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Home , 12 metre, 6 Metre, 8 Metre (keelboat), America II, Australia (yacht), Australia II

WHY BUY A David Pedrick 2007 In a recent AC eNewsletter, I described the history of the 12 Meter Class, which began its 100th anniversary celebration with a regatta in Valencia, Spain. This international gathering begs the question, "Why do owners continue to put so much effort and expense into these dinosaurs?" The 12 Meters and other, smaller survivors of the International Rule avoid extinction because they have their own attractiveness: they bear out the value of vintage. While other classic disappeared from the racing scene, 12 Meters remain thanks to their durability, "upgrade-ability," and suitability for racing and day alike. Because of its age, the 12 Meter Class has a few distinct generations, each offering its own motivations for ownership and use. The divisions were set according to two notable performance breakthroughs in the Class; the separated rudder plus trim tab of in 1967 and the winged keel of II in 1983 and allow like yachts to compete against one another when there are enough 12 Meters present. The design durability can be attributed to the Class Rule, which required scantlings to comply with Lloyd's Rules for the International Rating Classes. Through 1987, 12 Meter construction took place under the scrutiny of the survey by Lloyd's. Thanks to these high standards of strength and construction, more than 100 of the 180 hulls built between 1907 and 1987 remain. The Class' masts are built to strict standards as well, with limits on section dimensions, weight and height. 12 Meter masts are reasonably interchangeable, so a surplus of existing masts provides replacements, especially for the middle-aged . The second reason that the 12-Meters continue to thrive is that like boats can be tuned to at close to the same speed. The 12-Meters are heavy-displacement boats, and the rating rule constrains length and sail area such that the boats' speed potential fits within a fairly narrow band. As length goes up, sail area comes down, resulting in decent parity within the three divisions of the Class. A system of age credits accounts for jumps in performance at the generational breaks and, among the Modern (Intrepid 1967-1983, excluding Australia II) and Classic (pre-Intrepid) divisions, for design obsolescence over time. Additionally, credit is given for self-propulsion with an exposed propeller. Yachts in the Grand Prix Division (Australia II and later) compete to the full Class Rule with no concessions. The generational divisions and 12 Meter specific ratings system helps guide owners into the that best fits their objectives and budget.

