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Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Fishing Ship Traffic Streams on Traffic Streams of Merchant Vessels in Polish Maritime Areas

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Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Fishing Ship Traffic Streams on Traffic Streams of Merchant Vessels in Polish Maritime Areas Scientific Journals Zeszyty Naukowe of the Maritime University of Szczecin Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 2018, 53 (125), 93–101 ISSN 1733-8670 (Printed) Received: 24.10.2017 ISSN 2392-0378 (Online) Accepted: 20.02.2018 DOI: 10.17402/270 Published: 16.03.2018 Quantitative analysis of the impact of fishing ship traffic streams on traffic streams of merchant vessels in Polish maritime areas Anna Anczykowska, Paulina Rekowska, Wojciech Ślączka Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation, Maritime Risk Center 1–2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland e-mail: [email protected] corresponding author Key words: fishing vessels, Baltic Sea, traffic streams, merchant vessels, maritime areas, risk Abstract The Baltic Sea is crisscrossed by several dense vessel traffic routes. Growing shipping traffic increases the likelihood of collisions. A quantitative analysis of the impact of fishing vessel traffic streams on streams of merchant vessel traffic aims to identify areas of intense traffic of this type and to assess the potential risks. The identification of intersections of fishing vessel routes and merchant shipping traffic allows us to identify spots of potential collisions. The analysis made use of the IALA IWRAP Mk2 program and AIS data collected from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014. Introduction Shipping routes in the South Baltic – state of knowledge The intensity of commercial vessel traffic in the Baltic Sea has been increasing yearly. The observed The Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) conducts growth comprises mainly bulk carriers, container research on the vessel traffic density in the Baltic ships, general cargo vessels and passenger ships. Sea. Traffic streams are recorded via the automatic Since the LNG terminal in Świnoujście was put into identification system (AIS). There are 13 recording operation, LNG tankers have also been present in lines known as AIS lines across the Baltic Sea. Based the southern Baltic. Their number is not significant, on the collected information, HELCOM issues the but a large gas tanker manoeuvring in the approach Annual Report on Shipping Accidents in the Baltic channel is associated with an increased risk and ves- Sea. The location of AIS passage lines and the num- sel traffic restrictions (Maritime Office in Szczecin, ber of crossing vessels are shown in Figure 1. 2017). One characteristic feature of the Baltic is the The HELCOM’s Annual Report on Shipping existence of many ferry routes linking the coastal Accidents in the Baltic Sea in 2013 shows that states. Ro-ro vessels on some of these lines span the greatest number of vessel crossings occurs in Polish and Swedish ports. With an increase in ves- the region of the Danish Straits. In the Skager- sel traffic, the size of individual vessels also increas- rak Strait, separating the Jutland and Scandina- es. Measures to ensure the safety of vessels and to vian Peninsulas, the AIS Skaw passage line was harmonise the traffic, including designated shipping crossed by 57,567 ships. The largest group, cargo routes, traffic separation schemes and reporting sys- vessels, amounted to 24,188, or 42% of all vessels. tems, aim to reduce the risk of collisions between In the same region the greatest number of tankers vessels. (10,523) was recorded. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 53 (125) 93 Anna Anczykowska, Paulina Rekowska, Wojciech Ślączka Figure 1. Location of AIS passage lines and numbers of ships crossing them in the Baltic Sea in 2013 (HELCOM, 2014) The second most-frequently crossed AIS line crossed by 29,474 vessels, of which 16,055 were was Kadet Fairway. According to HELCOM data, in cargo vessels (HELCOM, 2014). Table 1 shows the 2013 the Kadet Fairway line was crossed by 53,235 number of vessels recorded by AIS lines in 2013 ships, mostly cargo and passenger vessels. Another according to the type of vessel. area of high traffic intensity, the Sound, runs between the Scandinavian Peninsula and Zealand, a Danish An analysis of Polish fishing ports and island. The AIS line in this area recorded 54,393 ves- fishing boats and cutters landing locations sels in 2013, of which 29,179 were cargo vessels. Increased shipping traffic can also be observed in Polish ports important to Poland’s fishing industry the Gulf of Finland. The AIS line in that region was are located along the entire coast, from Świnoujście 94 Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin 53 (125) Quantitative analysis of the impact of fishing ship traffic streams on