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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85332-3 - A Concise History of Poland: Second Edition Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki Index More information

INDEX

(regnal dates only of rulers are given)

Adamkus, Valdas (1926± ) 331 Andrusovo, truce of (1667) 100, 106 Adelaide of Hesse (d. 1371) 33 Anna, Hungarian Jagiellonian princess Adenauer, Konrad (1876±1967 ) 315 (1503±47) 55 Albrecht of Habsburg (1248±1308) antitrinitarians 104 21 Arciszewski, Tomasz (1877±1955) 274, Albrecht of Hohenzollern-Ansbach, 292, 294 Grand Master of the Teutonic Armia Krajowa (AK) see Home Army Knights and ®rst secular ruler of (AK) Ducal Prussia (1525±68) 50, 60 Armia Ludowa (AL) see People's Army Aldona, Lithuanian princess (1309±39) (AL) 25, 33 Arnhem, battle of (1944) 269 Algirdas, Lithuanian prince (1345±77) Askenazy, Szymon (1865±1935) 236 39, 44 Asnyk, Adam (1838±97) 186 Alexander, king of Poland (1501±06) Astrakhan 58 44, 51, 55, 62, 63±4 Augustus II, king of Poland Alexander I, tsar of Russia (1801±25) (1697±1733) 106±9, 112 and king of Poland (1815±25) 140, Augustus III, king of Poland (1733±63) 141, 146±7, 150±2 110±11, 112, 124, 125, 126 Alexander II, tsar of Russia (1855±81) Auschwitz (OsÂwieÎcim) 260, 333 174, 177, 179±80, 183 Austerlitz, battle of (1805) 141 Alexei Mikhailovich, tsar of Muscovy Australia 166, 280 (1645±76) 96 Austria (and Austria-Hungary) 83, 98, Altmark, truce of (1629) 93 104, 106, 109±10, 112, 117±22, Anders, Wadysaw (1892±1970) 267, 123, 127, 128, 131, 137±8, 140±1, 269, 279, 293, 294 147, 156, 184±6, 218, 220, 221 Andrew II, king of Hungary (1205±35) 22 Bacciarelli, Marceli (1731±1818) 142 Andrew III, king of Hungary Badeni, Kazimierz (1846±1909) 185 (1290±1301) 21 Bakunin, Mikhail A. (1824±76) 180 Andrew the Hunchback, prince of Balcerowicz, Leszek (1947± ) 319, Polotsk (1342±87) 40 323

355

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85332-3 - A Concise History of Poland: Second Edition Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki Index More information

