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Microprocessori

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Microprocessori Microprocessori R.k.e. edizioni Antonio Pucci Microprocessori R.k.e. edizioni Indice Introduzione Cpu o microprocessore pagina 7 Il primo processore pagina 8 Elenco dei processori per anno pagina 11 Elenco dei processori per codice pagina 27 Net-o-grafia pagina 61 5 Introduzione CPU o microprocessore Un microprocessore spesso abbreviato con µP è esempio di microprocessore un componente elettronico digitale formato da permise di ridurre transistor racchiuso in uno significativamente i costi dei o più circuiti integrati. calcolatori. Uno o più processori sono Dagli anni 80 in poi i utilizzati come Cpu da un microprocessori sono sistema di elaborazione praticamente l’unica digitale come può essere un implementazione di Cpu. personal computer, un palmare, un telefono cellulare o un altro dispositivo digitale. La costruzione dei microprocessori fu resa possibile dall’avvento della tecnologia Lsi: integrando una Cpu completa in un solo chip 7 Il primo processore L’ obbiettivo del progetto era pre-programmate. Comunque sia nel 1971 equipaggiare il nuovo F-14 Il 17 settembre 1971 che nel 1976 Intel e Ti Tomcat che allora era in annunciò il modello Tms stipularono un accordo sviluppo. 1802 Nc, programmabile, in cui Intel pagava a Ti Il progetto venne che poteva essere i diritti per l’utilizzo del completato nel 1970 e utilizzato per implementare suo brevetto. Un riassunto utilizzava integrati mos per un calcolatore. della storia e contenuto nella il core della Cpu. L’ Intel 4004, processore a documentazione che Intel Il microprocessore Il proggetto era semplice e 4 Bit, venne presentato il 15 presentò in tribunale quando apparve appena la tecnologia innovativo e novembre 1971 e fu fu chiamata in giudizio da lo consentì dato che l’idea vinse sui competitori sviluppato da Federico Cyrix per violazione dei di integrare i componenti elettromeccanici Faggin. brevetti e Ti intervenne di una Cpu in un singolo venendo utilizzato fin dai come proprietario del circuito integrato era una primi Tomcat. Ti presentò la prima brevetto originario. soluzione logica. Purtroppo la marina richiesta di brevetto per il Quasi contemporaneamente americana microprocessore. Interessante è il fatto che infatti iniziarono lo considerò il progetto tanto Gary Boone ottenne recentemente Intel e Ti sviluppo l’Intel 4004 il innovativo che impedì la l’assegnazione del brevetto abbiano affermato di avere Texas Instruments Tms pubblicazione di articoli sul U.S. Patent 3,757,306 per brevetti che potrebbero 1000, e il Garrett sistema fino al l’architettura di un coprire il brevetto AiResearch 1997, per cui questo microprocessore a singolo del “microprocessore”. Central Air Data microprocessore rimase chip il 4 settembre 1973. In questa pagina web Ti e Computer. Nel 1968 semisconosciuto. Non è mai stato reso noto Intel predatano il brevetto Garrett iniziò a sviluppare se realmente l’azienda avesse descrivendo un sistema elettronico per Texas Instruments (Ti) avuto il microprocessore un microcontrollore che competere con i sistemi sviluppo in sistema Tms funzionante nei suoi potrebbe coprire elettromeccanici utilizzati 1000 a 4 Bit per laboratori. il brevetto nei caccia militari. applicazioni embedded 8 9 del microprocessore essendo nell’aprile del 1972, Elenco il progetto indicato riscuotendo un certo dei processori concettualmente simile: successo, creando il primo Gary Boone vero mercato per i per anno e Michael J. Cochran microprocessori: fu la presso la Ti ne base del famoso computer depositarono il brevetto, U.S. Mark-8 venduto in scatola Patent 4,074,351, che pur di montaggio da essendo più simile a un Radio-Electronics nel Benchè ci siano quasi tutti i microcontroller potrebbe 1973. processori la lista non è del intel 4004 coprire anche quello del tutto completa intel 8080 microprocessore. 1968 / 70 Il progetto era semplice e Secondo “A History of Nel 1968 Garrett iniziò a innovativo e vinse sui Modern Computing’”, (Mit sviluppare un sistema competitori elettromeccanici Press), pp. 220–21, Intel elettronico per competere venendo utilizzato fin dai venne contattata dalla con i sistemi primi Tomcat. Computer Terminals elettromeccanici utilizzati Purtroppo la marina Corporation (in seguito nei caccia militari. americana considerò il nota come Datapoint) di L’ obbiettivo del progetto era progetto tanto innovativo San Antonio Tx per equipaggiare il nuovo che impedì la pubblicazione l’acquisto dell’integrato che F14 Tomcat che allora era di articoli sul sistema fino al stava sviluppando. in sviluppo. 