Origem Da Pintura Do Lutador Matipu
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Mitos E Outras Narrativas Kamayura
Mitos e outras narrativas Kamayura Pedro Agostinho SciELO Books / SciELO Livros / SciELO Libros AGOSTINHO, P. Mitos e outras narrativas Kamayura [online]. 2nd ed. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2009, 210p. ISBN 978-85-232-1203-2. Available from SciELO Books <http://books.scielo.org>. All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0. Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0. MITOS E OUTRAS NARRATIVAS KAMAYURÁ UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Reitor Naomar Monteiro de Almeida-Filho Vice-Reitor Francisco José Gomes Mesquita EDITORA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Diretora Flávia Goullart Mota Garcia Rosa Conselho Editorial Titulares Ângelo Szaniecki Perret Serpa Caiuby Alves da Costa Charbel Ninõ El-Hani Dante Eustachio Lucchesi Ramacciotti José Teixeira Cavalcante Filho Maria do Carmo Soares Freitas Suplentes Alberto Brum Novaes Antônio Fernando Guerreiro de Freitas Armindo Jorge de Carvalho Bião Evelina de Carvalho Sá Hoisel Cleise Furtado Mendes Maria Vidal de Negreiros Camargo PEDRO AGOSTINHO MITOS E OUTRAS NARRATIVAS KAMAYURÁ 2a edição EDUFBA Salvador, 2009 ©2009, By Pedro Agostinho Direitos de edição cedidos à Editora da Universidade Federal da Bahia - EDUFBA Feito o depósito legal. Revisão Rosa Virgínia Mattos e Silva Editoração Eletrônica e Capa Rodrigo Oyarzábal Schlabitz Sistema de Bibliotecas - UFBA Agostinho, Pedro. Mitos e outras narrativas Kamayura / Pedro Agostinho. - 2a edição - Salvador: EDUFBA, 2009. 210 p. ISBN: 978-85-232-0590-4 1. -
Peoples in the Brazilian Amazonia Indian Lands
Brazilian Demographic Censuses and the “Indians”: difficulties in identifying and counting. Marta Maria Azevedo Researcher for the Instituto Socioambiental – ISA; and visiting researcher of the Núcleo de Estudos em População – NEPO / of the University of Campinas – UNICAMP PEOPLES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA INDIAN LANDS source: Programa Brasil Socioambiental - ISA At the present moment there are in Brazil 184 native language- UF* POVO POP.** ANO*** LÍNG./TRON.**** OUTROS NOMES***** Case studies made by anthropologists register the vital events of a RO Aikanã 175 1995 Aikanã Aikaná, Massaká, Tubarão RO Ajuru 38 1990 Tupari speaking peoples and around 30 who identify themselves as “Indians”, RO Akunsu 7 1998 ? Akunt'su certain population during a large time period, which allows us to make RO Amondawa 80 2000 Tupi-Gurarani RO Arara 184 2000 Ramarama Karo even though they are Portuguese speaking. Two-hundred and sixteen RO Arikapu 2 1999 Jaboti Aricapu a few analyses about their populational dynamics. Such is the case, for RO Arikem ? ? Arikem Ariken peoples live in ‘Indian Territories’, either demarcated or in the RO Aruá 6 1997 Tupi-Mondé instance, of the work about the Araweté, made by Eduardo Viveiros de RO Cassupá ? ? Português RO/MT Cinta Larga 643 1993 Tupi-Mondé Matétamãe process of demarcation, and also in urban areas in the different RO Columbiara ? ? ? Corumbiara Castro. In his book (Araweté: o povo do Ipixuna – CEDI, 1992) there is an RO Gavião 436 2000 Tupi-Mondé Digüt RO Jaboti 67 1990 Jaboti regions of Brazil. The lands of some 30 groups extend across national RO Kanoe 84 1997 Kanoe Canoe appendix with the populational data registered by others, since the first RO Karipuna 20 2000 Tupi-Gurarani Caripuna RO Karitiana 360 2000 Arikem Caritiana burder, for ex.: 8,500 Ticuna live in Peru and Colombia while 32,000 RO Kwazá 25 1998 Língua isolada Coaiá, Koaiá contact with this people in 1976. -