356 Index

Balicki, Zygmunt (1858±1916) 200 Bolesaw-Iurii, duke of Halych and Bank of Poland 154, 156 Vladimir (1323±40) 27 Bar, Confederacy of (1768±72) 116, Boniface VIII, pope (1294±1303) 21 117 BoÂ r-Komorowski, Tadeusz Bartel, Kazimierz (1882±1941) 240 (1895±1966) 294 BasanavicÏius, Jonas (1851±1927) 195 Boris Godunov, Tsar of Muscovy Batoh, battle of (1652) 96 (1598±1605) 92 Beck, JoÂ zef (1894±1944) 247, 251±2 Borysaw 189 Belarus and Belarusians (see also Rus'; Bourbon-Conti, FrancËois Louis de, western gubernii of the Russian prince of (1664±1709) 106 empire) 4, 39, 79, 86, 137, 158, Brandenburg 8, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 36, 179, 191, 195, 205±6, 224, 225, 60, 93, 98, 104 233, 263, 281, 325, 330, 331, 333 Brandt, Willy (1913±92) 303 Belka, Marek (1952± ) 337 Brazil 189 Belorussia see Belarus Breslau see Wrocaw Bem, JoÂ zef (1794±1850) 172 Brest (BrzesÂcÂ, Brest'-Litovskii), 244 Beresteczko, battle of (1651) 96 Union of (1596) 87±8 Bereza Kartuska 244 Treaty of (1918) 220 Berg, Feodor F. (1793±1874) 179, 181 Briansk 60 Berling, Zygmunt (1896±1980) 268, BrzezinÂ ski, Zbigniew (1928± ) 304, 271, 272 305, 311 Biaystok 141 BrzoÂ ska, Stanisaw (c. 1832±65) 180 Bibikov, Dmitri G. (1792±1870) 165 Buczacz, treaty of (1672) 105 Bierut, Bolesaw (1892±1956) 268, 283, Buda, Privilege of 1355 34, 46 292, 295 Budenny, Semyon (1883±1973) 225, Bismarck, Otto von (1815±98) 180, 229 184, 199, 328 Bug, river 271 Black Death 30 Bund, Jewish socialist party (see also Bobrowski, Stefan (1840±63) 178 Jews) 197, 199, 256 BobrzynÂ ski, Micha (1849±1935) 186, Buonaccorsi, Filippo (1437±96) 72 193±4, 206 Buzek, Jerzy (1940± ) 323, 328 Bochnia 32 Bzura, battle on the (1939) 255 Bohemia 2, 3,4, 5, 7, 19±20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 38, 41, 51, 60, 82 Calvinism 76±7, 79, 86, 104 (see also Boleslav I, prince of Bohemia (d. 972) 5 Protestantism) Bolesaw I `the Valiant' (`Chrobry'), Campof Greater Poland (OboÂ z Wielkiej king of Poland (992±1026) 7, 8±9, Polski) 246 10 Campof National Unity (Ozon) 248 Bolesaw II (1058±81), king of Poland Caprivi, George Leo von (1831±99) 7, 9±10 184 Bolesaw III (1102±38) `Wrymouth' Carlowitz, peace of (1699) 106 (`Krzywousty'), prince of Poland 7, Carter, Jimmy, US president (1924± ) 10, 11, 25 304, 305, 311 Bolesaw the Tall (`Wysoki') Casimir I `the Restorer' (`Odnowiciel'), (1163±1201), duke of Silesia 11, prince of Poland (1039±58) 7 14 Casimir II `the Just' (`Sprawiedliwy'), Bolesaw the Bashful (`Wstydliwy') prince of Poland (1177±94) 11 (1243±79) 15 Casimir III `the Great' king of Poland Bolesaw II, duke of Pock (d. 1313) 19 (1333±70) 26±34, 36, 41

Index 357

Casimir IV, king of Poland (1447±92) Christian Democrats 245±6 44, 48, 51, 52, 56, 61, 63 Churchill, Winston (1874±1963) 266, Castlereagh, Robert Stewart 268, 269, 274 (1769±1822) 147 Cieszkowski, August (1814±94) 168 Catherine II `the Great', empress of Cimoszewicz, Wodzimierz (1950± ) Russia (1762±97) 115±6, 117, 339 120, 123±4, 128, 131, 136, 306 cinema in Poland 212, 260, 298 (see Catherine of Habsburg (1533±72) 77 also Smosarska, Jadwiga and Catherine Jagiellon (1526±83) 93 Wajda, Andrzej) Catholic Church in Poland 3, 5, 6, 8±9, Cistercians 14 10,11,14, 17, 22±3, 27, 30, 31±2, Civic Platform (PO) 336, 339, 340 33, 37, 38, 40, 42, 55±6, 61, 65, collectivization (of agriculture) 288, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 86±7, 94, 104, 297, 306 106, 111, 115, 127, 135, 138, 183, Colombia 166 184±5, 195, 201, 202, 205, 216, Comintern (Communist International) 238, 246, 257, 283, 290, 297, 248, 257 299±300, 304, 308, 312, 314, 324, Commission for National Education 339 (see also Uniate (Greek 122 Catholic) Church) Committee for the Defence of Workers Cecora (Tutora), battle of (1620) 92 (KOR) 307 Cegielski, Hipolit (1813±68) 167 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 338 Celtis, Conrad (1459±1508) 72 Commune of the Polish People 166 Central Industrial Region (COP) 250 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 222, Chamberlain, Neville (1869±1940) 252 223, 245, 249, 265 (see also Polish Charlemagne, Emperor (800±814) 9 Workers' Party (PPR), Polish Charles I Robert of Anjou, king of United Workers' Party (PZPR)) Hungary (1308±42) 21, 25, 26 CondeÂ, Louis II de Bourbon, `the Great Charles IV, king of Bohemia (1346±78), CondeÂ' (1621±86) 100 Holy Roman Emperor (1355±78) `Congress' Kingdom of Poland (under 27 Russian rule 1815±1914) 147, Charles V (1516±56) Holy Roman 156±7, 168, 173±4, 182±3, 187, Emperor emperor 55 189, 193, 202±5, 211±2, 219 Charles IX (1560±74) king of France Conrad I, duke of Masovia (1202±47) 83, 84 18, 22 Charles IX (1604±11) king of Sweden Conrad III, king of Germany 11 93 Conrad von Feuchtwangen (1291±6), Charles X (1654±60) king of Sweden 98 Grand Master of the Teutonic Charles XII (1697±1718) king of Knights 23 Sweden 107, 109, 110 Conrad (Korzeniowski), Joseph Chem 183, 210, 271 (1857±1924) 191 Chemno (Kulm) 22, 25 Constantine Nikolaevich, grand duke Chicago 189 (1827±92) 177, 178, 179 Chile 166 Constantine Pavlovich, grand duke Chopicki, JoÂ zef (1771±1854) 159±60, (1779±1831) 123, 152, 154, 157, 161 159, 160, 287 Chojnice, battle of (1454) 48 Constantinople 52, 87, 93 Chojnice, Privilege of (1454) 63 Constitutions: Chopin, Fryderyk (FreÂdeÂric) (1810±48) of 3 May 1791 125±8 164, 257, 289 of 1807 142±3