The current Grand Prix division is made up of yachts from the 1987 's Cup. These boats were designed for the heavy air off , Australia. To make them competitive in lighter air venues like Newport, Rhode Island and the Mediterranean, owners may reconfigure the yachts rating trade-offs of length, displacement, and sail area. Additionally, advancements in hydrodynamic design require owners of Fremantle 12 Meters to fit new appendages in order to be fully competitive. Improvements in spars, hardware and demand new purchases, as well. The cost of an unimproved Grand Prix is only the tip of the financial iceberg, but a fully improved Grand Prix 12 Meter still offers good value for a 14 person, 65-foot racing yacht. WHY BUY A 12 METRE The advantage of buying a modern division 12 Meter is that the boats were designed for the moderate conditions of Newport in the first place. Reconfiguring does not necessarily involve major keel work and upgrades to rudders, rigs, winches are not essential right away. Classic division 12 Meters are an altogether different story. At times, it seems their beauty inspires irrational exuberance. They are sturdy, so they are good candidates for preservation or restoration. The revival of classic division 12 Meters in Newport began 30 years ago with the late Bob Tiedemann's Gleam and the local Newport fleet has grown to include eight 12 Meters built between 1928 and 1964. All but the fully-restored, 1928 Onawa have been maintained continuously with occasional, significant refits. These yachts live a mixed life as day sailing charter boats and, for their owners, racers and cruisers. There are even more Classic 12 Meters active in , most of which are privately owned and have undergone substantial restorations. In Valencia, Vanity V, Trivia and Wings, all built between 1936 and 1937 are in brand new condition. Despite being exquisite antiques, they pressed each other hard in 20 knot winds during the centennial regatta, with the winner not decided until the seventh and final race. Which brings me to the third reason for the 12 Meter revival, owners are enjoying themselves. Many owners steer or serve in other active roles and have developed their crews to include friends, very capable amateurs and a limited number of professionals. While the professional tilt is stronger in the Grand Prix Division and almost absent in the Classics, the priority on owners having fun isn't lost in any of them. With the average age of 12 Meter owners and crews not much younger than the yachts that they are racing, there is good camaraderie ashore and owners usually have a special gathering at each major regatta. Getting their yachts into pristine form gives these owners plenty of satisfaction, but the greatest enjoyment comes from competing in refined yachts that combine technical preparation and sailing skill. A ROYAL REVIVAL - THE 12 METRE CLASS Jonathon Russo 2018 If a class of boats could be like a dynastic royal family, the 12 Metre Class would qualify. These legendary have a pedigreed set of designers: individually and with Drew Sparkman (under the banner S&S), Ray Hunt, and Philip Rhodes. The 12s were helmed by an all- line-up of skippers: Ted Hood, Emil “Bus” Mosbacher Jr. and . The builders Nevins, Camper & Nicholson’s, Derecktor were the royalty of yacht yards. And the honorary chairman of the International 12 Metre Association (ITMA) for most of its history was His Highness the Aga Khan. The 12 metres were the America’s Cup yacht of choice from 1958 to 1987, with 10 Cup challenges in all. Today, the boats are as vibrant and vital as ever. “The 12s are enjoying a worldwide level of enthusiasm from both sailors and owners that is impressive,” says Peter Gerard, vice president of the Americas fleet. “Million-dollar restorations are the norm.” On the third floor of the Clarke Cooke House restaurant on Bannister’s Wharf in Newport, the 12s have a clubhouse with one of the coolest yacht saturated interiors in the United States. In the ‘70s, the restaurant was the hangout for and the crew. David Ray, the Cooke House’s owner, encouraged the group to use the third floor as its permanent meeting place. The room is redolent of smoke filled victory nights, dark wood and history. Light reflects off the hand-hewn beams. Think 17th century pub on the London docks. Moved from the Museum of shortly after the club was commissioned in 2012, the trophies and half-hulls lining the walls speak to the effort and brilliance that went into these yachts’ racing campaigns. “The interest in the fleet is at an all-time high,” says James Gubelmann, club commodore since 2010. “The class is competitive again, with boats from abroad participating in our regattas.” The 12s were born in 1907. Approximately 70 feet long, they have always been built to the International Rule, which allows for variations in length, hull design, rigging and sail plan, as long the overall design complies with the 12 Metre Class Rule. Because of the 100 plus year history, they race in divisions based primarily on age: Grand Prix, Modern, Traditional, Vintage and Antique. These divisions accommodate more than a century of developments in design, fabrication techniques and materials. About 200 of the 12s have been built. The 12 Metre Class Association maintains an online database created by historian Luigi Lang, who is also ITMA’s vice president for the South Europe fleet. For example, the listing for Westra, built by Camper & Nicholson’s in 1934, reads, “Damaged by air raid and broken up.” Many of the 12s are iconic for their successes in America’s Cup campaigns. Yachts such as , , Vim, Intrepid, Courageous, and Stars and Stripes are known worldwide. The 12s inherited the Cup mantle from the dinosaur-sized, crew of 30, J-Class boats. The Js became financially impractical in the post- war era, and the much smaller 12s took their place. A ROYAL REVIVAL - THE 12 METRE CLASS Construction of the 12s followed boatbuilding evolution in general. The first were made of wood, then metal cores (knees and frames) with wood planking, then all aluminium like Courageous, and finally, fiberglass. It is still possible to sail on boats constructed of all these materials. The latest one built is the retro, wooden Siesta, launched in 2015 and based on a 1938 Third Rule design by . Gerard says people keep building the 12s because of their style and more. “The 12s are some of the most beautiful boats afloat,” he says. “Their lines are graceful, and they sail like a proper yacht. They were built to a rule that has proved its worth for more than 100 years.” The class is one year into a three-year World Championship campaign. There are three fleets: Americas, Northern Europe and Southern Europe. Each has held 16 regional regattas known as Waypoints, with 12 more to go. The finale, in July 2019, is scheduled to be in Newport, Rhode Island, the same waters that hosted past America’s Cup races. It is timed to coincide with the New York ’s 175th Anniversary Regatta. “This year in America, five regattas will be held in and around Newport and Martha’s Vineyard,” Gerard says. “We anticipate that 10 to 12 boats will race.” Some owners are seriously dedicated to preserving the class’s history. Dennis Williams owns three 12s: , Victory 83 and USA 61. “We are only guardians of these boats,” he says. “We want to leave them better than we found them.” According to Sail Newport Executive Director Brad Read, who helms Gunther Buerman’s New Zealand (KZ 3), beyond the boats’ historic importance, there is no better sailing experience in terms of balance.