Deductions Suggested by the Geographcial Distribution of Some
Deductions suggested by the geographcial distribution of some post-Columbian words used by the Indians of S. America, by Erland Nordenskiöld. no.5 Nordenskiöld, Erland, 1877-1932. [Göteborg, Elanders boktryckeri aktiebolag, 1922] http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.32000000635047 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google This work is deemed to be in the public domain in the United States of America. It may not be in the public domain in other countries. Copies are provided as a preservation service. Particularly outside of the United States, persons receiving copies should make appropriate efforts to determine the copyright status of the work in their country and use the work accordingly. It is possible that heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes. Generated for Eduardo Ribeiro (University of Chicago) on 2011-12-10 23:30 GMT / Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Generated for Eduardo Ribeiro -
Atassinari KARIPUNAS
KARIPUNAS” E “BRASILEIROS” A TRAJETÓRIA DE DOIS TERMOS Uma contribuição à história indígena da região do baixo Rio Oiapoque Antonella Maria Imperatriz Tassinari GT: Etnologia Indígena XXI Encontro Anual da ANPOCS Caxambu, 27 a 31 de outubro de 1998. “KARIPUNAS” E “BRASILEIROS” A TRAJETÓRIA DE DOIS TERMOS 1 “... a objetivação etnonímica inside primordialmente sobre os outros , não sobre quem está em posição de sujeito. Os etnônimos são nomes de terceiros, pertencem à categoria do ‘eles’, não à categoria do ‘nós’ .” (Viveiros de Castro 1996:126). Este paper é dedicado à história da população Karipuna do Rio Curipi, região do Baixo Oiapoque, Norte do Amapá, de um ponto de vista externo ao grupo, através de uma análise sobre a trajetória de seu etnônimo 2. A história dessa população é quase inteiramente desconhecida, embora haja vasta documentação histórica sobre a região em que habita (Caetano da Silva 1861, Paranhos 1898,1945). Há citações sobre os Caripous na região do Oiapoque no século XVII, mas este etnônimo deixa de aparecer nas fontes do século seguinte (embora seja citado em diversas regiões da Amazônia), para ressurgir no século XIX. Alguns autores consideram que a população do Curipi formou-se por refugiados da Cabanagem (Coudreau 1893, Arnaud 1989a, 1996), deslocando a história do grupo, da região do Oiapoque, para a costa paraense. Considero que, para melhor compreender a história vivenciada por esta população, é preciso fazer uma distinção entre a trajetória de seu etnônimo, e as diversas trajetórias de vida dos atuais Karipuna e de seus antepassados. Isso porque o termo nem sempre esteve associado à população do Curipi (às famílias que ali habitam e seus antepassados, ou a outras famílias ali residentes em momentos diversos) e fazer esta separação será útil para entender o próprio significado que hoje tem o nome Karipuna, referindo-se à identidade étnica atualmente compartilhada pela população do Rio Curipi. -
Prosodic Distinctions Between the Varieties of the Upper Xingu Carib Language: Results of an Acoustic Analysis
