Dermatogłiphic Distinctness of the Hel Kashubians

Przegląd Antropologiczny • tom 60, s. 65-73, Poznań 1997

Dermatogłiphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians

Grażyna Liczbińska

Abstract The study consisted in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of epidermal ridges on fingers of the Kashubians from the Hel Peninsula and those from Pomerania. On the basis of the obtained data similarities and differences between the Kashubians and other Poles with regard to these traits were assessed. Grażyna Liczbińska, 1997; Anthropological Review, vol. 60, Poznań 1997, pp. 65-73, figs 2, tables 6. ISBN 83-86969-18-0, ISSN 0033-2003

Introduction Kashubians have been a subject of numerous ethnographic studies. The first The Kashubia (Kaszuby) Region anthropological studies were undertaken within its contemporary boundaries com before World War II by TALKO- prises of the territories of several histori HRYNCEWICZ [1925] and by CWIRKO- cal administrative districts: Puck, Wejhe G o d y c k i , W r z o s e k [1937]. The re rowo, Kartuzy, partly Chojnice, Człu search was continued after the war by chów, Bytów and Lębork districts - in other scientists, including DZIERZYKRAY- the north and Eastern Pomerania and, ROGALSKI, OLEKIEWICZ [1958, 1959], further to the west, Słupsk and Sławno G a l a s i n s k a -P o m y k o l [1956, 1964, districts [L a b u d a 1991] (Fig. 1). 1965], SZEWKO-SZWAYKOWSKA [1964] The inhabitants of the Hel Peninsula and CHARZEWSKI [1968, 1969]. constitute a specific group within the From the group of traits of the Hel Kashubian population. The specificity of Kashubians analysed up to date der- this group is a result of permanent geo matoglyphs have not been a subject of graphical and biological isolation. The scientific elaboration yet. group’s integrity was further strength The subject of this report is the de ened by its occupational structure. Fish scription of epidermal ridges on fingers, ery - a difficult and dangerous occupa including the description of similarities tion - required team work and co and differences with finger epidermal operation of several families. This re ridges of other populations of Poland sulted in the tightening of inter-family (including the Pomeranian Kashubians). bonds and in the deepening of tradition [SZEWKO-SZWAYKOWSKA 1964]. Material and methods

Institute o f Anthropology UAM In this work fingerprints obtained Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznań from 501 people of Kashubian origin 66 Grażyna Liczbińska were used, including 335 Kashubians arches and whorls - ulnar, radial or from the Hel Peninsula and 166 from symmetric. Subsequently the frequencies Pomerania from the villages of Zala- of occurrence (percentage) of particular kowo, Mojusz, Kamienica Królewska, types and orientations of male and fe Łyśniewo, Pałubice, Szopa (the Kartuzy male fingerprint patterns were calculated, district) (Table 1). separately for the Kashubians living in Jastarnia, for those inhabiting Kuźnica Table 1. Territorial differentiation of the material and those from Pomerania Region. The