All trimmed up, they are special.” Read’s brother, Ken Read racing skipper of the 100-foot maxi Comanche and tactician aboard (KA 10) added,

“The revival of the 12 Metres in Newport is nothing short of spectacular. Not just from a historical perspective, but from a natural beauty and awesome racing perspective as well. Sailing the 12s is such a contrast to many of today’s modern race boats. You must relearn what you were taught 25 years ago. Guys and sheets and spinnaker poles and big overlapping genoas ... my God! Other top sailors who love the Twelves are Robbie Doyle and Gary Jobson, both of whom were on board in America’s Cup competitions. A ROYAL REVIVAL - THE 12 METRE CLASS

But the 12s are not modern race boats. Their top speed, even on a reach, is 12 knots. That makes them fun for even novices to be aboard. Three charter companies out of Newport make that happen, and can arrange everything from day sails to multiday charters to regatta campaigns. They work with individual sailors as well as groups. The company 12 Meter Charters has Columbia (US 16), the first 12 Metre to win the America’s Cup, in 1958, and Heritage (US 23), the last wooden Cup boat built. For a vintage 12 Metre charter experience, Sea Scope Charters offers the 1937 Gleam (US 11), the 1938 Olin Stephens Northern Light (US 14) and the 1928 W. Starling Burgess Onawa (US-6). America’s Cup Charters offers American (US 21), Weatherly (US- 17), Intrepid (US 22) and American Nefertiti (US 19). “These boats are completely restored, in racing shape,” says America’s Cup Charters co-owner Herb Marshall, who is already preparing for next summer’s racing finale. “Our clients charter them for corporate team-building and regattas. Individuals can take sunset sails. All four boats are booked with charters for the 2019 championship regatta.” The 12 Metre Rule

This formula inputs speed producing factors (length (L), sail area (SA), freeboard (F), and a girth measurement (2D)) through a simple mathematical formula. In order for a yacht to be a Twelve Metre the results of this formula must not exceed 12 Metres. To limit the likelihood that one 12 Metre design would be vastly superior to another and promote fair and competitive racing there are other restrictions on design measurements of 12 Metre racing yachts. Maximum and minimum parameters on mast and headsail height, draft and beam are applied to 12 Metre racing yachts to ensure that there is not too much diversity among boats. 12meterscharters.com YouTube presentation - Courageous syndicate heads explain how and why they own a 12 metre yacht - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOgnEI6yfIo 12 METRE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS HELSINKI FINLAND 2020

The International 12 Metre Class’ 2020 World Championship will be held in Helsinki from August 16 - 23, hosted by Finland’s premier yacht Club, Nyländska Jaktklubben, (NJK). The active Baltic 12 metre Fleet is 16 yachts strong and primarily comprised of Vintage (Pre - WW II) Twelves. The 112 year-old International 12 Metre Class encompasses a living history of racing yacht design by the world’s foremost naval architects including Olin Stephens, Clinton Crane, William Fife III, Philip Rhodes, Johan Anker, and more who pushed their designs to the very limits of innovation. The resulting boats represented the pinnacle of yacht development from 1907-1987 for the highest levels of international sailing competition, the (1908-1920) and the America’s Cup (1958-1987).

Founded in 1861, the Nyländska Jaktklubben, NJK is Finland’s premier yacht club as well as its oldest registered sports organization. The iconic green roofed clubhouse, located on the beautiful island of Blekholmen is situated in Helsinki’s South Harbour, adjacent to the city centre with berths for 125 yachts, including space for up to 20 International 12 Metres. NJK accommodates their 2500 plus members, berths 440 sailing yachts, 90 dinghies and 374 motorboats at their two main harbours in Helsinki as well as at an additional 10 outstations in the Finnish archipelago, with the most westerly on the Åland Islands.

NJK has been the forerunner of Finnish culture and has a long history with the Metre Classes. In 2019, the Club hosted the 5.5 metre World Championship and in recent history, they organized World Championships for the Class in 2013 and for the Class in 2011.