AMERINDIA n°35, 2011 Prosodic distinctions between the varieties of the Upper Xingu Carib language: results of an acoustic analysis Glauber Romling da SILVA & Bruna FRANCHETTO UFRJ, CNPq 1. Introduction: the Upper-Xingu Carib language and its varieties The Carib subsystem of Upper Xingu consists of four local groups: the Kuikuro (four villages, with a fifth one being formed), the Matipu and Nahukwá (who live together in three villages), and the Kalapalo (two villages). All these groups speak a language which belongs to one of the two meridional branches of the Carib family (Meira & Franchetto 2005), and which nowadays presents two main varieties: one spoken by the Kuikuro and the younger Matipu generations, and the other spoken by the Kalapalo and the Nahukwá. Franchetto (2001) states that “we could establish a common origin of the Upper-Xingu Carib from which the first big division would have unfolded (Kalapalo/Nahukwá vs. Kuikuro/Matipu).” These two varieties distinguish themselves by lexical as well as rhythmic differences. According to Franchetto (2001: 133), “in the Carib subsystem of the Culuene river, the interplay between socio-political identities of the local groups (ótomo) is based on distinct rhythmic and prosodic structures”. Speakers express themselves metaphorically when talking about their linguistic identities. From a Kuikuro point of view (or 42 AMERINDIA n°35, 2011 from whom is judging the other) we get the assumption of speaking ‘straight’ (titage) as opposed to speaking as the Kalapalo/Nahukwá do, which is ‘in curves, bouncy, wavy’ (tühenkgegiko) or ‘backwards’ (inhukilü) (Franchetto 1986; Fausto, Franchetto & Heckenberger 2008). In any case, the idea of ‘straightness’ as a way of speaking reveals a value judgment with regard to what it is not. -
CLIMATE CHANGE and INDIGENOUS PERCEPTIONS INDIGENOUS PERCEPTIONS OPAN - 2018 / 2 ND EDITION Produced by Sponsorship
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND INDIGENOUS PERCEPTIONS INDIGENOUS PERCEPTIONS 2 OPAN - 2018 / OPAN ND EDITION Produced by Sponsorship 2ND EDITION OPERAÇÃO AMAZÔNIA NATIVA – OPAN Production and editing Artema Lima Andreia Fanzeres Lívia Alcântara Revision Andreia Fanzeres CLIMATE Artema Lima Ivar Luiz Vendruscolo Busatto CHANGE AND OPAN Executive Coordination INDIGENOUS Ivar Luiz Vendruscolo Busatto Vinicius Benites Alves PERCEPTIONS Mato Grosso Program/ Project Berço das Águas Artema Lima Production: Tarcísio dos Santos ARTEMA LIMA Edemar Treuherz ANDREIA FANZERES Liliane Xavier LÍVIA ALCÂNTARA Lívia Alcântara Translation Translation Melissa Harkin and Nayana Fernandez MELISSA HARKIN Frontpage photo Adriano Gambarini/OPAN Layout Marina Lutfi / cacumbu ISBN: 978-85-67133-14-0 ND OPERAÇÃO AMAZÔNIA NATIVA 2 EDITION Av. Ipiranga, 97 Bairro Goiabeiras, Cuiabá - MT Brasil CEP: 78032-035 OPERAÇÃO AMAZÔNIA NATIVA – OPAN Telefone: 55 (65) 3322-2980 / FAX: 55 (65) 3322-4161 Mato Grosso. Brasil. 2018 www. amazonianativa.org.br 9 PRESENTATION 13 IT’S TIME TO LISTEN TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TARCÍSIO DA SILVA SANTOS JÚNIOR AND LUCIANA REBELLATO 20 ANOTHER NAME FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AILTON KRENAK 24 CLIMATE CHANGE, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, EDUCATIONS AND DEEP ECOLOGY SEVERIÁ IDIORIÊ 30 CLIMATE CHANGE FOR MUNDURUKU PEOPLE FROM JUARA MARCELO MANHUARI MUNDURUKU 36 WE MUST PRESERVE NATURE TO KEEP EXISTING TIPUICI MANOKI 40 RÓ NA WAHÖIMANAZÁ - TO LIVE IN CERRADO CAIMI WAIASSÉ XAVANTE 46 CLIMATE CHANGE FOR MANOKI PEOPLE MANOEL KANUNXI 52 MEHINAKO PEOPLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MAYAWARI MEHINAKO 58 CLIMATE CHANGE FOR KAYABI-KAWAIWETÉ PEOPLE PIKURUK CAVALCANTE KAYABI 62 WAURÁ OF XINGU AND CLIMATE CHANGE PIRATÁ WAURÁ 66 THE JURUENA RIVER: THE ROAD OF THE FOREST PEOPLES PAULO HENRIQUE MARTINHO SKIRIPI 70 THE RIKBAKTSA PEOPLE AND CLIMATE CHANGE JUAREZ PAIMY Photo: Adriano Gambarini/OPAN PRESENTATION OPERATION AMAZÔNIA NATIVA (OPAN), with its almost five decades work- ing in the field of Indigenismo, has contributed in a relevant way to the pro- motion and guarantee of indigenous rights in Brazil. -
Waurá E Mehináku: Um Breve Estudo Comparativo