Women Men frequencies of the occurrence of basic Kuźnica 83 62 categories of A, L, W patterns for each Jastarnia 114 76 sex were also calculated. The signifi Kartuzy district 83 83 cance of differences in the manifesta tions of pattern types and orientations between both populations of the Hel Kashubians was tested using the «-test [OKTABA 1976], Lack of significant differences proves the uniformity of this trait among the inhabitants of both settlements. There fore, the materials obtained in Kuźnica and Jastarnia were merged and the per centage frequencies of occurrence of fingerprint pattern types and orientations on the left and right hand as well as the frequencies of basic categories of A, L, W patterns on both hands jointly were calculated. The u-test was used to compare the obtained results with the previously pub lished reference data concerning the re maining part of the population of Poland (R o g u c k a [1968], B u c h w a l d [1981]). Additionally, the similarities and differ ences between both Kashubian popula tions with regard to these traits were The fingerprint patterns were identified assessed. Wendt’s pattern complexity using Lestrange’s classification system index (WI) was also calculated (WENDT, supplemented and elaborated by BO after: SZCZOTKOWA [1985]). The re CHEŃSKA [1964] and ROGUCKA [1968]. search included also the. quantitative The characteristics taken into consid estimation of epidermal ridges on finger eration in the identification of patterns pads through the determination of the were the type of pattern and its orienta ridge count for each fingerprint pattern, tion. For loop patterns the orientation the total number of ridges on the right could be either ulnar or radial and for and left hand fingers (Ep and Ę) and the Dermatogliphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians 67 total ridge count (TRC) including all the nian Kashubians and other Poles with ridges composing a pattern. regard to the above mentioned traits. All the studied quantitative traits were The confrontation of the frequency of characterized by the basic statistical pa occurrence of types and orientation of rameters: arithmetical mean value m, patterns on the fingers of hands of men standard deviation sd, skewness coeffi and women inhabiting the Hel Peninsula cient a and kurtosis coefficient k (GÓ shows that the principal trends with re RALSKI [1974], S t r z a ł k o , R o ż n o w s k i gard to the frequency of their occurrence [1992]). Similarly to the qualitative traits in this population show high similarity to also the quantitative traits picture was those observed among Pomeranian Ka compared with the data characterizing the shubians and other Poles. For both sexes remaining part of the population of Po the ulnar loop (as in the whole of Poland) land (B u c h w a l d [1981], R o g u c k a and the arch were the types of patterns [1968]) and with the Pomeranian Ka most frequently occurring on all fingers shubians. For the assessment of differ of both the right and left hand. The ences the f-Student test was used [OKTA- atypical whorl, rocket and shell loop and BA 1976], Using similar statistical proce tented and complex patterns were the dures the extent of sexual dimorphism most seldom; while the gamma loop did was estimated taking into account the ridge not occur at all. Other types of touch counts in both Kashubian populations as figures occurred with variable frequency well as the frequencies of the occurrence (Table 2). This confirms observations of fingerprint patters on both hands. based on the studies of a large, represen Statistical significance level was as tative group of Poles [BOCHEŃSKA 1964, sumed at a = 0.05. Selected results were R o g u c k a 1968], additionally presented in charts. On the fingers of the right and left hand of both sexes of Kashubians from Results and discussion Pomerania the most frequent pattern was the ulnar loop. Gamma loops, tented The Hel Kashubians are a population arches, complex patterns and atypical which has been subject to permanent whorls were not observed in this popula geographical and cultural and, in conse tion at all. Rocket and shell loops and quence, biological isolation. Hence the polyspiral whorls were extremely rare population can be regarded as genetically (Table 3). and, as a result, phenotypically different In the Hel Kashubians population, from the remaining part of the population similarly to the Pomeranian Kashu of Poland (including the Pomeranian bians’ population and to other Poles Kashubians). (BOCHEŃSKA [1964] AND ROGUCKA The aim of the present research - as it [1968]) ulnar orientation patterns gen has already been mentioned - was the erally prevail. The frequency of their qualitative and quantitative characteris occurrence as well as the percentage tics of finger pad epidermal ridges of the share of other types and orientation of Hel Kashubians as well as the assess patterns on finger pads of both Ka ment of similarities and differences be shubian populations are presented in tween this population and the Pomera Tables 2 and 3. 68 Graiyna Liczbiriska

Table 2. Frequencies of the occurrence (in %%) of types and orientation of patterns on the finger pads of the Hel Kashubians’ hands

