Vorwort Ger Anspruchsvollen 24 Vorübungen Zu St

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Vorwort Ger Anspruchsvollen 24 Vorübungen Zu St III Vorwort ger anspruchsvollen 24 Vorübungen zu St. Peters burger Konservatorium als ver­ R. Kreutzers und P. Rodes Etüden op. 37. pflichtende Lehrwerke einführte. Wenn Dont bezieht sich mit dem letztge­ man den Werbeanzeigen Leu ckarts folgt, nannten Titel auf die beiden maßgebli­ sprachen sich auch viele weitere berühmte Jakob Dont (1815 – 88) zählt zu den be­ chen Etüdensammlungen der französi­ Geiger für Donts Etüden aus, darunter deutenden Violinpädagogen des 19. Jahr­ schen Geiger Rodolphe Kreutzer (Études Joseph Joachim, Henryk Wieniawski, hunderts. Er verbrachte sein ganzes Le­ ou Caprices) und Pierre Rode (24 Ca­ Pablo de Sarasate und Adolph D. Brodsky. ben in seiner Heimatstadt Wien und ver­ prices en forme d’études) aus dem frü­ Wie etabliert und gut verkäuflich die zichtete trotz herausragender geigerischer hen 19. Jahrhundert. Allerdings ist Donts 24 Vorübungen ganz offensichtlich wa­ Fähigkeiten auf eine mögliche interna­ Begriff der „Vorübung“ hier nur sehr ren, zeigt sich an der Reaktion der Kon­ tionale Solistenkarriere, um sich dem allgemein zu verstehen, denn es lassen kurrenzverlage, als 30 Jahre nach Donts Orchesterspiel und dem Unterrichten zu sich in Opus 37 keine konkreten Bezüge Tod seine Werke ab dem 1. Januar 1919 widmen. Bereits als 16­Jähriger kam er auf bestimmte Stücke Rodes oder Kreut­ urheberrechtsfrei wurden. Umgehend er­ ins Orchester des Wiener Hofburgtheaters zers feststellen, sondern es sollen – als schienen zahlreiche Neuausgaben, meist (zu dessen Vizedirektor man ihn später er­ Heranführung an das nötige Niveau – in Überarbeitungen namhafter Violin­ nannte), 1834 wurde er in die k. k. Hof­ grundsätzliche technische Fähigkeiten pädagogen. Zu nennen sind vor allem kapelle aufgenommen. Als Lehrer unter­ vermittelt werden. Innerhalb der 24 Vor­ die Ausgaben von Hans Sitt (Edition richtete er privat sowie als Professor an übungen ist in jedem Fall ein ansteigen­ Peters, 1919), Carl Flesch (Simrock, verschiedenen Wiener Lehranstalten, da­ der Schwierigkeitsgrad zu erkennen. 1919), Leopold Auer (Russischer Staats­ runter kurzzeitig auch am Konservato­ Die 24 Vorübungen op. 37, die wir hier verlag, 1923), in jüngerer Zeit unter an­ rium der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. erstmals in einer kritischen Edition vor­ derem die von Ivan Galamian (Interna­ Donts berühmtester Schüler war der legen, erschienen 1852 im Wiener Verlag tional Music Company, 1967). Der Ori­ Violinvirtuose Leopold Auer, der jahr­ von Adolf Othmar Witzendorf. Nach des­ ginalverlag Leuckart reagierte seinerseits zehntelang in St. Petersburg wirkte und sen Tod 1874 wurde sein Katalog vom schon 1914 präventiv mit einer eigenen als Begründer der modernen russischen Leipziger Musikverlag F. E. C. Leuckart Neuausgabe, bearbeitet von dem russi­ Violinschule gelten kann (Tschaikowsky angekauft. Der Verlagsleiter Constantin schen Violinvirtuosen Issay Barmas. dachte ihm ursprünglich Uraufführung Sander erkannte den Wert von Donts Fast alle diese Neuausgaben verfolgen und Widmung seines Violinkonzerts zu). Unterrichtswerken und brachte 1875 die Absicht, die Fingersätze und Strich­ Auer schätzte Donts Qualitäten als Violin­ unter dem Obertitel „Gradus ad Par­ bezeichnungen Donts an den jeweiligen lehrer sehr hoch ein, was in seinen Lebens­ nassum“ Opus 35, 37 sowie die 20 fort­ Stand der Violintechnik und des Zeitge­ erinnerungen zum Ausdruck kommt: „Ich schreitenden Uebungen op. 38 mit neuen schmacks anzupassen, wodurch sie aber wurde nach Wien geschickt, um meinen Titelseiten, aber inhaltlich unverändert inzwischen ihrerseits der Gefahr unter­ Unterricht im Haus von Professor Jacques neu heraus. Dont selbst war in diese Ak­ liegen, eine überholte und unzeitgemäße Dont fortzusetzen, der zu jener Zeit – viel­ tivitäten zweifellos eingebunden, denn er Geigentechnik zu vermitteln. Im Gegen­ leicht wegen seiner bescheidenen Art – komponierte für die von Leuckart stark satz dazu stammen in der vorliegenden noch nicht sehr bekannt war, trotz seiner beworbene Reihe neue Studienwerke wie Edition sämtliche spieltechnischen An­ wirklichen Genialität als Lehrer. Ich ver­ die Sammlung mehrstimmiger Musikstü­ gaben vom Komponisten. Die origina­ danke es Donts seltener Begabung als cke zur Uebung im Ensemblespiel op. 52 len Anmerkungen Donts sind kursiv wie­ Lehrer und seinem Interesse an mir, dass und die Sechs Studien für Violine op. 54. dergegeben. Paul Roczeks behutsame ich von da an den wahren Charakter der Bereits drei Jahre später brachte Leu­ Ergänzungsvorschläge und praktische Geige wirklich zu erfassen und zu verste­ ckart die 24 Vorübungen op. 37 in ei­ Hinweise zu jedem Stück werden zur hen begann […]. Dont war es, der die ner neugestochenen Neuausgabe auf den deutlichen Unterscheidung