Nyländska Jaktklubben has a long history with the and other North American clubs. As a founding member of the North American Station in 1945, along with the Royal Swedish Yacht Club, the Royal Danish Yacht Club and the Royal Norwegian Yacht Club, NJK has been a pioneer in the promotion of close ties between North American and Nordic yachtsmen. Finland’s premier yacht Club Nyländska Jaktklubben located on the island of Blekholmen

After a phenomenal 12 metre World Championship in Newport, Rhode Island the NJK yacht club in Helsinki and the International Twelve Metre Association (ITMA) are moving at full speed to organize the next 12 metre Worlds in Helsinki from August 16 - 23, 2020. Approximately 15 to 20 International 12 metre yachts raced by teams from a dozen countries are expected to compete.

The European vintage fleet will be well represented and the organizers have high hopes for representatives for the Modern and Grand Prix division boats as well. Blue Marlin FIN-1 and the 2017 European champion Wings K-15 raced by a Danish Finnish syndicate, will both sail under the flag of the event host NJK, the oldest yacht club in Finland, which was founded in 1863. 12 METRE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS 2020

It has been more than 30 years since the memorable 1988 12 metre Worlds at Luleå the last 12 Metre World Championship to be sailed in the Northern Baltic. ITMA Vice President Patrick Howaldt said: “The rapidly growing interest for the Twelves in Northern Europe is a testimony to the Class. Combined with NJK’s reputation for world class racing, glamorous social events and a vibrant Helsinki location, we expect the 2020 Worlds to exceed every 12 metre event previously raced in the Baltic.

The fleet will include the 2019 European Champion, Howaldt’s famous Sparkman & Stephens design Vim US-15, the recently rebuilt Jenetta K-1 and Wilfried Beeck’s Trivia K-10, both representing Germany, will also face off against the reigning 12 metre Vintage Champion, Patrizio Bertelli’s Nyala US-12 representing Italy and the Southern Europe 12 metre fleet.

“After sailing Blue Marlin since 2014 in Continental Europe and recently in Newport, it will be exciting to race in my hometown waters with a fleet of impressive size,” said 2020 Worlds event chairman, Henrik Andersin. “This will be a historic occasion for us; no 12 metre has raced in Finland since WWI.

We are hopeful that all 15 of the Northern European 12 metre fleet will participate and be joined by additional 12s from Southern Europe and the United States as well as some of the oldest gaff-rigged 12s in Europe.” The organizers are currently working on logistics solutions that would enable participants from other continents to have their boats shipped to Helsinki for a reasonable fee.

The 2020 12 Metre World Championship will witness a spectacular battle, as the new European 12 metre champion Vim (US-15) will race against the serial World champion Nyala (US-12) in Helsinki. Historically Vim has more wins, but lately Nayala has been hard to beat.

The last time these two legendary yachts raced was in 2014 at Barcelona, where Nyala claimed the World Championship. The contenders are both Sparkman & Stephens designs, built just one year apart, 1939 and 1938.

The clear goal for next season and our participation at the 2020 Worlds is to beat our tough Baltic competition, but primarily to try to take the World Championship title from the Vintage Division title holder, Nyala,” said Vim syndicate head Patrick Howaldt.

Nyala announced its participation in Helsinki while at this year’s Worlds at Newport. More competitors are expected to announce plans for their participation in the Helsinki Worlds 2020 in the weeks ahead.

For information please contact: Patrick Howaldt c/o the Vim Syndicate phone +45 40583922 More info for - Nyala (US-12) More info for - Vim (US-15) For more information visit these websites: https://12mrworlds.com/ www.12mrclass.com https://12metreyachtclub.org/

12 METRE WORLDS 2020 CONTACTS Event chairman: Henrik Andersin [email protected] Sponsorship: Thomas Ahlström - [email protected] Media & Comms: Kim Weckström - [email protected] Social: Edward Krogius [email protected] [email protected] Logistics: Kristian Räme - [email protected] Social Responsibility & On Shore Activities: Johanna Catani - [email protected] Program Management: Carolina Andersin - [email protected] International 12 Metre Class: Sally Anne Santos - [email protected]

VIDEO’S Blue Marlin - https://vimeo.com/106895763 NYALA US 12 LAUNCHED 1939

The perfect 12 metre genoa, angle of attack at 38 degrees, depth at say 12 to 16 percent (bottom to top stripe) and draft from 45 to 35 percent at the top stripe!! 12 METRE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS NEWPORT RHODE ISLAND USA 8 - 13 JULY 2019 Leigh Dorrington 2019

About the 12 metre World Championship

Scheduled for 8 - 13 July, the 2019 12 metre World Championship is expected to draw more than 30 historic 12 metre yachts, also referred to as “Twelves”. The participating Twelves will come from around the globe and feature vintage twelves in addition to America’s Cup era Traditional, Modern and Grand Prix Twelves. The 12 metre is one of the original yacht designs built to comply with the International Rule. The 12 metres first gained worldwide attention when they were selected for the Olympic Games in 1908, 1912 and 1920. Prior to World War II, they were highly sought-after racer cruisers, both in Europe and America.