Pattern FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER type II III IV V II ill VV RLR LR L RLR LRLR LR L P L R L WOMEN MEN u 4,1 6,8 7,6 8,4 4,7 5,8 5,7 4,8 5,7 2,1 2,2 4,2 6,9 3,9 4,2 4,7 2,9 0,6 1,6 A r . 1,1 2,9 4,8 2,2 1,2 1,1 1,6 1,2 1,7 - 4,1 2,8 1,4 -- s 0,6 1,2 8,1 5.3 1.3 2,1 2,2 2.6 1,1 3,1 0,8 2,8 0,8 - 2,7 1,4 1,4 u 1,2 . 4,0 5,1 1,5 7,5 1,2 3,4 1,4 5,8 0,7 2,9 6,3 5,3 8,8 0,8 2,5 4,7 T r . . 5,6 4,1 . 2,9 - 0,6 0,6 . - 2,9 9,3 3,0 - 1.7 s . - 2,2 0,6 - 0,5 0,5 ---- 0,9 2,6 - 0,8 - 1 u 42,2 47,2 26,3 23,9 69,9 60,3 41,3 45,9 72,1 70,6 39,9 54,5 26,7 30,8 64,4 61,0 34,2 42,8 74,5 76,4 r 1,8 1,2 10,5 14,1 2,4 1,7 1,2 0,5 3,7 0,6 0,7 2,1 16,7 13,3 0,8 1.4 0,8 i" u . 0,6 1,1 1,2 1,8 1.7 7,7 11,3 3,5 6,6 1.7 1,4 0,9 1.5 0,8 1.4 10,6 16,9 9,7 6,6 r . . 0,5 1,6 -. 1,2 0,6 0,5 0,5 - - 0,9 2,8 0,8 -- u 1,3 1,4 2,5 1,5 0,9 0,5 2,2 1,4 1,7 1,4 3,3 1,9 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,9 0,6 r . 0,7 - 0,9 - - - . - -- -- 0,6- -- u 8,1 1,4 3,0 0,5 2,9 0,6 10,7 11,4 4,3 3,6 2,8 1,6 3,6 3,0 1,4 6,3 19,1 10,9 3,4 2,1 W’ r 1,7 2,9 4,0 5,6 1,9 0,6 0,8 0,9 - 0,5 3,2 2,1 7,4 3,0 3,5 2,1 0,8 s 1,5 0,5 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,1 2,3 1,0 0,5 2,2 0,7 1.6 2,3 - - 4,7 u 3,8 6,7 0,7 1.1 . 0,6 0,5 - 5,3 3,5 0,7 0,6 1,4 1,9 3,4 2,4 0,7 1,4 W* r 1,1 1,7 1,5 1,5 .. 0,5 0,5 - 1,5 2,1 0,9 0,6 - 0,8 s 1,1 0,5 0,7 0.6 - 0,6 - 0,6 - -- 0,8 0,9 1.6 1,5 1,6 u 9,6 4,5 2,9 1,9 2,9 2,1 3,1 2,8 - 1,4 12,0 2,7 1,3 2,3 3,8 - 2,2 4,3 3,1 1,3 W* r 2,4 1,4 1 6 2,5 0,4 1,2 0,5 0,8 . 0,5 1,9 3,5 2,2 1,3 1.b 0,6 s 0,5 1.1 1,2 3.1 ------0,9 - 0,7 0,6 1,5 0,8 u 8,7 10,3 ?,7 0,9 2,7 3,4 1,1 2,7 2,1 - 10,9 9,0 2,1 2,3 1,5 1.4 0,6 2,8 0,7 0,7 w l ! r 3,5 3,5 3,1 3,8 - 0,9 - -- - 1,5 3,5 2,3 0,6 0,6 s 1,5 1,9 . 0,5 0,6 0,9 0.6 .• - 0,7 ---- u 0,5 0,6 . 0,9 0,4 . . .. 0,5 0,7 - 0,9 -- 0,6 i/ r r 0,5 . 0,5 - 0,5 0,6 - 0,5 - 0,9 - 0,7 0,6 - s - 0,5 0,5 ------• u 0,6 0,5 0,6 -- w*1 r . ..----•-- 0,7 -- s . 0,5 .------u 2,9 ?,2 0,6 1,5 0,5 10,3 4,8 1,1 0,6 3,9 0,7 1,5 2,6 1,5 - 7,3 2,1 3,1 0,7 w 2E r 0,5 1,7 ? 5 1,9 . 2,2 2,0 1.0 .- 3,8 4,2 4,8 1,3 0,6 1.3 - 1,5 0,7 s 0,9 • - - 0,5 0,4 0,6 2.7 0,8 0,5 - * ■ 0,7 0,6 0.6 1,3 6,8 1,5

T able 3. Frequencies of the occurrence (in %%) of types and orientation of patterns on the finger pads of the Pomeranian Kashubian’s hands