358 Index

Constitutions (cont.) Free City of Danzig (1919±39) 224, of 1815 150±1, 162, 178 238±9, 252 of 1919 223 Danzig Pomerania (see West Prussia) of 1921 231, 271 DaszynÂ ski, Ignacy (1866±1936) 199, of 1935 247, 253 221, 229 of 1947 285 Decembrists (in Russia) 153 of 1952 286 Delavigne, Casimir (1793±1843) 162 amendments of 1975 306 DembinÂ ski, Henryk (1791±1864) 172 amendments of 1989 317, 319 Dembowski, Edward (1822±46) 169±70 of 1997 324 Democratic Party (SD) 318 Copernicus, Nicholas (1473±1543) 72, Democratic Union (UD) (see also 73, 156 Freedom Union) 321, 322 Cossacks, of the Ukraine 54, 87, 92, Denmark 59, 98 93±6, 100 Dmitrii Donskoi, Grand Prince of Coupd'eÂtat of 1926 240±1 Moscow (1350±89) 40 Courland, duchy of 59 Dmowski, Roman (1864±1939) 200, Crimea 18, 117, 123 203, 205, 208, 209, 210, 218, 219, Crimean Tatars 18, 52, 53±5, 56, 59, 220, 221, 224, 246, 248, 304 69, 75, 78, 96, 106, 117 Dobrava, ®rst wife to Mieszko I 5 Crimean War (1854±56) 173 DobrzynÂ 25±6, 27, 30, 34 CudnoÂ w (Khudniv, Khudnov) battle of Domeyko, Ignacy (1802±89) 166 (1660) 85 Dorpat (Tartu) 59 Curzon Line 229, 230, 268, 269, 274 Dresden 111, 112 Cyrankiewicz, JoÂ zef (1911±89) 285 Drohobycz 189 Czapski, JoÂ zef (1896±1993) 267 Drzymaa, Micha (1857±1937) 210 Czartoryska, Izabela (1746±1835) 140 DubcÏek, Alexander (1921±92) 302 Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy (1770±1861) Dunajewski, Albin (1817±94) 185 136, 140, 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, DurnkruÈ tt, battle of (1278) 20 157, 159, 161, 164±5, 168±9, 170, Dybowski, Benedykt (1833±89) 191 208 Dzerzhinsky (DzierzÇynÂ ski) Feliks Czartoryski, August (1697±1782) 115 (1877±1926) 198±9, 225 Czartoryski, family of 112, 117, 123 Czartoryski, Michael (1696±1775) 115 ElblaÎg (Elbing) 48, 68 Czech Republic 323, 325, 332 Electoral Action Solidarity (AWS) 322, Czechoslovakia (see also Czech 334 Republic, Slovakia) 231, 232, 252, Elizabeth, daughter of Wadysaw 263±4, 302, 325, 331±2 okietek (1305±80) 25, 34 Czechs (see also Bohemia) 5, 21, 22, 25, Elizabeth, widow of Louis the Great 32 (c. 1340±87) 37 CzerwinÂ sk, Privilege of (1422) 63 Elizabeth of Habsburg (1526±45) 77 CzeÎstochowa 98, 99, 216, 295, 300 emigration (economic) 189, 191, 197, 242 (see also `Great Emigration' DaÎbrowa basin 189, 221 of 1831; and Polish exiles after DaÎbrowski, Jan Henryk (1755±1818) 1945) 139, 141 Enghien, Henri-Jules de Bourbon, duke DaÎbrowski, Jarosaw (1836±71) 177 of (1646±1709) 100 DaÎbrowski, Jerzy (1899±1967) 254 England (see also Great Britain) 17, Danzig (see also GdanÂ sk) 48, 68, 69, 76, 111, 112, 127 81, 120, 124 , 141, 155 `Enigma' (decoding machine) 264