In the mid - 1950 s, they were chosen by the New York Yacht Club to replace the giant J - Class yachts for the post-war revival of America’s Cup competition. The 12 metre class continued to be synonymous with the America’s cup competition and Newport Rhode Island until 1983 when the yacht Australia II won the Auld Mug in seven races, ending the 132-year winning streak that is the longest in sporting history.

For more information visit: https://12mrworlds.com/ and http://www.12mrclass.com for info contact Peter Gerard at [email protected]

America II - US 46 racing off Fremantle Australia in 1987 THE INTERNATIONAL 12 METRE CLASS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Metre The 12 metre class is a rating class for racing sailboats that are designed to the International rule. It enables fair competition between boats that rate in the class whilst retaining the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs. The designation "12 metre" does not refer to any single measurement on the boat and is not referencing the vessels overall length, rather, measures the sum of the components directed by the formula which governs design and construction parameters. Typically 12 metre class boats range from 65 to 75 feet (about 20 to 23 m) in length overall; they are Bermudian rigged, with masts roughly 85 feet (26 m) tall. The first 12 metres were built in 1907. The 12 metre class was used in the Olympic Games of 1908, 1912 and 1920 but few boats participated in these events. The 12 metre class boats are best known as the boat design used in the America's Cup from 1958 to 1987. Competitiveness between boats in the class is maintained by requiring the boats to be in compliance with the 12 metre formula. Designers and builders are required to take into account such things as the sail area, the boat length at the waterline and the boat beam (the measurement around the boat from one sideboard, under the keel, and then over the deck on the opposite side back to the original side). The measurements are then weighted in the formula. For example, the present formula takes the square root of the sail area rather than total area. The combination of weighted measurements must be less than or equal to 12 metres. Designers are free to change any of the component variables, as well as other details, such as the size of the rudder and keel, so long as the corresponding changes elsewhere produce an ultimate sum of 12 metres and the resulting boat is both seaworthy and safe. Though disparity between boats is minimized by the rule, enough variation exists so that races are as much about design and construction as they are about seamanship and tactics. In addition to design there are other factors which affect racing results. There are other 12 metre designs which are fast boats but struggled to reach their full potential due to inadequate crewing or lack of preparation or bad luck or a combination of both. In the America's Cup era it will always be a matter of debate but Vim, Intrepid, Courageous, Australia II, and Stars and Stripes 87 are generally considered to be the best 12 metres in terms of design excellence and performance on course. A 12 metre is classified as belonging to one of three periods. Each period is defined as a range of dates which coincided with a particular type of keel or rudder design becoming widespread.

 Division A  Also called Grand Prix, this subclass starts when winged keels became the norm. It covers all 12 metre yachts built with winged keels and all constructed after 1983. Australia II, launched in 1982, was the first wing keeled 12 metre so is considered the first of this division. USA (US 61), also fits into this category, even though its keel structure is different from the standard winged keel of the class. It is also the only 12 metre to have a "canard" or rudder mounted forward of the keel.  Division B (Modern)  Starts when a skeg mounted rudder separated from the keel became the norm. It includes all 12 metres built during the period 1968 - 1983. Intrepid is considered the first modern even though it was built in 1967 since it was the first 12 Metre to use a skeg mounted rudder. It excludes Australia II, built in 1982, which is in period A due to its winged keel design.  Division C (Classic)  All other 12 metre class yachts built before 1968 but excluding Intrepid which is in period B by virtue of its skeg mounted rudder design. Divisions D (vintage) and E (antique) are the remaining two divisions based on the year of construction including antique (most of which are in fact gaff rigged). Older sloop rigged yachts like Vim and Onawa fit into the vintage category; yachts like Erna Signe belong to the antique division.  In the early 21st century interest in ownership and restoration of 12 metres was such that specialist restoration companies would speculatively locate old boats under threat of destruction and publicize the availability in order to attract the funding for a full restoration.