Pattern FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER FINGER tvoe I II III IV V I II III IV V RL RLRL RLR L RLR L H L R L K L WOMEN MEN 1 ft 6,0 5 fi 8,1 8 8 4,8 1,9 3,2 3,8 1,6 4,8 19,3 13,9 12,5 1,5 3,7 1,6 3,5 3,0 A r . 7,7 1,6 . 3,2 .. - 7,3 6,2 1,6 4,5 1.8 1,5 s . 3,2 3,8 3,2 5,3 4,8 - 1.6 - 1,6 10.5 6,2 - 2,9 1,5 u T r - ’------s u 47,6 59,9 26,9 37,9 50,9 57,0 45,5 58,0 79,1 77,5 44,1 53,0 24,6 27,8 50,8 63,0 41,0 46,8 77,4 77,5 L r 3,6 5.6 13,5 1,6 3,5 - 3,9 1,6 3,8 1.5 8,8 13,8 - 2,9 1,8 1,5 u 1 fi 1,6 . . 1,7 1.6 3,9 9,7 1,9 11,3 3,0 1,7 1,5 3,2 1,5 1.8 7,8 1.7 4,5 L* r .- 1,9 ------3,5 1.5 - 1,5 - u 1,8 ...... ------I“ r . . . . ------u . . 1,9 1,6 3,5 . 7,8 - 1,9 - 1.7 - 1,5 1,6 - 3,7 1,6 1,7 w ' r 1.8 . 5,8 . 1.7 1,6 7,8 3,2 -- 1,7 - 1,6 - 1,5 s 1.8 1,6 1,9 - 1,6 1.9 - . - 1,7 1,5 1,6 - 4,7 u . . 1 9 . .- . - 5,1 1,7 1,5 - ■ 2,9 1,7 - Ww r 1,8 .. 1,6 ... 1,6 -- 3,0 - 1,5 1,6 - 3,0 s 3,6 . 1,6 ----- 3,0 - 1.5 - 1.5 1.8 1,6 - u 9 1 6,0 5,8 3,2 7.1 4,8 7,8 3,2 1.9 11,9 5,3 4,7 4,8 2,9 7,5 1,6 7.0 1,5 w ! r 5 4 8,1 5,8 6,0 5,3 4,8 3,9 8,1 1.9 1.6 3,4 3,0 3,5 1,5 6,3 2,9 5,5 9,3 - s 1,8 3,2 3.8 8,1 3,5 6.2 - 3,2 1,9 - 1,7 V V 1,6 1.5 1,8 - u 3,6 . 9,7 . 1.6 ... 11,9 1.5 - 1,5 4,8 - 3,5 - WL2 r 7,3 2,4 .-- 3,2 - 1,6 - 3,2 6,8 24,2 1,7 3,1 • 7.5 1.8 1,6 1.5 s . 1.6 . ------1,7 - - - - 1,6 - u 5,4 3,2 7.7 9,8 1,7 . 9.8 1.6 1,9 - 8,4 1,5 - 6,2 1,6 1.5 16,8 3.1 3,5 . W!t r . 3,2 5,8 . 3,5 4,8 1,9 3,2 . 3,2 - 5,3 1,5 3,2 1,5 1,8 4,7 1,5 s 1,8 1,6 • 6,0 3,5 • 3.9 3,2 1,9 - 3.4 1.5 1,7 • 3,2 * 7,5 1,6 • Dermatogliphic distinctness of the He! Kashubians 69