Index 359

Eperyes (PresÏov), battle of (1492) 51 Friedland, battle of (1807) 141 Erik XIV, king of Sweden (1560±9) 59 Ernest of Habsburg, archduke Galicia (Austrian Poland 1772±1918) (1553±95) 82 137±8, 147, 155, 156, 168, 169, Estonia 23, 59, 93, 107 179, 184±5, 189, 193±4, 199, 206, European Union (EU) 324, 325, 333, 207, 208, 212, 221, 233, 257 337, 338, 339, 340 Galician jacquerie (1846) 170, 175, European Union referendum (2003) 185, 201 334±5 Gall, anonim (`the anonymous Gaul'), medieval chronicler of Poland Falaise, battle of (1944) 269 (¯. c. 1110) 3±4 Fehlin 59 Garibaldi, Giuseppe (1807±82) 177 Feodor Alexeevich, tsar of Muscovy GdanÂ sk (see also Danzig) 7, 19, 22, 23, (1676±82) 106 27, 48, 68, 69, 76, 81, 120, 124, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 303, 309±10, 325 (1556±64) 55, 77 Gdynia 238±9, 303 Fersen, Ivan (1747±99) 131 Gediminas, prince of Lithuania Fijaowski (aka Fijakowski), Antoni (c. 1316±c. 1342) 25, 30, 34 (1797±1883) 175 `General Government' (Nazi-occupied Ford, Gerald, US president (1913± ) Poland) 257±61 305 George of PodeÏbrad, king of Bohemia France 3, 17, 60, 65, 77, 83, 84, 100, (1458±71) 51 104, 106, 109±11, 122, 124, 127, Gerei, Mengli, Crimean Khan 129, 131, 139, 162, 170±1, 179, (1478±1515) 54 181, 218, 224, 232, 238, 247, 251, Geremek, Bronisaw (1932± ) 310, 252±3 321, 328 Franko, Ivan (1856±1916) 194, 199 Germany (and Germans) (see also Frederick I Barbarossa, German Holy Roman Empire; and Prussia) Emperor (1155±90) 11 4±6, 7, 8. 11, 14±16, 17, 19, Frederick II `the Great', king of Prussia 20±1, 22, 23, 24, 27, 31, 32, 48. (1740±86) 112, 117±20 76, 77, 162, 170±1, 172, 181, 184, Frederick Augustus I, elector of Saxony 187, 199±200, 218, 221±2, 233, see Augustus II, king of Poland 237±8, 242, 247, 249, 251±3, Frederick Augustus II, elector of 278±9, 300, 303, 315, 325, 328±9, Saxony see Augustus III, king of 332, 333 Poland GiedroycÂ, Jerzy (1906±2000) 298, 302, Frederick Augustus III, elector of 330 Saxony (1763±1827) (later king of GiedroycÂ (Giedraitis), JoÂ zef Arnulf Saxony and grand duke of Warsaw) (1754±1838) 140 126, 127, 143 Gierek, Edward (1913±2001) 303±4, Frederick William, the `Great Elector' of 305±6, 308, 310 Brandenburg (1640±88) 98 Giertych, Roman (1971± ) 336 Frederick William II, king of Prussia Gierymski, Aleksander (1850±1901) (1786±97) 124, 128, 129, 131 196 Frederick William IV, king of Prussia Giscard d'Estaing, ValeÂry (1926± ) (1840±61) 168 305 Freedom Union (UW) (see also GizÇanka, Barbara (d. 1589) 82 Democratic Union (UD)) 334, 321, Glemp, JoÂ zef (1929± ) 312, 313 323 GogoÂ w (Glogau) 21, 22, 24

