BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT SEA BALTIC No. 75 RED LIST OF MARINE AND COASTAL BIOTOPES AND BIOTOPE COMPLEXES OF THE BALTIC SEA, BELT SEA AND KATTEGAT Including a comprehensive description and classification system PROCEEDINGS No.75 for all Baltic marine and coastal biotopes RED LIST OF MARINE AND COAST AL BIOTOPES AND BIOT BIOTOPES AL HELSINKI COMMISSION OPE COMPLEXES Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, FIN-00160 Helsinki, Finland Phone +358-9-6220 220, fax +358-9-6220 2239 E-mail: [email protected] HELSINKI COMMISSION http://www.helcom.fi Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission ISSN 0357-2994 1998 I Red List of Biotopes PREFACE The RED LIST OF MARINE AND COASTAL BIOTOPES AND BIO- TOPE COMPLEXES OF THE BALTIC SEA, BELT SEA AND KATTE- GAT is the first comprehensive attempt by the Helsinki Commission to classify all marine and coastal biotopes and to assess the condition and the status of threat for the different marine and coastal biotopes and biotope complexes in each of the nine riparian Baltic Sea states. By doing so HELCOM implements the will of the Environmental Min- isters of the Contracting Countries who decided at HELCOM’s 20th anniversary in 1994 that “the status of endangerment of different coastal and marine biotopes and nature types in the Baltic Sea Area shall be evaluated with a view to compiling a Red Data Book of Threatened Biotopes of the Baltic Sea Area.” The assessment has been made by numerous experts on marine and coastal ecology and taxonomy from all Baltic Sea riparian states and by the members of the HELCOM EC-NATURE Red List Project Group (see below). This group met four times on the Isle of Vilm, Germany and once in St Petersburg, Russia. The meetings were chaired by the project leaders Henning von Nordheim and Dieter Boedeker who also functioned as final compilors and editors; nevertheless, the authors of the different national introductory chapters bear the whole responsibility for the content of their contributions. Financially, the assessment was supported by HELCOM and the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. A Red List primarily represents a status report compiled on the basis of best currently available knowledge, some of which has been retrieved from more or less isolated reports and surveys and from some short or long term studies. Consequently, a revised version of this Red List should be issued as soon as enough additional or new information on Baltic biotopes and biotope complexes is available. This will require also future co-operation of all specialists and colleagues, a co-operation that the editors experienced for this Red List in a very open, friendly and productive manner. For this the editors wish very much and cordially to thank all of the contributors. II Red List of Biotopes CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................................................................... I Contents................................................................................................................................................. II List of Contributors.......................................................................................................................... III-VI Introduction and Scientific Concept for the Red List of Marine and Coastal .................................. 1 Biotopes and Biotope Complexes of the Baltic Sea, Belt Sea and Kattegat (H. von Nordheim, D. Boedeker) Evaluation ............................................................................................................................................ 15 (H. von Nordheim, D. Boedeker, R. Grunewald) National Introductions: Denmark .......................................................................................................................................... 18 (O. N. Andersen) Sweden ............................................................................................................................................ 20 (A. Johansson) Finland ............................................................................................................................................. 23 (A. Levo, J. Ekebom, S. Bäck) Russia, St Petersburg Region ....................................................................................................... 27 (V. Pogrebov, A. K. Chtchoukine) Estonia............................................................................................................................................. 30 (G. Martin, A. Palo, K. Möller) Latvia ............................................................................................................................................... 