Waurá e Mehináku: um breve estudo comparativo (Waura and Mehinaku: a brief comparative study) Angel Corbera Mori1 1Departamento de Linguística-Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) [email protected] Abstract: Mehinaku, Waura and Yawalapiti are the only languages of the Arawak linguistic family still spoken in the indigenous park of Xingu, State of Mato Grosso. The first observations and linguistic registries of these three languages were presented by Karl von den Steinen (1940 [1886]) in his classical book Between the aborigines of Central Brazil. In this work, Steinen says that the Arawak people of the Xingu divide themselves in two sub-groups: nu and aruak. “Nu is the predominant prefix in these tribes, it is the characteristic pronominal prefix of the first person; […] Mehinaku, Kustenau, Waura and Yaulapiti are Nu-Aruak” (p. 197). Steinen also stated that the Mehinaku and Waura formed a single ethnological unit and that they spoke the same language. Considering these primary observations, I present in this article a brief comparative study between Waura and Mehinaku languages. Keywords: Arawak family; Mehinaku-Waura languages; Alto Xinguan languages; phonetic and lexical comparison. Resumo: Mehináku, Waurá e Yawalapíti são as três línguas arawák que ainda são faladas no Parque Indígena do Xingu, Estado do Mato Grosso. As primeiras observações e registros linguísticos dessas línguas foram feitas por Karl von den Steinen (1940[1886]) em sua obra Entre os aborígenes do Brasil Central. Nesse trabalho, Steinen considera que as sociedades arawák do Xingu compreendem dois subgrupos: os Nu e os Aruak. “Nu é o prefixo dominante dessas tribus, é o prefixo característico pronominal da primeira pessoa; [...] os Mehinaku, Kustenau, Waura e Yaulapiti são Nu-Aruak” (p. -
Fire Probability in South American Protected Areas
Technical Note Fire probability in South American Protected Areas August to October 2020 South American authors: Liana O. Anderson, João B. C. dos Reis, Ana Carolina M. Pessôa, Galia Selaya, Luiz Aragão UK authors: Chantelle Burton, Philip Bett, Chris Jones, Karina Williams, Inika Taylor, Andrew Wiltshire August 2020 1 HOW TO CITE THIS WORK ANDERSON Liana O.; BURTON Chantelle; DOS REIS João B. C.; PESSÔA Ana C. M.; SELAYA Galia; BETT Philip, JONES Chris, WILLIAMS Karina; TAYLOR Inika; WILTSHIRE, Andrew, ARAGÃO Luiz. Fire probability in South American Protected Areas: August to October 2020. 16p. São José dos Campos, 2020.SEI/Cemaden process: 01250.029118/2018-78/5761326. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13727.79523 Contact: [email protected] Institutions Met Office Hadley Centre – United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais - Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Brazil This Technical Note was prepared with the support of the following projects: CSSP-BRAZIL - Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) Brazil. Fund: Newton Fund MAP-FIRE – Multi-Actor Adaptation Plan to cope with Forests under Increasing Risk of Extensive fires Fund: Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI-SGP-HW 016) PRODIGY BMBF biotip Project – Process‐based & Resilience‐Oriented management of Diversity Generates sustainabilitY Fund: German BMBF biotip Project FKZ 01LC1824A João B. C. dos Reis and Ana C. M. Pessôa were funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - 444321/2018-7 and 140977/2018-5, respectively). Luiz Aragão was funded by CNPq Productivity fellowship (305054/2016-3). Liana Anderson acknowledges EasyTelling, and the projects: CNPq (ACRE-QUEIMADAS 442650/2018-3, SEM-FLAMA 441949/2018-5), São Paulo Research Foundation – (FAPESP 19/05440-5, 2016/02018-2). -