traffic streams of merchant vessels in Polish maritime areas Table 1. The number of vessels recorded by AIS passage lines in 2013 according to the type of vessel (HELCOM, 2014) Type of ship Location Passenger Cargo Tanker Other Unknown Total Skaw 2 394 24 188 10 523 17 690 2 772 57 567 Great Belt East Bridge 1 544 7 961 4 925 3 079 969 18 478 Drogden 2 806 16 055 3 778 5 168 1 667 29 474 Langeland East 1 590 7 742 4 799 2 783 1 080 17 994 Kadet Fairway 10 171 24 556 7 590 8 600 2 318 53 235 North of Bornholm 1 903 27 875 9 232 5 434 2 261 46 705 South of Bornholm 920 7 701 1 468 4 143 1 140 15 372 West of Gotland 1498 10 502 1 850 2 835 725 17 410 East of Gotland 1 220 18 926 7 010 2 149 1 503 30 808 Aland West 1 231 10 039 1 608 980 575 14 433 Aland East 13 593 105 591 95 1 397 Gulf of Finland 5 261 20 113 7 118 3 975 1 683 38 150 Irbe Strait 778 6 519 1 187 532 353 9 369 Total 31 329 182 770 61 193 57 959 17 141 350 392 % of Total 9 52 17 17 5 100 Figure 2. A map of Polish fishing ports and fishing boats and cutters landing locations (http://ec.europa.eu) in the west, through Dziwnów, Kołobrzeg, Darłowo, largest numbers of fishing craft were registered in Ustka, Łeba, Władysławowo, Jastarnia, Hel and Ustka (73), Władysławowo (61), Kołobrzeg (58) Gdynia in the east. These ports are the bases and and Darłowo (57). Fishing vessels of overall length catch landing locations for the most fishing vessels, less than 15 meters numbered 726 ships, represent- shown in Figure 2. ing 83.7% of the total fleet. Fishing vessels with an In Figure 2, the numbers are assigned to the fol- overall length above 15 meters accounted for 16.3% lowing harbours: 1 – Szczecin Dąbie; 2 – Trzebież; (141 ships), and should be equipped with AIS B 3 – Altwarp (Germany), 4 – Świnoujście; 5 – Świno- transponders (Anczykowska, Sobkowicz, Ślączka, ujście–Karsibór; 6 – Międzyzdroje; 7 – Międzywo- 2015). Within three years, the number of registered dzie; 8 – Dziwnów; 9 – Rewal; 10 – Niechorze; 11 – fishing vessels decreased to 841. The number of fish- Mrzeżyno; 12 – Kołobrzeg; 13 – Ustronie Morskie; ing vessels with an overall length above 15 meters 14 – Dąbki; 15 – Darłowo; 16 – Jarosławiec; 17 – fell to 130, which represents 15.5% of the total fleet. Ustka; 18 – Łeba; 19 – Dębki; 20 – Władysławowo; 711 fishing ships were had an overall length less than 21 – Chałupy; 22 – Jastarnia; 23 – Hel; 24 – Rewa; 15 meters (84.5%) (http://ec.europa.eu). Table 2 25 – Oksywie; 26 Maritime University of Szczecin – shows the number of ships registered in selected Gdynia; 27 – Gdańsk; 28 – Górki Zachodnie. ports in 2014 and 2017. On 1 September 2014 the Polish fishing fleet con- In terms of capacity, the biggest vessels were sisted of 867 ships registered in 65 locations. The noted in Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot. They represent Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 53 (125) 95 Anna Anczykowska, Paulina Rekowska, Wojciech Ślączka Table 2. The number of Polish fishing vessels registered in 60% of the total capacity of the Polish fishing fleet. ports on the southern Baltic coast on 1 September 2014 and The smallest craft were found in the region of Szcze- 1 June 2017 (http://ec.europa.eu) cin, where coastal fishing prevails (http://ec.europa. Port of registry 2014 2017Port of registry 2014 2017 eu). Polish fishing vessels may use 59 landing stag- Ustka 73 64 Krynica Morska I 7 7 es, but 75% of the catch is discharged in Kołobrzeg, Władysławowo 61 65 Puck 7 6 Władysławowo and Hel (European Parliament, 2011). Most of the landing stages are located on the Kołobrzeg 58 52 Rewal 7 7 beach and have no proper equipment to be capable Darłowo 57 48 Ustronie Morskie 7 7 of handling more vessels. Jastarnia 49 44 Jantar 6 6 The Polish fishing fleet is engaged in coastal, Kuźnica 44 40 Kamień Pomorski 6 6 Baltic and ocean fish catching operations. The main Trzebież 35 35 Obłuże 6 6 routes followed by fishing vessels run from their har- Łeba 32 29 Rowy 6 6 bours to the fishing grounds. Major areas of opera- Nowa Pasłęka 27 29 Sopot 6 6 tions of the Polish fishing vessels in the southwest- Świnoujście 25 24 Szczecin – Stołczyn 6 7 ern Baltic include the Kołobrzeg–Darłowo Fishery, Dziwnów 22 22 Dębki 5 5 Ławica Odrzańska and Bornholm S. Fishing grounds Hel 20 21 Międzyzdroje 5 4 are defined as subdivisions by the International Coun- Jarosławiec 19 19 Niechorze 5 5 cil for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and fish- Frombork 16 16 Oksywie 5 5 ing squares. Polish fisheries are contained in ICES Piaski II 14 14 Chłapowo 4 4 subdivisions 24 and 25 (http://www.marinerega.pl). Table 3 describes Polish fisheries. Unieście 14 13 Górki Zachodnie 4 3 The main fisheries (Kołobrzeg–Darłowo, Ławica Wolin 14 15 Międzywodzie 4 4 Odrzańska and Bornholm S) are divided into a num- Chłopy 13 13 Orłowo 4 4 ber of smaller fisheries: identified by their square Piaski I 12 12 Świnoujście – Przytór 4 4 number.
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