360 Index

Gniezno 4, 7, 16, 17, 20, 25, 26, 30 42, Haller, JoÂ zef (1873±1960) 221 67, 143 Halych (Halicz, Galich) 27±30, 32±3 Gouchowski, Agenor (the elder) Havel, Vaclav (1936± ) 332 (1812±75) 173, 185 Helsinki, treaty (1975) 308 Gouchowski, Agenor (the younger) Heltman, Wiktor (1796±1874) 166 (1849±1921) 185 Hemar, Marian (1901±72) 293 Gombrowicz, Witold (1904±69) 245, Henri, duke of Anjou, king of Poland 307 (1573±4) (king Henri III of France, Gomuka, Wadysaw (1905±82) 268, 1574±89) 83, 84 273, 286, 295±7, 298±9, 303 Henrician articles 83, 84 Gorbachev, Mikhail (1931± ) 256, Henry, duke of GogoÂ w (1273±1309) 316, 329 21, 24 Gorchakov, Mikhail D. (1793±1861) Henry, duke of ZÇ aganÂ (Sagan) 173 (1342±64) 33 GoÂ rka, family of 76 Henry II, German Emperor (1014±24) 7 GoÂ rnicki, ukasz (1527±1603) 72 Henry V, German Emperor (1111±25) Grabowski, Stanisaw (1780±1845) 10 152 Henry VI, German Emperor (1190±97) Grabski, Stanisaw (1871±1945) 230 19 Grabski, Wadysaw (1874±1938) 237, Henry VIII, king of England (1509±47) 238, 240 77 Great Britain 112, 115 , 163, 179, 219, Henry IV Probus (1257±90) duke in 252, 253±4, 263, 274, 275, Silesia 16, 19, 20, 21 279±80, 338 Henry the Bearded (1201±38), duke of battle of Britain (1940) 264 Silesia 14, 15, 16 Great Depression (1929) 244±5, 248 Henry the Pious, duke of Silesia `Great Emigration' (of 1831) 163±5 (1238±41) 18 Greece 324 Herbert, Zbigniew (1924±98) 290 Greek Catholic Church (see Uniate Hertzberg, Friedrich von (1725±95), Church) Prussian minister 124 GrochoÂ w, battle of (1831) 160±1 Herzen, Aleksandr (1812±70) 180 Grodno (Gardinas, Hrodna) 86, 128±9, Hitler, Adolf (1889±1945) 251±2, 253, 207 272 union of (1432) 41 Hasko, Marek (1934±69) 295 Grottger, Artur (1837±67) 176 Hlond, August (1881±1948) 246 Grunwald, battle of (also known as Holocaust 260±3 (see also Jews) battle of Tannenberg) (1410) 45, `Holy Alliance' (1815) 152, 163 212 Holy Roman (German) Empire (see also Gulag (Soviet labour camps) 256, 267, Germany) 5, 7, 27, 31 275, 287 Home Army (AK) 263, 264±5, 269, Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden 271±3, 275, 280, 301, 333 (1611±32) 93 Homel (Gomel) 58 Gypsies 260 Horodo, union of (1413) 41±2, 55 Horodyski, Andrzej (1773±1857) 150 Habsburg, dynasty (see also Austria) 51, Hungary 5, 9, 10, 18, 20, 21±2, 25, 55, 77, 82, 91, 93, 106, 112, 117, 26±7, 30, 33, 34, 36±7, 38, 41, 44, 123 50±1, 52, 55, 60, 73, 82, 98, Hadziacz (Hadiach), Accord of (1658) 171±2, 252, 295, 297, 323 99±100 Hunyadi, John (1407±56) 51

