Withdrawal from Kamchatka
Time period determination of the Kuril Ainu’s major withdrawal from Kamchatka TAKASE Katsunori1 ABSTRACT The Kuril Ainu are the indigenous people of the Northern and Central Kuril Islands. Although Russian documents have suggested that these people also occupied Sothern Kamchatka, the time period and habitation area in Kamchatka have been poorly understood. However, recent archaeological studies have shown that they emerged in the 15th century AD and occupied not only the Kuril Islands but also a wide area of Southern Kamchatka. Moreover, such studies have indicated that their habitation area in Kamchatka rapidly decreased from the mid-17th to 18th centuries AD. Because the precise time period of their departure remains to be revealed, the present study determines when the Kuril Ainu withdrew from Kamchatka, based on new materials collected from Southeastern Kamchatka. According to the results, the Kuril Ainu’s habitation area in Kamchatka rapidly decreased in the early 18th century AD. During that time, the northern boundary of the Kuril Ainu’s habitation area on the east coast of the peninsula shifted 350 km south from Kronotsky Bay to Vestnik Bay, whereas there was no significant change on the west coast. KEYWORDS: Kuril Ainu, Kamchatka, Naiji pottery, Nalychevo Culture, Tar’ya Culture 1. Introduction The Kuril Ainu are regarded as the indigenous people of the Northern and Central Kuril Islands, according to the Japanese documents recorded in the late 18th and 19th centuries AD (e.g. Torii 1903, 1919). However, Russian documents from the late 17th to mid-18th centuries AD have shown that they inhabited not only the Kuril Islands but also the Southern Kamchatka (Krasheninnikov 1755; Steller 1774; Ogloblin 1891). -
The History of Exchange Between Korea and Sweden in the Early 20Th Century
Hyojin Lee The History of Exchange between Korea and Sweden in the Early 20th Century Introduction How were the cultural exchanges between Korea and the West during the colonial period? Culture in the colonial period is arguably focused on the inner situation: under Japanese rule and their cultural policy, and Korean people’s reactions and struggle toward a modern society. Rela- tionships with other countries are also researched in very limited cases. The very beginning of the exchanges between Korea and Western countries is based on travelers’ records including Hendrick Hamel (1630- 1692), Siegfried Genthe (1870-1904) and Isabella Bird Bishop (1831-1904). On the other hand, there are envoy records of meetings with Westerners, mostly missionaries, in Beijing (Shin 2006; Lee 2016). In the end of the Chosôn period, Western ships were anchored, and Korea had an ‘official’ contact and treaties between Korea and the West before the annexation in 1910. There are also missionaries who established schools and hospitals in Korea. During the colonial period, Korea didn’t talk about diplomacy anymore, and only the Korean provisional government had some contact with other countries. The shape of relationships and connections with the outside world became more individual and private. Foreign countries are portrayed in records written by individuals who visited America or Europe such as Yu Kilchun (1856-1914) and Na Hyesŏk (1896-1948) (Hwang 2009). There is some research about Korean intellectuals’ per- ception of Western culture and knowledge and their personal connec- tions (Lee 2009; Hoffmann and Schirmer 2015-). Additionally, there were some exchanges of people through the networks of Christian commu- nities. -
Polarforskningssekretariatet
Polarforskningssekretariatet Polarforskningssekretariatet är en statlig myndighet med uppgift att främja och samordna svensk polarforskning. Det innebär bl.a. att följa och planera forskning och utvecklingsarbete samt organisera och genomföra forskningsexpeditioner i Arktis och Antarktis. Polarforskningssekretariatet är förvaltningsmyndighet för lagen (1993:1614) om Antarktis och prövar frågor om tillstånd för vistelse eller verksamhet i enlighet med lagen. The task of the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat is to promote and co-ordinate Swedish polar research. This means e.g. to follow and plan research and development and to organise and lead research expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Swedish Polar Research Secretariat The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat is the administrative authority for the Act on Antarctica (1993:1614) and handles permit issues for visits or activities in accordance with the Act. ISSN 1402-2613 ISBN 91-973879-5-9 Årsbok Årsbok Yearbook 2005 Yearbook Yearbook Polarforskningssekretariatet Swedish Polar Research Secretariat 2005 Årsbok Yearbook 2005 Polarforskningssekretariatet Swedish Polar Research Secretariat © Polarforskningssekretariatet 2006 Foto Kartor Redaktör Sofia Rickberg Dan Hammarlund Omslag Stig Söderlind Produktion och grafisk form Jerhammar & Co Reklambyrå AB Lena Barnekow s. 2-3 Tryck Elanders Gotab AB Joakim Hjältén s. 4, 115, 155 Polarforskningssekretariatet s. 4 Polarforskningssekretariatet Martin Jakobsson s. 4, 7, 11, 13 Box 50003 Bodil Elmhagen s. 4, 11 104 05 Stockholm Angela Wulff s. 4 Tel 08-673 96 00 Henrik Kylin s. 5 Fax 08-15 20 57 Thomas Alerstam s. 6 e-post [email protected] Åke Lindström s. 8 webbplats www.polar.se Jonas Bonnedahl s. 10 Björn Eriksson s. 12, 14, 15, 16 ISSN 1402-2613 Stock Photo, Ablestock s. -
Henkilöstön Johtaminen Valkeakosken Tehdasyhteisössä Rudolf Ja Juuso Waldenin Aikakaudella 1924–1969 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES in HUMANITIES 193
JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 193 Kaj Tapani Raiskio Henkilöstön johtaminen Valkeakosken tehdasyhteisössä Rudolf ja Juuso Waldenin aikakaudella 1924–1969 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 193 Kaj Tapani Raiskio Henkilöstön johtaminen Valkeakosken tehdasyhteisössä Rudolf ja Juuso Waldenin aikakaudella 1924–1969 Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi historian ja etnologian laitoksen salissa H320 joulukuun 14. päivänä 2012 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Jyväskylä, in the building Historica, hall H320, on December 14, 2012 at 12 o'clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2012 Henkilöstön johtaminen Valkeakosken tehdasyhteisössä Rudolf ja Juuso Waldenin aikakaudella 1924–1969 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 193 Kaj Tapani Raiskio Henkilöstön johtaminen Valkeakosken tehdasyhteisössä Rudolf ja Juuso Waldenin aikakaudella 1924–1969 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2012 Editors Petri Karonen Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Sini Tuikka Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities Editorial Board Editor in Chief Heikki Hanka, Department of Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Petri Karonen, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Paula Kalaja, Department of Languages, University of Jyväskylä Petri Toiviainen, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä Tarja Nikula, Centre for Applied