arches-m en arches - women

loops - men loops - women

If III IV fingers

whorls «men whorls >women

45 40 35 0 an t o 25 70 15 JT to 5 0 J u III w

•H e ! Kashubians • fingers

D Pomeranian Kasubians

□ Other Rotes

Fig. 2. Comparison of frequencies of basic categories A, L, W in women and men of populations Hel Kashubians, Pomeranian Kashubians and other Poles 70 Grażyna Liczbińska To increase the clarity of results Ta Also Wendt’s pattern complexity in ble 4 and Figure 2 show percentages of dices (WI) for the discussed Kashubian basic categories of A, L, W patterns in populations were compared. Let us re the populations under study. A higher peat after SZCZOTKOWA [1985] that the percentage of the occurrence of patterns indices are calculated by allocating given of lower complexity on the fingers is numerical values to particular types of noted among Hel Kashubians than patterns. Thus, a qualitative trait repre among Pomeranian Kashubians and the senting types of touch figures is turned rest of the population of Poland - for into a quantitative trait with continuous touch figures a higher percentage of variability. Table 5 shows WI values for arches is evident (Table 4). Table 4 the Hel and Pomeranian Kashubians; for shows the frequencies of basic pattern the sake of comparison also WI mean categories for the Pomeranian Kashubi values for other Poles obtained by ans taking into account statistically sig ROGUCKA [1968] are quoted. nificant differences between this popula tion and other Poles (ROGUCKA [1968]). Table 5. Mean values of the pattern complexity index As we can see, the differences are most (WI) on the fingers of both sexes of the Hel Kashubians, evident for whorls which are less numer Pomeranian Kashubians and other Poles ous in this Kashubian population. Population Women Men Hel Kashubians 43,3»# 45,5*# Pomeranian Kashubians 44,0 Table 4. Frequencies of the occurrence (in %%) of the 46,7* basic categories of A, L, W patterns on the finger pads of Other Poles 44,8 47,9 the right and left hand for both groups of Kashubians * statistically significant differences between the Hel jointly Kashubians and other Poles Pattern FINGERS • statistically significant differences between the Hel type Kashubians and the Pomeranian Kashubians 1 II Ill IV V * statistically significant differences between the Pom men -H e l eranian Kashubians and other Poles A 3,9 23,0*. 15,4* 7,6* 5,0 # dimorphic differences L 52,8. 48,4 67,1. 55,0. 85,6. W 43,3. 28,6 17,5*. 37,4*. 9,4* As we can see, the mean values of the women - Hel discussed index are always lower for A 7,4 29,1*. 14,8 11,8*. 11,4*. women. The comparison of the three L 48,3*. 41,9* 69,7*. 55,7*. 80,6. W 44,3*. 29,0» 15,5* 32,5*. 8,0 populations taken into account in the men - Pomerania table shows that the same index is the A 2,4 31,7*. 11,5* 5,1 4,8 lowest (both for women and for men) L 50,8* 41,6* 61,5. 50,4* 82,0. among the Hel Kashubians. Such a result W 46,8» 26,7* 27,0*. 44,5*. 13,2* indicates a higher frequency of the pat women - Pomerania A 5,5 15,1*. 13,5 3,3. 3,5. terns and a lower degree of their com L 57,3» 40,9* 57,3*. 61,3*. 86,8. plexity in this population. W 37,2*. 44,0*. 29,2*. 35,4*. 9,7* The occurrence of sexual dimorphism with regard to dermatoglyphic traits was * statistically significant differences between the Hel Kashubians and other Poles indicated many a time (for instance • statistically significant differences between the Hel ROGUCKA [1968]). In the case of the Hel Kashubians and the Pomeranian Kashubians Kashubians the majority of these differ Dermatogliphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians 71

Table 6. Parameters of distribution of epidermal ridge counts among the Hel and Pomeranian Kashubians