Index 361

Ibrahim ibn Yakub, tenth-century Arab John III Sobieski (1674±96) 90±1, traveller 6 105±6, 129, 201, 229, 314 industry and industrialization 154, 155, John of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia 167±8, 187±9, 197, 198±9, (1310±46) 22, 24, 25±6, 27 202±3, 213, 244, 249±50, 287±8, John Paul II (Karol Wojtya), pope 305 (1978±2005) 308±9, 314, 339 Ingria 107 Joseph II, Emperor (1765±1790) 123 Institute of National Memory (IPN) 332 JoÂ zewski, Henryk (1892±1981) 241 Ireland 338 Jungingen, Ulrich von (1407±10), Iraq 337 Grand Master of the Teutonic Isabella (1519±59), daughter of Knights 45 Sigismund I 55 Israel 301, 333 Kaczorowski, Ryszard (1919± ) 321 Italy 65, 73, 110±1, 139 KaczynÂ ski, Jarosaw (1949± ) 336 Ivan III, grand prince of Moscow KaczynÂ ski, Lech (1949± ) 336, 339, (1462±1505) 56 340 Ivan IV the Terrible, tsar of Muscovy Kaden-Bandrowski, Juliusz (1533±84) 54±5, 58, 59, 82, 91, 93 (1885±1944) 245 Kadubek, Wincenty see Vincent of JabonÂ ski, Henryk (1909±2003) 309 KrakoÂ w Jadwiga, queen of Poland (1384±99) Kakowski, Aleksander (1862±1938) 37, 38, 39, 44 219 Jadwiga of ZÇ aganÂ (c. 1345±90) 33 Kaliningrad 325 Jagieo (Wadysaw II Jagieo, king of Kalisz 152 Poland, grand prince of Lithuania) treaty of (1343) 27 (1386±1434) 37, 38 39, 40±4, 45, Kamieniec Podolski (Kam'ianets- 50, 52, 60±1, 63, 72 Podil'skyi) 75, 105, 106 `Jagiellonian Idea' (Poland's federation KamienÂ ski, Henryk (1813±66) 169 with eastern neighbours) 225 Kania, Stanisaw (1927± ) 311, 312 Japan 203 Karelia 107 Jaruzelski, Wojciech (1923± ) 312±3, Karski (born Kozielewski), Jan 318, 332 (1914±2000) 263 Jedlnia, Privilege of (1430) 63 Kashubians (Kaszubi) 155, 193, 304, Jedwabne massacre (1941) 261, 332 339 Jesuits 87, 104, 111, 122 Katyn massacre (1940) 256, 267, 293, Jews 4, 6, 31, 32, 65±8, 96, 101, 127, 329 138, 146, 154, 174, 175, 195±7, Kaunas (Kowno) 231 201, 210, 212, 216, 233, 236, 241, Kazan 58 249, 256, 260±3, 284, 295, 298, Kazimierz Dolny 97 301±2 KazÂko, duke of Supsk (d. 1377) 33, Jezierski, Franciszek (1740±91) 124±5 34 Jogaila, grand prince of Lithuania see Kestutis (1337±82) 39, 44 Jagieo Kettler, Gotthard, last Grand Master of John III, king of Sweden (1569±92) 93 the Livonian Order and ®rst duke John XXII, pope (1316±34) 24±5 of Courland (1561±87) 59 John I Albert (Jan Olbracht) Khmel'nytskyi (Chmielnicki), Bohdan (1492±1501) 44, 50, 51, 53, 62±3 (1595±1657) 96, 99, 101, 105 John II Casimir (1648±68) 88, 96, Khotin (Chocim), battles of (1621) 92, 98±9, 100, 104 94; (1673) 105