Indígenas Com Inscrição Homologada
Serviço Público Federal Universidade Federal do Pará Pró-Reitoria de Ensino de Graduação Comissão Permanente de Processos Seletivos EDITAL Nº 2/2021 – COPERPS, DE 09 DE JULHO DE 2021 PROCESSO SELETIVO ESPECIAL 2021 -2 – PSE 2021 - 2 RELAÇÃO DE CANDIDATOS INDÍGENAS COM INSCRIÇÃO HOMOLOGADA Nome Insc. Etnia Aldeia Liderança 1 Liderança 2 Liderança 3 ADEILDO FELICIO IAPARRA 615112 Palikur Aldeia Kumenê Sofonias Hipolito Jefre Ioio Azarias Ioio Iaparra José De Ribamar Gomes Filho Carlos Henrique Gomes ADILINO FILHO LIMA LOPES GUAJAJARA 614451 Guajajara Cajazeira Ademar Lima Lopes Guajajara Guajajra Guajajara ADONIAS OHXO 614299 Hiskaryana Kassawa Zaquel Feya Orivaldo Kaywana Miguel Taryma RAILEY BATISTA DOS ADRIANE DOS SANTOS SILVA NETO 615424 KARIPUNA ALDEIA MANGA JOSÉ ELITO DOS SANTOS MAXWARA DOS SANTOS CARDOSO SANTOS ADRIANO KESU KAXUYANA 614432 Kaxuyana Aldeia sanidade Cândido waratana kaxuyana João pekiriruwa kaxuyana Alcino pauya kaxuyana José de Ribamar Gomes Filho Lucélia Gomes Guajajara AGEU LIMA GUAJAJARA 616133 Guajajara Aldeia Cajazeira Carlos Henrique Gomes Guajajara Guajajara Lima ALCIELLE WAYTIA WAI WAI 614074 Wai Wai Mapuera Elizeu Rodrigues da Silva Way way Roberto Carlos de souza João kaiuri wai wai ALCILENE RODRIGUES WAITYA 613709 Wai Wai Mapuera Elizeu Rodrigues da Silva Way Way Roberto Carlos de Souza João Kaiurí Wai Wai ALDELAN NUNES FELÍCIO 615986 PALIKUR Kumene Sanfonias Hipólito Jefre Ioiô Azarias Ioiô Iaparra ALEXANDRE KIRIXI MUNDURUKU 613636 Munduruku Missão são Francisco Isaías Munduruku Giovane Kaba Munduruku -
Af-Energy-Exclusion-Amazon-11-05
Executive Coordinator at Idec Editing Teresa Liporace Clara Barufi Joint Coordinator of the Xingu Graphic design Project at ISA Coletivo Piu (@coletivopiu) Paulo Junqueira Support Coordinator of the Energy and Charles Stewart Mott Sustainability Program at Idec Foundation Clauber Barão Leite Partnership Technical production Instituto Socioambiental – ISA Camila Cardoso socioambiental.org Clauber Barão Leite Published by Marcelo Silva Martins Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa Mayara Mayumi Tamura do Consumidor – Idec Munir Younes Soares idec.org.br Priscila Morgon Arruda São Paulo, May 2021 Index 04 Presentation 06 Executive summary 08 1. Introduction: Legal Amazon 12 2. Covid-19 pandemic impacts in the region 17 3. Energy aspects of the Legal Amazon 19 3.1 The Amazon Isolated Systems 21 3.2 The electricity access exclusion and the Amazon peoples’ development challenges 26 4. The Xingu Indigenous Territory Case: An Example of Challenges to be Faced 30 4.1 Xingu Solar Project 36 5. Idec and ISA recommendations 40 6. References Presentation he Brazilian Institute to clean and sustainable energy, for Consumer in the scope of the public policy T Defense (Instituto aim to universalize access to Brasileiro de Defesa do modern energy services. – Idec) and the Consumidor The Covid-19 pandemic has put Socio-environmental Institute in relief how the lack of electric (Instituto Socioambiental – ISA) energy access weakens the are members of the Energy conditions of life mainly among and Communities Network the Indigenous populations. The (Rede Energia e Comunidades), service availability in the region formed by a group of represents not only a quality of organizations that develop life improvement alternative, but model clean energy projects also the minimal conditions to with and for the sustainable improve community resilience in development of traditional and the matter of health. -
Acting Translation Ritual and Prophetism in Twenty-First- Century Indigenous Amazonia