Potential entry list for the 2019 World 12 Metre Championships Grand Prix Division

KZ 3 - New Zealand KZ 5 - Laura KZ 7 - Kiwi K 24 - Crusader KA 12 - Kookaburra II KA 15 - Kookaburra III US 42 - America II US 46 - America II Modern Division KA 10 - Challenge 12 K 18 - Lionheart US 22 - Intrepid K 22 - Victory 83 US 24 - Valiant US 26 - Weatherly US 27 - US 30 - Freedom US 32 - Clipper US 33 - Defender Tradition Division US 16 - Columbia US 17 - Weatherly US 18 - Easterner US 19 - Nefertiti US 21 - American Eagle

Vintage US 5 - Onawa N 11 - Verna US 11 - Gleam US 14 - Northern Light K 17 - Blue Marlin World 12 metre championships 2011 vintage division 12 metre Americas Cup legends Ted Turner and Dennis Connor

RESULTS 2019 - 12 METRE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

2019 International 12 Metre Association World Championship Preliminary Cumulative Results

display Select to view a specific Class:

Sail Yacht Race Race Race Race Race Race Race Race Race Yacht Name Owner/Skipper Yacht Club Total

Number Design 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 World Championship Racing One Design Division

12m - Grand Prix

1. KZ 5 Legacy 12 Metre Thomas Andersen / KDY 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 16.0

2. KZ 3 New Zealand 12 Metre Gunther & Maggie Buerman NYYC 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 17.0

Kookaburra

3. KA 12 12 Metre / Patrizio Bertelli Yacht Club Italiano 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 2 21.0

II

4. KZ 7 Kiwi Magic 12 Metre Johan Blach Petersen Marselisborg Sejlklub 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 36.0

12m - Modern

1. KA 10 Challenge 12 12 Metre Jack LeFort NYYC/CYC 1 2 1 1 2 4 9/DSQ 1 1 22.0

2. US 27 Enterprise 12 Metre Clayton & Nancy Deutsch NYYC 3 4 3 3 1 1 2 2 5 24.0

Ralph Isham / Steve Glascock / Alexander

3. US 26 Courageous 12 Metre NYYC 2 1 2 4 4 2 3 3 3 24.0 Auersperg / Ward Marsh

4. K 22 Victory '83 12 Metre Dennis Williams NYYC 4 6 4 2 3 3 1 4 2 29.0

5. US 22 Intrepid 12 Metre Jack Curtin New York 6 3 5 6 6 7 4 5 6 48.0

6. US 30 Freedom 12 Metre Charles Robertson New York 5 5 6 5 5 5 6 9/DSQ 4 50.0

7. US 33 Defender 12 Metre Dick Enersen Sausalito YC 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 8/SCP 7 61.0

8. K 18 Lionheart 12 Metre Harry Graves New York Yacht Club 8 8 8 8 9/DNS 9/DNS 7 6 9/DNF 72.0

12m - Traditional

1. US 16 Columbia 12 Metre Kevin Hegarty / Anthony Chiurco 12 meter 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 14.0

American

2. US 21 12 Metre Eagle 2019 Syndicate NYYC 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 2 5/DNF 20.0

Eagle

3. US 19 Nefertiti 12 Metre Jon Sears Wullschleger New York 3 3 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 22.0

4. US 18 Easterner 12 Metre Scott Bernard Annapolis Yacht Club 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 5/DNS 45.0

12m - Vintage

1. US 12 Nyala 12 Metre Mauro Pelaschier / Patrizio Bertelli Yacht Club Italiano 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.0

Jim Blanusha / Steven Gewirz / Louis Girard /

2. US 6 Onawa 12 Metre NYYC 2 1 3 2 2 4/SCP 2 2 2 20.0 Earl McMillen / Mark Watson Nylandska

3. FIN 1 Blue Marlin 12 Metre Henrik Andersin 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 25.0 Jaktklubben (NJK)

