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The a Rosen1ountestate 985 0 2 The A Rosen1ountEstate. 'The prestige wine of Australia: "We .1elected 'the pre.1tigewine of Au.1tralia 'a,J our .1ignature .1oon after the veryfint vintage at RoJemount &tale. It accurately reflected then, aJ it doeJ now, our dedicati.on to productizg the fineJt wineJ in the land. Many factor.Ihave been re.1po11Ji.hlefor the continuing JtteceJJ ofRo. 1emount wineJ. Vital factorJ like faJJourahle .1otf and cltinatic conditi.on.1; premium grape varietie.,, picked at jwt the right time from prime 11ineyard areaJ; the e.weptional talentJ of the be.1t winemaker.1 and the mo.1t advanced technofogicafuz1zoJ Jati.onJ. We are proud that RoJemount'.Jendeavour.1 in the making of quality Au.Jtralian wineJ have been recogni.1 ed internationally; Ro.1emount Eltate i.J the only AtL.Jtralian wine company to ever win the coveted Double Gold MeJal for a white wtize at the Internati.onal Wtne d Spirit Competiti.onin BriAol, U.K. Likethe triumph of Au.1tralia Ro/,,r/ I. Onlfry, Proprielorof Rru,mounl &in/,. II at Newport, Rhode I.1/and, and Au.1tralia'., many other recent JtlCCe.JJe.J in .1port, ma.1ic and the art.1, Ro.1emount'.1 growing internati.onal reputati.on for unize quality can only enhance that of A1L.Jtrafia it.1e/f." From the early selection of land in the Hunter Valley and the first plantings of grapes, the rich well-drained soil and the climate of Rosemount Estate promised superior vintagesof wine. Bob Oatley and his Family, together with a highly experienced team of enthusiastic winemakers, continue to exceed all expectations, and to prove appropriate the signature of Rosemount Estate-'the prestige wine of Australia.' \ii � � ROSEMOUNT ESfATE The prestige wine of Australia. Adrenalin 7188 AB268s/83 ustralian II living birds - the rotites. North Queenslanders Clifford and Down Frith have studied this bird at length and photographed a male cassowary incubating eggs at his nest. This world photographic first is the subject for this edition's liftout colour poster. Another highlight is our feature on roptors, or birds They are fearless, contINSIDEemptuous of humans and of prey. They are the archetypal symbol of war, j:live boldly into the midst of barbecue groups, even violence and fierceness; their killing behaviour hos carrying off pieces of sausage. The European Wasp is been the stuff of legends since primitive times. As well, an aggressive exotic pest that has established itself in their grace, serenity and soaring flight are the essence f.any partsof Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales. of dreams. he last few months have seen a rapid spread What did Australia's oldest mammal look like? Have hroughout parts of metropolitan Sydney. Read the full a look at artist Peter Schouten's reconstruction inside, ·tory inside. which is based on considerable research of a mammal The Australian Cassowary is a huge, flightless bird jaw found at Lightning Ridge. Read about that great �elated to the Emu and is a member of what many palaeontological pastime, the reconstruction of fossil rnithologists consider to be the most primitive group of animals. CONTENTS Rob Cameron, Editor. ? ... she shall hove murids wherever she goes": Rot Catching in Papua New Guinea Steven Von Dyck ............................................................................... he Sweet-tooth Invader: European Wasp Spreads �t Alarming Rote ("1P..c,tcf [} 0 11 372 \j See Robyn wm;am, L-- L�: :0: :::,� ;�=:; ��;�;�; ;;;�:; :�� fowerful Bites �!� John Freeland ......................................................................................... 377 �ore and Endangered - The Block-striped Snoke ....... 380 �obyn Williams - The Gullibility Factor: Sheldroke's �orphogenetic Field .................................................................................. 381 =orum - Whitehouse: Image Update for Notional 'arks? ...................................................................................................................... 382 tters ............................... .................................................................................... 384 ( : oster - The Australian Cassowary ................................................ 385 �ooks ....................................................................................................................... 386 Spider Fishingin the Snowy Mountains David W. Inouye ................................. ........... ..................................... 388 The Cassowary at his Nest: A Photographic First Clifford and Down Frith ............................................................... 390 Reconstructing Australia's Oldest Mammal Timothy Flannery ................................................................................ 