35 (I. Kabucis, A. Aunins) Lithuania.......................................................................................................................................... 39 (S. Olenin, K. Klovaitò) Russia, Kaliningrad Region ........................................................................................................... 44 (R. Grunewald, M. Y. Durkin) Poland.............................................................................................................................................. 47 (J. Herbich, J. Warzocha) Germany .......................................................................................................................................... 52 (D. Boedeker, C. Herrmann, J. Gemperlein, J. Voss) Description of Marine and Coastal Biotope Complexes ................................................................. 60 (J. Ekebom, O. N. Andersen, D. Boedeker, J. Herbich, C. Herrmann, I. Kabucis, K. Klovaitò, H. von Nordheim, A. Palo, R. Sagitov, S. Svenaeus ) Description of Marine and Coastal Biotopes.................................................................................... 71 (D. Boedeker, O. N. Andersen, J. Ekebom, J. Herbich, C. Herrmann, I. Kabucis, K. Klovaite, A. Lehvo, K. Möller, H. von Nordheim, S. Olenin, A. Palo, V. Pogrebov, R. Sagitov, S. Svenaeus, J. Warzocha) Red Lists (incl. Tables) of Marine and Coastal Biotopes and Biotope Complexes ...................... 95 of the Baltic Sea, Belt Sea and Kattegat III Red List of Biotopes CONTRIBUTORS DENMARK Stefan Svenaeus Kalmar County Administration Ole Norden Andersen S-39186 Kalmar The National Forest and Nature Agency Haraldsgade 53 Lars Thorell DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Blekholmsterassen 36 Claus Helweg S-106 48 Stockholm Ovesen Botanical Museum The National Forest and Nature Agency Haraldsgade 53 FINLAND DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Thomas Bonn Niels Nielsen LT-Consultants ltd. Geographical Institute Melkonkatu 9 Øster Voldgade 10 FIN-00210 Helsinki DK-1350 Copenhagen K Saara Bäck Ruth Nielsen Finnish Environment Institute Gothersgade 130 P. O. Box 140 DK-1123 Copenhagen K FIN-00251 Helsinki Jørgen Nørrevang Jensen Jan Ekebom National Environmental Research Institute Finnish Environment Institute Frederiksborgvey 399 P. O. Box 140 DK-4000 Roskilde FIN-00251 Helsinki Peter Vestergaard Annamaija Lehvo Botanical Institute, Dept. of Ecological Botany Finnish Environment Institute Vesterfarimagsgade 2D P. O. Box 140 DK-1153 Copenhagen K FIN-00251 Helsinki Heikki Toivonen SWEDEN Finnish Environment Institute P.O. Box 140 Sven-Åke Heinemo FIN-00251 Helsinki County Administration of Västernorrland Department of Community Planning Environmental Assessment and Nature RUSSIA Conservation S-87186 Härnösand Mikhail Durkin The State Committee for the Protection Anders Johanson of the Environment of the Kaliningrad Region Kalmar County Administration Ofitserskaya str. 6 S-39186 Kalmar RF-236000 Kaliningrad Christina Rappe Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Blekholmsterrassen 36 S-10848 Stockholm IV Red List of Biotopes Vladimir Litvin Elle Puurmann University of Kaliningrad Läänemaa Centre for West Estonian Faculty of Geography Archipelago Biosphere Reserve A. Nevskyst. 14 Kiltsi tee 12 RF-236041 Kaliningrad EE-3170 Haapsalu Vladimir Pogrebov Elle Roosaluste State Research Institue for Institute of Botany and Ecology Nature Conservation Tartu University of the Arctic and the North (RINCAN) EE-2400 Tartu RF-19903 St Petersburg Roustam Sagitov LATVIA St Petersburg University Faculty of Biology and Soil Science Ainars Aunins Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 7/9 Latvian Fund for Nature RF-19903 St Petersburg Kronvalda Bulv. 4 LV-1842 Riga Irina Volkova University of Kaliningrad G. Eberhards Faculty of Geography Faculty of Geography A. Nevskyst. 14 University of Latvia RF-236041 Kaliningrad LV-1010 Riga Ivars Kabucis ESTONIA Biodiversity Country-Study Project Officer, Latvian Fund for Nature Jüri Kask Kronvalda Bulv. 4 Estonian Geological Survey LV-1842 Riga Kadaka tee 80/82 EE-0026 Tallinn Eriks Karins Latvian Fund for Nature Georg Martin Kronvalda Bulv. 4 Estonian Marine Institute LV-1842 Riga Lai 32 EE-0001 Tallinn Brigita Laime Faculty of Biology Kadri Möller University of Latvia Environmental Information Centre LV-1842 Riga Mustamae tee 33 EE-0006 Tallinn Otars Opermanis Latvian Fund for Nature Kaarel Orviku Kronvalda bulv. 4 s/c “Merin” LV-1842 Riga Ravala 8 EE-0001 Tallinn Loreta Urtane Laboratory of Freshwater Hydrology Anneli Palo Institute of Biology Environment Protection Institute Miera iela 3 Nature Conservation Research Centre LV-2169 Salaspils Akadeemia 4 EE-2400 Tartu Andris Urtans North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve Ostas 1 LV-4033 Salacgriva V Red List of Biotopes LITHUANIA Arvydas Urbis Director