1997, per cui questo In seguito Datapoint decise Il progetto venne microprocessore rimase di non utilizzare l’integrato e completato nel 1970 e semisconosciuto. Intel lo immise sul utilizzava integrati Mos per mercato come 8008 il core della Cpu. 10 11 intel 4040 motorola 6806 intel 8080 motorola 6809 intel 8080 motorola 6800 intel 8086 zlog z-80 1972 1973 Il 6800 un microprocessore 1976 Secondo “A History Il primo microprocessore a prodotto da Motorola Dal progetto 8080 venne of Modern Computing” 16 Bit fu il National In contemporanea derivato il clone Z80 8-Bit Intel lo immise sul mercato Semiconductor Imp-16 usciva dalla Ti prodotto dalla Zilog, come 8008 8-Bit nell’aprile basato su più integrati. il Tms 9900 16-Bit, società fondata da alcuni del 1972, la famiglia venne espansa fuoriusciti dalla Intel. riscuotendo un certo 1975 con il 99105 e il 99110. successo, creando il primo Mos Technology 6502 Altri sistemi multichip a Come personal computer vero mercato per i era ispirato all’architettura 16- Bit furono l’ Lsi-11 inizio a circolare l’Apple I microprocessori: Fu la del 6800 8-Bit. 16-Bit prodotto da Digital con tecnologia Mos base del famoso computer National presento il primo Equipment Corporation Technology 6502. Mark-8 venduto in scatola microprocessore a 16 Bit e l’Intel 8085. di montaggio da Radio su singolo chip Electronics nel 1973 il Pace 16- Bit, che fu Intel 8080 il 4004 8-Bit seguito dalla versione Nmos altro processore intel che chiamata Ins 8900 16- bit. venne dopo. 12 13 intel 8088 intel 80286 motorola 68020 intel 80386 intel 8086 1977 ad arrivare sul mercato dei 1980 intro prodotti da Oem. Come personal computer personal computer fu però Tra l’inizio e la metà degli In quel periodo la Sequent inizio a circolare l’ Apple II il Motorola 68000 ma un anni 80 presentò il primo sistema e l’Apple I s.e. con tecnolo- bus dati a 16-Bit National Semiconductor server Smp basato su Ns gia Mos Technology 6502 Personal computer venne presentarono una versione a 32032. Commodore Pet. usato dall’Apple Lisa e dal 32 Bit del loro precedente Questi sistemi vennero Macintosh e da molti altri processore, il processore abbandonati alla fine degli 1978 sistemi, e anche Olivetti lo chiamato Ns 16032 aveva ani 80. Intel 8086 16- Bit. impiegò sulla sua linea una piedinatura compatibile Altre architetture come di minicomputer con la versione a 16-Bit. l’interessante Zilog Z8000 1979 denominata L1. Il successore con 32-Bit arrivarono troppo Motorola 6809, uno dei Intel 8088 16-Bit piedinatora in grado di tardi sul mercato e non più potenti e ortogonali trasmettere 32-Bit di dati ebbero seguito. processori a 8-Bit e indirizzi fu l’Ns 32032 mai sviluppati. che venne utilizzato in una Il primo processore a 32-Bit linea di computer industriali 14 15 motorola 68030 inel386 intel i960 motorola 68040 1980 in circolazione Apple IIc e 1984 successori, il We 321000 e il Bellmac-32° IIe tecnologia La Western Design We 32200. 32-Bit prodotto dalla At&t processore 65C02 Center, Inc. Motorola Mc 68010. Bell Labs questi processori furono Presento il Intel 80186. alla base della “rivoluzione” Cmos 65816 16-Bit Personal computer 65816 degli home computer, poiché Intel 8086 16-Bit 16-Bit fu il cuore 1982 grazie al loro basso prezzo Intel 8088 8-Bit dell’ Apple IIgs The Western Design permisero la realizzazione di Intel 80186 16-Bit e del Super Nintendo Center, Inc. Wdc veri computer ad un costo Intel 80286 16-Bit Entertainment System presentò nel il 65C02 accessibile. Bellmac-32° 32-Bit l’8088, che venne impegato 8-Bit l’Rca Rca 1802 8-Bit dopo lo smembramento nel primo Ibm Pc Signetics 2650 8-Bit conosciuto anche come della At&t il modello 5150. 80186 16-bit Cdp1802 o Rca Cosmac microprocessore venne fu sviluppato da Intel Cpu per applicazioni rinominato We 32000 Intel 80286 spaziali. We da Western Electric Personal computer e vennero sviluppati due 16 17 motorola 68050 inteli860xp intel486dx power pc 1985 Strato di interconnessione 1985 intro significato con l’avanzare Intel 80386, la prima superiore dell’ Intel 80486 Con Ia-32, a volte i386, della tecnologia. versione su mercato a Dx. si definisce l’architettura o 32-Bit. l’instruction set dei Motorola 68020 la prima I progetti a 16 Bit erano microprocessori prodotti da versione con bus dati e disponibili da pochi anni Intel, Amd e altre indirizzi a 32-Bit. quando sul mercato compagnie minori per il Motorola 68030 32-Bit iniziarono ad apparire mercato desktop a partire dal introdusse la Mmu nel architetture a 32 Bit. 1985, che è presente nella microprocessore grandissima maggioranza dei personal computer personal computer esistenti Amiga 500, al mondo. 386 Macos, Spesso viene definita un’ architettura Cisc, ma queste distinzioni stanno sempre più perdendo 18 19 power pc power pc power pc power pc 1986 1987 1990 1995 Motorola 68040 32-Bit Intel i960 o 80960. L’ Intel i486 Dx K5 è un microprocessore inserì il coprocessore o anche 80486. compatibile X86 sviluppato matematico nel 1988 da Amd e introdotto con microprocessore e miglioro L’ 88000 detto anche M88k 1991 clock programmabili per. notevolmente le sue è un microprocessore PowerPC è un’architettura competere direttamente con prestazioni. progettato e prodotto di microprocessori Risc l’ Intel Pentium. L’80386 dx fu il primo da Motorola.
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