362 Index

Khrushchev, Nikita (1894±1971) 295, Kuchma, Leonid (1938± ) 330 296, 297 Kuchuk Kainardji, peace of (1774) 117 Kiev 4, 6, 7, 10±11, 27, 86, 88, 95, 100, Kujawy, region of 19, 26, 27, 33 106, 191, 225 Kulikov, Viktor (1921± ) 313 Kircholm, battle of (1605) 85 Kulikovo Pole, battle of (1380) 40 Kisielewski, Stefan (1911±91) 290 Kultura (eÂmigreÂ journal) 298, 303 Kiszczak, Czesaw (1925± ) 312, 317, Kulturkampf 184, 187, 202 318 KuronÂ , Jacek (1934±2004) 299, 302, Kleeberg, Franciszek (1888±1941) 255 307, 311, 320 Kniaziewicz, Karol (1762±1842) 139 KwasÂniewski, Aleksander (1954± ) Knyszyn 82 321, 322, 323, 331, 338±9 Kochanowski, Jan (1530±84) 72±3 Kwiatkowski, Eugeniusz (1888±1974) Kohl, Helmut (1930± ) 328 248, 250 Koakowski, Leszek (1927± ) 299, 307 Lamartine, Alphonse de (1790±1869) KoaÎtaj, Hugon (1750±1812) 123, 171 136 land reform 222, 229, 232, 237, 238, Konarski, Stanisaw (1700±73) 242, 273 (see also peasant 111±12, 123 emancipation) KoÈ nigsberg 22, 48, 50, 73 Langiewicz, Marian (1827±87) 179 Konwicki, Tadeusz (1926± ) 307 Latvia 23, 232 KOR see Committee for the Defence of Law and Justice (PiS) 336, 340 Workers League of Nations 231, 238 Korean War (1950±53) 287 League of Polish Families (LPR) 336 Korfanty, Wojciech (1873±1939) 201 Lednicki, Aleksander (1866±1934) 219 KosÂciuszko, Tadeusz (1746±1817) LedoÂ chowski, Mieczysaw (1822±1902) 129±31, 136, 139, 147, 166, 175 184 KosÏice, Privilege of (1374) 34, 36 Left Democratic Alliance (the post- Kossak, Wojciech (1856±1942) 160 communist SLD) 321, 322, 335, Kossak-Szczucka, Zo®a (1890±1968) 337, 340 261 Legnica (Liegnitz), battle of (1241) 18 Kostomarov, Mykola (1817±85) 194 Leipzig, battle (1813) 146 Kozowiecki, Adam (1911± ) 301 Lelewel, Joachim (1786±1861) 140, KrakoÂ w 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 157, 159, 165±6 22, 23±4, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, Lem, Stanisaw (1921±2006) 298 37, 38, 50, 60, 65, 68, 72, 84, 122, Lenin, Vladimir Iliyich (1870±1924) 129, 131, 141, 143, 147, 154±5, 225, 230 169±70, 171, 185±6, 189, 214, Lenino, battle (1943) 268 260, 287, 333 Leo XIII, pope (1878±1903) 202 treaty of (1525) 50, 60 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Krasicki, Ignacy (1735±1801) 123 (1658±1705) 98 KrasinÂ ski, Zygmunt (1812±59) 163 Lepper, Andrzej (1954± ) 336 KreÇva (Krewo, Krevo), treaty of (1385) Lestek, 10th century pagan ruler of 37, 41±2 Polish tribes Kronenberg, Leopold (1812±78) 174, LeszczynÂ ska, Marie (1703±68) 109 177 LeszczynÂ ski, family of 76 Krukowiecki, Jan (1772±1850) 161 LeszczynÂ ski, Rafa (1650±1703) 125 Krystyna of Prague 33 LeszczynÂ ski, Stanisaw see Stanisaw Krzaklewski, Marian (1949± ) 322 LeszczynÂ ski, king of Poland