FINGERS RIGHT HAND LEFT HAND Sex Param. II III IV V II III IV V I r Zi TRC distrib. Hel Kashubians N 190 189 189 189 189 190 189 190 189 187 190 190 190 W m 17,4** 10,1*» 10,7* 15,2* 11,6* 10,4** 10,3* 10,6 14,3* 11,3* 65,8*» 62,8*« 128,1** sd 9,2 4,0 6,5 8,6 6,7 8,9 8,9 7,5 8,1 6,5 31,0 32,5 61,4 a 0,27 0,68 0,86 0,25 0,19 0,88 0,87 0,7 0,15 0,19 0,33 0,28 0,26 k 0,47 0.32 1,61 0,48 0,22 1,11 1,11 1,89 1,13 0.28 0,53 0,87 1,28 N 133 134 133 132 130 136 135 135 135 135 134 136 136 M m 19,5*« 11,1*« 11,6* 16,7** 11,9» 16,9* 11,9* 11,0* 15,3* 12,9* 69,3 67,0* 136,3** sd 9,3 6,7 8.5 10,2 5,8 9,1 6,7 8,8 7,6 6,1 28,7 33,6 58,5 a 0,54 0,59 0,62 0,54 0,2 0,64 0,71 0,51 0,2 0,86 0,49 0,1 0,19 k 0,57 0,28 1.7 0,1 1,0 1,18 1,25 0,08 0,75 1,83 1,45 0,44 0,95 Pomeranian Kashubians N 81 80 82 81 82 80 78 80 80 80 81 82 82 W m 14,3* 11,1* 11,4* 14,9* 11,8* 13,5* 11,3* 11,8* 14,4* 12,9* 68,6* 63,1* 132,8* sd 6,41 7,47 6,44 6,38 4,69 5,79 6,79 6,19 6,88 5,33 24,8 24,5 48,3 a -0,21 -0,05 0,14 0,15 0,04 -0,49 0,08 -0,29 -0,56 -0,09 -0,06 -0,36 -0,21 k 0,05 -0,83 -0,23 -0,59 0,1 0,51 -0,52 -0,44 -0,16 -0.37 -0,55 -0,59 -0,46 N 83 80 81 79 80 81 82 83 82 83 82 83 83 M m 17,1* 12,9* 12,9* 16,9* 12,6 15,1* 11,4* 11,9* 15,5* 13,4* 69,9 67,3* 137,3* sd 6,5 8,0 7,0 6,5 5,4 6,7 7,2 7,2 7,2 6,1 25,7 25,6 50,1 a •0,27 -0,27 0,05 -0,44 -0,08 -0,25 0,23 -0,01 0,23 0,14 -0,25 -0,17 -0,33 k -,013 -1,16 -0,84 0.03 -0,41 0,03 -0,72 -0,6 0,99 0,53 -0,49 -0,35 -0,65