4. N 11 Vema III 12 Metre Eric A. Svenkerud KNS 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 35.0

12m- Spirit

Manhattan Yacht

1. US 42 America II 12 Metre Scott Curtis 3/DNF 1 2 1 1 3/DNF 1 2 1 15.0 Club Manhattan Yacht

2. US 46 America II 12 Metre Michael Fortenbaugh 1 2 1 2 2 3/DNF 2 1 2 16.0 Club

The formula and rules http://media.12mrclass.com/data/PDFs/Class-Rules/12M-Class-Rule-2018-WS-ApprovedforPublication.pdf?rev=66A9 The formula and associated rules for designing and constructing 12 metre yachts has been modified several times from inception in racing. The purpose of the formula and rules was to encourage designer's creativity to optimize designs to get the best overall performance when racing while still maintaining competitive racing postures between different designs. Although the formula and rules allowed for some creativity they were also intended to be comprehensive enough to eliminate loop holes which could result in an extreme design which conformed to the 12 metre rule but completely outclassed other contemporary designs on the race course. If the rules were considered to be too loose then it would discourage the building of new 12 metre yachts for fear of a new boat being outclassed even before it was launched. The rules were typically updated in response to advances in areas such as material technology (e.g. metal masts versus wooden masts), design technology (e.g. use of the wind tunnel to design sails and sail/mast combinations, advances in fluid dynamics), and equipment (e.g. winch technology). The rule has four distinct periods:

First rating rule from 1907 - 1920. Second rating rule from 1920 - 1933. Third rating rule, the America's Cup rule from 1956 - 1987 Associated with the formula is an extremely comprehensive set of rules. The rules can be classified into two main areas: rules concerning safety and rules to ensure competitive racing. For example, the maximum total area of all cockpits is specified to minimise the chance of a boat being swamped in rougher seas. Structural requirements are specified to ensure that strength is not sacrificed by the need to get weight low down in the keel. Materials are specified plus numerous other details concerning all aspects of the boat. The intention is to challenge designers but ensure competitive racing.

12 METRE CLASS RULE SECTION B - INTERNATIONAL FORMULA 5 RATING The rating in metres is given by the formula:

L + 2D - F + √S Rating = ------= 12 metres 2.37

L = length (metres) D = girth difference (metres) F = freeboard (metres) S = sail area (square metres)

Erna Signe won silver at the 1912 Summer Olympics The America's Cup racing resumed in 1958 after World War II by a syndicate led by Henry Sears. More economical vessels were desired to replace the huge and expensive J - class yachts that were raced in the 1930s; the 12 metre class was selected. In September 1956, a Royal Yacht Squadron syndicate was formed to build a 12 metre for the 1958 America's Cup. The UK challenger was selected based on model tank testing and David Boyd's second design was chosen. was launched at the yard of Alexander Robertson and Sons Ltd on 2 April 1958, but lost to the New York Yacht Club yacht Columbia in September 1958. Alexander Robertson and Sons Ltd also built two of the earliest 12-Metres: Heatherbell (designer Thomas Glen - Coats, 1907), Cyra (designer Alfred Mylne, 1909). In 1987, use of the 12 metre class was ended, switching to International America's Cup Class yachts for the 1992 competition. Philip Williamson principal of the Great Australian Squeeze Company and owner of Australia KA 5 The Great Australian Squeeze is a proudly Australian owned family business that produces the freshest, finest orange juice in Australia. Our juice is grown, squeezed and bottled on farm, ensuring a premium product at an affordable price for the Australian public. Over 60 years ago Walter John and Winifred Ruth Williamson purchased a sand hill at Barham on the banks of the Murray River, in southern NSW Australia. They built their home nearby and named the property Kurrnung. Their son, Philip Williamson, together with his wife Sandra, developed Kurrnung into a highly productive, 290 acre citrus orchard. In 2012 Philip and Sandra, along with their daughter Emma, further expanded the Kurrnung orchard to include an on-farm processing and bottling plant capable of producing 2000 litres of juice per hour and - The Great Australian Squeeze was born. Today the fourth generation of the Williamson family is growing up on the property and the established orchard consists of navel and valencia oranges, grapefruit, lemons and limes and produces more than 6000 tonnes of fresh Australian citrus fruit each year.

KA 5 Australia owners Philip & Sandra Williamson, daughter Emma and grandchildren Amy and Ty http://thegreataustraliansqueeze.com/

AUSTRALIA KA 5 SPECIFICATIONS

Year February 1977 Current Sail Number KA 5 International Rule International Third Rule America's Cup Current Status Excellent Current Location Current Country Australia Designer Bob Miller & Johan Valentijn Builder Steve E. Ward & Brian Raley Length Overall 19.81 m. Waterline 13.71 m. Beam 3.71 m. Draught 2.74 m. Displacement 24.85 t. Sail Area 168 sq. m Construction Aluminium Original Owner America’s Cup Challenge 1977 Ltd Original Name Australia Other Names Temeraire 1980 Original Country Australia Original Homeport Yanchep Original Sail Number KA 5 Current owner/s - Kurrnung Matlock Pty Ltd c/o Philip and Sandra Williamson who are citrus farmers located at Barham on the Murray River in New South Wales Australia.