396 Opal Fossils: Flashes from Lightning Ridge Alex Ritchie .............................................................................................. 396 [hotoort - The Urban Tree ................................................................ 399 e l . i r t s g�i in��� ��t ����.. �.�... .'. .' ... � .. ��··��· ··���· ··· ···9.��.. �.��·········· 402 The Howkesbury: A River under Threat Alan Jones .............................................................................................. 404 I Cover: Wedge-toiled Eagle, Aquila audax. Photo: Ford L. Bulldog ant, Mvrmecia gulosa. Photo: Leo Meier. Full storv ,<risto. inside. AUSTRALIAN NATURAL HISTORY 361 by Ford L. Kristo aptors (birds of prey) have spurred man's imagination since the dawn of our con­ ciousness. The duality we observe in their "psyche" is intriguing. On the one hand, he archetypal symbol of war, violence and fierceness, their aggressive killing behav­ our has been the stuff of legends since primitive times. On the other hand, their grace, serenity and soaring flight are the essence of dreams and boundless elation. istorically, raptors, along with hours. The group includes eagles, create noise as the feather posses most other predatory species. hawks and falcons. Owls generally through the air.) Consequently, on have been persecuted by work the nightshift (although the owl's prey hears nothing of the man. This in itself is not unusual - Powerful Owl has been known to attacker's approach - at least not tnterspecific rivalry between pred­ hunt during the day). Each group until it's too late. Long, brood wings ators is a fact of life. However. in possesses different adaptations allow the Wedge-toiled Eagle to ,nan's case. the intent and extent of appropriate to their respective life­ soar over open plains or rise on ther­ this persecution are highly question­ styles. mal air currents. covering great dis­ able. Add to this the effects of gross Visual acuity (sharpness of sight) tances, while expending minimal habitat alteration and destruction in some raptors is eight times that of energy. Goshawks hove short, and the residual environmental man. An eagle can spot a rat 1,500 brood wings ideally suited to the toxins that have been freely dis­ metres distant. They are also able to split-second monoevring required pensed over the past decades. and scan the horizon without moving when hunting in scrub and forest the bottom line may spell extinction their eyeballs or head. Because situations. Falcons hove long, for many species. there are few, if any, animals that narrow-tipped wings enabling them The biological adaptations of might attack them from above, to engage in high-speed pursuits raptors, acquired through eons of nature has equipped the top half of and fast-contour flying (rapid flights evolution. enabled them to become their retinas with the bulk of their one or two metres above the ground an extremely efficient and success­ allotted sensory cells. Some falcons designed to catch unaware prey in ful group of animals. Potent hunters hove block feathers underneath the open). In high-speed dives. Pere­ and excellent parents. their contin­ their eyes that act to reduce grine Falcons hove been known to lued existence in a natural environ­ reflected glare. Owls' eyes ore exceed 300 kilometres per hour. ment would be assured. But as we immovably fixed in their skulls. In The talons of roptors are versa­ are all aware. natural environments order to compensate. they hove the tile, formidable weapons. Good for are diminishing under the weight of ability to turn their heads through plucking food out of thin air, they human needs and wants. almost 360 degrees. are also invaluable for holding Born Owls locate their meals by down larger prey items so that they iThe birds in question sound. By deciphering differences in con be dismantled using the beak. Birds of prey can be divided into arrival time of sounds at each ear, There isn't a great deal of difference two large groups: diurnal and noc­ they are able to pinpoint the in the shapes of beaks between the turnal birds. Diurnal raptors go location of prey. various roptor species because. no about their lives in the daylight The wing shape of a raptor gives matter which bird they hang off. "Female Peregrine Falcon Hunt­ a fair indication of how and where it they are applied to the same basic ing Banded Lapwing". Reproduced hunts. Owls need to be able to fly tasks: ripping, tearing and picking. here is part of a gouache painting silently and with extreme monoevro­ Considering prey species in Aus­ by one of the world's top bird bility to take nocturnal prey. They tralia, one might start with grass­ painters Richard Weatherly. Much of are equipped with short, brood hoppers and frogs and work up to Richard's time is spent outdoors wings and "silenced" feathers. The
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