mit grauen Grundlagen für die Technik legte, die ich Markt. Dont nutzte diese Gelegenheit Zeichen bzw. grauer Hinterlegung ge­ mir später erwarb“ (Auer, Violin playing dazu, um Änderungen an Artikulation, druckt. In den Bemerkungen am Ende der as I teach it, New York 1921, Neuaus­ Dynamik und Fingersatz vorzunehmen vorliegenden Edition finden sich detail­ gabe 1980, S. 3; im Original Englisch). und Tempo angaben zu ergänzen; auch lierte Angaben zu den verwendeten Quel­ Unter Donts zahlreichen Komposi­ arbeitete er einige wenige Takte um oder len und einigen frag lichen Lesarten. tionen insbesondere für Violine haben strich sie ganz. In dieser abschließenden sich bis heute zwei Etüdensammlungen Form von 1878 ist das Werk bis heute Herausgeber und Verlag danken den in als unentbehrliche Standardwerke im bekannt. 1884 verfasste Dont noch eine den Bemerkungen genannten Bibliothe­ Unterrichtsrepertoire der Geiger behaup­ optionale Klavierbegleitung, ließ aber ken für freundlich zur Verfügung ge­ tet: die – für bereits sehr fortgeschrit­ den Violinpart unangetastet. stellte Quellenkopien. tene Schüler gedachten – Études et Ca­ Zur Verbreitung der Violinstudien prices op. 35 sowie die eher am Studien­ Donts trug Leopold Auer bei, indem er München, Frühjahr 2019 beginn stehenden, technisch etwas weni­ sie in seiner Funk tion als Professor am Dominik Rahmer HN_1176_Vorwort_und_App-Verweis_SRZ.indd 3 09.08.2019 12:48:32 IV Hinweise zur Ausführung nach anderen Lösungen gesucht. Die vie­ he took in me, that I since really began Jakob Dont bezeichnet seine Etüden len vorgeschriebenen Streckungen, in der to grasp and to understand the true op. 37 als „Vorübungen“ für die Studien­ Regel immer abwärts, sollten dagegen character of the violin […]. It was Dont werke von Kreutzer und Rode. Dies ist intensiv geübt werden; die dadurch er­ who laid the foundation for the technique weniger inhaltlich gedacht als mit er­ reichte Flexibilisierung der linken Hand which I acquired later on” (Auer, Violin fahrenem Blick auf die erfolgreiche gei­ ist eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für playing as I teach it, New York, 1921, gentechnische Entwicklung eines jun­ eine lockere, virtuose Lauftechnik. new edition 1980, p. 3). gen Menschen. Dont lebte und wirkte Amongst Dont’s numerous composi­ im 19. Jahrhundert in Wien, und seine Salzburg, Frühjahr 2019 tions, particularly those for violin, two Fingersätze und Bogenstriche zeigen uns Paul Roczek collections of etudes have remained to den damaligen Stand der Violintechnik: this day indispensable standard works eine bevorzugte Verwendung der ersten of the teaching repertoire for violinists: und dritten Lage, das oftmalige Stre­ the Études et Caprices op. 35 intended cken des kleinen Fingers zum Erreichen for very advanced students, and the eines fünften Tons in der gleichen Lage, technically less demanding 24 Vorübun­ gelegentlich auch das Abstrecken des gen zu R. Kreutzers und P. Rodes Etüden ersten Fingers abwärts. Ebenso fällt das op. 37, more suitable for less advanced geforderte Üben von langen und sehr Preface students of the instrument. langen Legatobögen auf – eine Kunst, With the latter title, Dont was referring die heute ein wenig in Vergessenheit zu to two influential collections of studies by geraten droht. Auch das Schieben der the French violinists Rodolphe Kreutzer Finger beim chromatischen Spiel ist ein Jakob Dont (1815 – 88) was one of the (Études ou Caprices) and Pierre Rode deutliches Charakteristikum dieser Zeit. most important violin teachers of the (24 Caprices en forme d’études) dating Für das Erlernen der technischen 19th century. He spent his whole life in from the early 19th century. However, Schwierigkeiten, die uns in den Kompo­ his native city of Vienna and, despite Dont’s concept of the “Vorübung” (pre­ sitionen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts his outstanding ability as a violinist, de­ paratory study) should only be under­ begegnen, scheinen mir diese Übungen cided against a potential international stood very generally, for there are no von Dont eine wichtige und wohl durch­ solo career in order to devote himself to specific references in op. 37 to particular dachte Hilfestellung zu sein. Gut und orchestral playing and teaching. At the pieces by Rode or Kreutzer, but the inten­ sorgfältig geübt, verhelfen sie zu einer young age of 16 he had joined the Vien­ tion was to impart fundamental techni­ klaren, sauberen Technik und einem si­ na Hofburgtheater orchestra (later be­ cal capabilities to lead up to the requir­ cheren Lagengefühl in der linken Hand coming its deputy director) and joined ed level. Within each of the 24 Vorübun­ sowie zu einer flexiblen Bogenführung the imperial court ensemble in 1834. gen an increasing level of difficulty can und der Beherrschung der wichtigsten He taught privately and
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