1980 - Australia KA 5 v Freedom US 30

AUSTRALIA KA 5 TIMELINE Owner details and history 1976 - 1979 America’s Cup Challenge 1977 Ltd name: Australia home port: Yanchep WA Australia, Challenger for the 23rd America’s Cup match in 1977. teams up with Bob Miller with the young Dutch designer Johan Valentjin, who had worked with Sparkman & Stephens on Courageous in 1974. Her design is an evolution of (she is 3.6 tons lighter and she has 6 square metres more sail area). This yacht was built after exhaustive tests with five models in the test tank of the Dutch University of Delf she has V shaped mid-ship sections, low freeboard and a large bustle; the ballast is placed very low; the elliptical mast is made in extruded aluminium. She dominates her trial-horse Southern Cross in all trims. She defeated II (KA 3), France I (F I) and Sverige (S 3) in the challenge trials but she lost the America's Cup match to Courageous (US 26) skippered by Ted Turner by a score of 4 - 0 at Newport Rhode Island USA 1979 - 1980 West Australian Syndicate 1980 Ltd home port: Western Australia altered by Ben Lexcen in 1979/80 with redesigned rigging, sails and a longer keel, from which lead is removed and part of which is put into the bottom of the hull, a bigger trim tab, a new and deeper rudder, a new mast with hydraulically adjustable spreaders and modifications to the bustle and the bottom of the keel. 1980 America's Cup Challenge 1980 Ltd home port: Yanchep, Western Australia. In March, Sir is appointed skipper and the yacht is shipped to Newport as Challenger for the 24th match in 1980. In the challenge trials she defeated Sverige, Lionheart and France III, but in the America’s Cup she was defeated by Freedom (US 30) skippered by Dennis Conner by a score of 4 - 1 1980 - 1983 Victory syndicate re named Temeraire as a trial-horse for Victory '82 and '83 1985 Eastern Australia America's Cup defence (Syd Fisher) returned to her original name Australia, home port: Sydney NSW Australia as a trial-horse for Steak 'n Kidney KA 14 1986 - 2003 Owner Syd Fischer home port: Sydney NSW Australia 2004 - 2011 Owner Philip Williamson home port: Airlie Beach QLD Australia. ‘Australia’ is refitted for charter. 2011 - 2018 Owner Philip Williamson home port: Sydney NSW Australia together with Steak 'n Kidney is available for charter on Sydney Harbour for match racing America's Cup results (Australia KA 5 is the only yacht in the history of the America’s Cup to Challenge on two consecutive occasions) 1977 - 23rd America's Cup Challenge: Australia (skipper: Noel Robinson) V Courageous (skipper: Ted Turner): defeated 0 - 4 1980 - 24th America's Cup Challenge: Australia (skipper: Sir James Hardy) V Freedom (skipper: Dennis Conner): defeated 1 - 4 1982 - Fourth World 12 metre Championships Newport Rhode Island USA

Intrepid US 22 (1967) Couragous US 26 (1974) and Freedom US 30 (1979) racing in the 2017 Newport Cup 12 metre Worlds Perth Western Australia 1986 - Australia II KA 6 leading US 42 Star n Stripes

In early 1986, a series of races were held of Fremantle Australia as a precursor to the 1987 America’s Cup. Dubbed the 12 Metre World Championship, a dozen syndicates competed in what they considered a “shakedown series” to test their boats against the competition. Some of the teams had new builds, their first development boats. Others hit the line with retrofit, or modified yachts. Many programs built three to four boats in the lead up to the 1987 Cup. Strong winds led to an extreme regatta, leading to four masts, a dozen booms and numerous sails being destroyed and a few crew members overboard! Australia III, the heavy-weather Ben Lexcen designed successor to Australia II won the series. The New Zealand yacht K Z 5, a fiberglass Bruce Farr design, came second, with the New York Yacht Club entrant America II third. International 12 metre yacht images

Challenge 12 KA 10 Gretel KA 1 Australia’s first challenger for the America’s Cup in 1962 Vintage gaff rigged 12 metre