* statistically significant differences between the Hel Kashubians and other Poles • statistically significant differences between the Hel Kashubians and the Pomeranian Kashubians ences are statistically significant. A ferences are present for all fingers of higher percentage of arches was ob both hands, while among men they are served among women than among men absent only in the case of the finger IV of inhabiting the peninsula. Among men, in the left hand. turn, whorl patterns prevailed. The Ka- Both Kashubian populations were shubian women from Pomerania had a compared also with regard to the quali higher - compared with men - percent tative traits. age of loops, while men from this popu In general, the values of the mean lation, similarly to the Hel Kashubians, epidermal ridge counts among the Ka had a higher percentage of whorls. shubians from the Hel Peninsula are Similarly to the qualitative traits be lower than similar mean values obtained fore, also quantitative traits of both for the Kashubians from Pomerania groups of Kashubians were compared (Table 6). with the relevant data for other Poles Among male Hel Kashubians the ar [B u c h w a l d 1981, ROGUCKA 1968]. ithmetical mean of the epidermal ridge All the values of the ridge counts for count on particular fingers of the right the Hel Kashubians (Table 6) are lower and left hand as well as the sums of the than the values obtained for other Poles. ridge counts on the right and left hand Statistically significant differences were are higher than the same arithmetical absent only in the case of finger III of the means among women (Table 6). A simi left hand for women and finger V of the lar situation can be observed among the right hand for men. Among the Pomera Pomeranian Kashubians. This was also nian Kashubian women significant dif ascertained in Buchwald’s study devoted 72 Grażyna Liczbińska to the dermatoglyphs of North Poland’s 1. A significantly higher frequency of population [B u c h w a l d 1981]. the occurrence of low degree patterns The statistical significance of dimor can be observed. phic differences estimated with the t- 2. This results in lower mean epider Student test was evident for the fingers I mal ridge counts on the fingers of the and V of the right hand and for the fin right and left hand for both sexes. gers I, IV and V of the left hand as well as for the sum of the ridge counts of the References left hand and the total epidermal ridge count in the case of the Hel Kashubians. B o c h e ń s k a Z ., 1964, Dziedziczenie listewek Among the Pomeranian Kashubians, skórnych na palcach człowieka, Mat. i Prace however, statistically significant differ Antrop., 65, 8, 123 ences in the dimorphism of the quantita B u c h w a l d W., 1981, JJklad listewek skórnych na opuszkach palców rąk u ludności Polski pół tive traits concerned the fingers I, II and nocnej, Przegl. Antrop., 47, 1, 83 V of the right hand and the fingers I, II CHARZEWSKI J., 1969, Analiza niektórych cech and IV of the left hand. antropometrycznych w spokrewnionych gru The analysis of skewness and kurtosis pach kaszubskich z półwyspu Hel, Rocznik coefficients (Table 6) shows that in both Naukowy AWF, XI, Warszawa, 289 CHARZEWSKI J., 1969, Zróżnicowanie barwy oczu populations the distributions of epider i włosów w rdzennych grupach ludności ka mal ridge counts are standard. szubskiej półwyspu Hel, Przegl. Antrop., 35, In spite of general similarities be 281 tween the Hel and the Pomeranian Ka Ć w ir k o -G o d y c k i M ., A. W r z o s e k , 1937, Dzieci kaszubskie w wieku od 7 do 13 lat pod wzglę shubians and other Poles with regard to dem antropologicznym, Przegl. Antrop., 11,121 the distribution of the counts of epider D z ie r ż y k r a y -R o g a l sk i T ., M . O le k ie w ic z , mal ridges on fingers and with regard to 1958, Barwa oczu i włosów a grupy krwi, Mat. the orientation of intersexual differences, i Prace Antrop., 44, 5 in general the values of the mean ridge D z ie r ż y k r a y -R o g a l sk i T „ M . O le k ie w ic z , 1959, Ludność półwyspu Hel pod wzglądem counts for the Hel Kashubians turned out barwy oczu i włosów, Rocznik AMB, 5, 173 to be statistically significantly lower than G a ł a sin sk a -P o m y k o l I., 1964, Grupy krwi lud similar mean values for other Poles. Un ności osady kaszubskiej Jastarnia, Rocznik doubtedly, this results from the fact that AMB, 2, 77 the Kashubians have more simple touch GAŁASIŃSKA-POMYKOŁ1., 1964, Struktura biomor- fologiczna ludności osady kaszubskiej Jastar figures on their fingers. This, in turn, nia, Mat. i Prace Antrop., 67, 73 could be a result of the genetic distinct G a ł a siń sk a -P o m y k o ł I., 1965, Wpływ przemian ness of the Kashubians caused by their społeczno-gospodarczych na półwyspie Hel na long-lasting geographical and cultural kształtowanie się doboru małżeńskiego wśród isolation mieszkańców Jastarni w latach 1875-1959, Przegl. Antrop., 31, 2, 245 G ó r a l sk i A., 1974, Metody opisu i wnioskowania Conclusions w psychologii, PWN, Warszawa L a b u d a G ., 1991, O Kaszubach, Akrum, Gdynia The Hel Kashubians differ from the O k t a b a W., 1976, Elementy statystyki matema tycznej i metodyka doświadczalnictwa, PWN, Pomeranian Kashubians and from other Warszawa Poles with regard to both their quantita ROGUCKA E., 1968, Zróżnicowanie listewek skór tive and qualitative traits: nych na opuszkach palców rąk w populacji Dermatogliphic distinctness of the Hel Kashubians 73

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Streszczenie

W pracy dokonano jakościowej i ilościowej oceny listewek skórnych na opuszkach palców rąk Kaszubów z Pół wyspu Helskiego i Pomorza oraz oszacowano stopień podobieństw i różnic w zakresie tych cech między Kaszubami i pozostałą częścią populacji polskiej. W populacji Kaszubów helskich zauważa się istotnie większą niż u Kaszubów pomorskich i innych Polaków fre kwencję wzorów o mniejszym stopniu komplikacji. Wśród figur dotykowych wyższy jest udział łuków (tabela 4). Zasadnicze tendencje w częstości występowania typów i kierunków wzorów na palcach rąk u kobiet i mężczyzn z Półwyspu Helskiego są podobne jak u Kaszubów pomorskich i pozostałych Polaków. U obu płci najczęściej pojawia się pętla ulnama i luk (tabela 2 i 3). Wartości średnich liczb listewek skórnych u Kaszubów z Półwyspu Helskiego są istotnie niższe od podobnych średnich w pozostałych populacjach (tabela 6). Konsekwentnie niższe są też wartości wskaźnika komplikacji wzorów (tabela 5).