2014 | Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4 (2): 161–191 Acting translation Ritual and prophetism in twenty-first- century indigenous Amazonia Carlos Fausto, Museu Nacional–PPGAS Emmanuel de Vienne, Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense–CNRS; Laboratoire d’Ethnologie et de Sociologie Comparative This paper focuses on a prophetic movement led by an Amerindian from Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2006. This man created a radically new liturgy and cosmology by combining elements borrowed from local shamanism and mythology, Christianity and TV shows, among other sources. He managed to convince entire villages to take part in spectacular healing ceremonies and gathered a huge number of followers. One of these ceremonies was extensively filmed by indigenous filmmakers, making it possible to examine the micromechanisms of this cultural innovation, and thus address with fresh data and a new approach the old issue of Amerindian prophetism. We propose here the concept of translating acts to describe this indigenous practice of transcreation, giving special attention to the multiple semiotic mediums through which it is enacted. Keywords: Amazonia, shamanism, prophetism, messianism, translation, ritual, pragmatics “He said he was an Old Christian, born in the city of Silvis, in the reign of Algarve . and, confessing, he said that about six years ago, a gentile people from the hin- terland emerged with a new sect named Santidade [Sanctity], one of them being called pope and a gentile woman Mary of God” (Furtado de Mendonça [1591–92] 1922: 35). And so confessed Fernão Cabral de Taíde before the Inquisitor Furtado de Mendonça during the First Visitation of the Holy Office in 1591. -
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region
OAS/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 176 29 September 2019 Original: Spanish INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Situation of Human Rights of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Pan-Amazon Region 2019 iachr.org OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Situation of human rights of the indigenous and tribal peoples of the Pan-Amazon region : Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019. p. ; cm. (OAS. Official records ; OEA/Ser.L/V/II) ISBN 978-0-8270-6931-2 1. Indigenous peoples--Civil rights--Amazon River Region. 2. Indigenous peoples-- Legal status, laws, etc.--Amazon River Region. 3. Human rights--Amazon River Region. I. Title. II. Series. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.176/19 INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Members Esmeralda Arosemena de Troitiño Joel Hernández García Antonia Urrejola Margarette May Macaulay Francisco José Eguiguren Praeli Luis Ernesto Vargas Silva Flávia Piovesan Executive Secretary Paulo Abrão Assistant Executive Secretary for Monitoring, Promotion and Technical Cooperation María Claudia Pulido Assistant Executive Secretary for the Case, Petition and Precautionary Measure System Marisol Blanchard a.i. Chief of Staff of the Executive Secretariat of the IACHR Fernanda Dos Anjos In collaboration with: Soledad García Muñoz, Special Rapporteurship on Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental Rights (ESCER) Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on September 29, 2019 INDEX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 INTRODUCTION 19 CHAPTER 1 | INTER-AMERICAN STANDARDS ON INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES APPLICABLE TO THE PAN-AMAZON REGION 27 A. Inter-American Standards Applicable to Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in the Pan-Amazon Region 29 1.