Index 363

liberum veto 90±1, 100, 111±2, 116, Lubusz (Lebus) 25 120, 126, 186 Lukashenko, Alexander (1954± ) 331 Lille 242 Lusatia (Lausitz, uzÇyce) 7, 51 Limanowski, Bolesaw (1835±1935) Luther, Martin (1483±1546) 50, 76 198 Lutheranism 50, 58, 73, 76±7, 93, 104, Linde, Samuel Bogumi (1771±1847) 106, 115 (see also Protestantism) 139 Lutosawski, Witold (1913±94) 298 Linz 61 Luxemburg, Rosa (RoÂ zÇa) (1871±1919) Lipski, Jan JoÂ zef (1926±91) 307 198, 199 Lithuania: LwoÂ w (L'viv/Lvov/Lemberg) 30, 32, 65, medieval and early modern (until 105, 156, 171, 189, 206, 214, 223, 1795): 4, 25, 30, 32, 33, 37, 257, 268, 279, 298, 332 38±42, 44±8, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55±60, 63±4, 72, 73, 75±6, 77, eÎczyca 16, 19, 25, 33 79±81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, oÂ dzÂ 154, 188±9, 204, 257, 304, 325 93, 98, 99±100, 101, 105, 107, ukasinÂ ski, Walerian (1786±1868) 153 112, 120, 127, 128, 129 Russian rule (1795±1918) (see also Maciejowice, battle of (1794) 131 western gubernii of the Russian MacÂko Borkowic (d. c. 1360) 31 empire): 137, 146, 158, 165, 179, MaÎczak, Antoni, Polish historian 191, 195, 205±6 (1928±2003) 78 since 1918: 220, 224±5, 231, 249, Maczek, Stanisaw (1892±1994) 269, 251, 252, 287, 325, 330, 331, 333 270 LitomysÏl, Privilege of (1291) 20 Magdeburg 6, 15, 32 Livonia 45, 58±60, 91, 93, 107 Magdeburg law 15 Lloyd George, David (1863±1945) 224 Maisky, Ivan (1884±1975) 266 Locarno, treaty (1925) 238 Majdanek, extermination camp260 Lorraine 111 Majewski, Karol (1833±97) 179 Louis I the Great, king of Hungary and Maachowski, Stanisaw (1736±1809) Poland (1342±82) 26, 27, 30, 33, 142 34, 36, 37, 44 Malbork (Marienburg) 23, 32, 45, 47, Louis II, king of Hungary (1516±26) 48 , 155 55 Mao Tse-Tung (1893±1976) 296 Louis XIV, king of France (1643±1715) Maria of Hungary (1371±95) 36 100 Marienburg see Malbork Louis XV, king of France (1715±74) Masovia (Mazowsze) 18, 19, 22, 23, 109 24, 25, 27, 44, 54, 61 Louise-Marie de Gonzague (1611±66) Matthias I Corvinus, king of Hungary 100 (1458±90) 51 Lubecki-Drucki, Ksawery (1778±1846) Marcinkowski, Karol (1800±46) 168 154, 157 Marshall Plan 286 LubiaÎzÇ (Leubus) 5 Matejko, Jan (1838±93) 121, 185 Lublin 53±4, 80, 81, 141, 221, 271, MaÎtwy, battle of (1666) 100±1 333 Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Union of (1569) 80±1, 86, 91, 92 (1493±1519) 51±2 Lubomirski, family of 88 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor Lubomirski, Jerzy (1616±67) 100±1 (1564±76) 82 Lubomirski, Zdzisaw (1865±1943) Mazowiecki, Tadeusz (1927± ) 219 309±10, 319, 320, 321, 328

364 Index

Mazurians (of East Prussia) 156, 231, Moldavia 38, 52±3, 54, 62, 65 , 72, 75, 304 82 MazÏvydas, Martynas (c. 1520±63) 73 Molotov, Vyacheslav (1890±1986) 255 Mehmet II, Ottoman Sultan (1451±81) Mongols 18, 27±30, 32, 45 (see also 52 Crimean Tatars) Meisels, Beer (1798±1870) 175 Moniuszko, Stanisaw (1819±72) 168 Melno, peace of (1422) 48 Monte Cassino, battle of (1944) 269 Metternich, Klemens (1773±1859) 147 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Michael Romanov, tsar of Russia baron (1689±1755) 127 (1613±45) 92 Moraczewski, JeÎdrzej (1870±1944) Michael I WisÂniowiecki, king of Poland 222, 223 (1669±74) 90, 104±5 Moravia 7, 51 Michnik, Adam (1946± ) 302, 307 Morando, Bernardo (1540±1600) 89 Mickiewicz, Adam (1798±1855) 140, MosÂcicki, Ignacy (1867±1946) 191, 153, 157, 158, 163, 164, 170, 173, 240, 247, 248, 255 214, 257, 302 Moscow 40, 53, 54±5, 56, 59, 74, 75, Mierosawski, Ludwik (1814±78) 169, 86, 87, 92, 106 (and see Russia) 170±1, 174, 178±9 treaty of (1686) 106 Mieroszewski, Juliusz (1906±86) 298 motor cars 242, 305 Mieszko I, prince of Poland (c. 960±92) MrozÇek, Sawomir (1930± ) 298 3±4, 5, 6±7, 10, 18 , 301 Muraviev, Mikhail (1794±1866) 179 Mieszko II, king of Poland (1025±34) 7, Muscovy see Russia 9 Muskie, Edmund (1914±96) 305 Mieszko III `the Old' (`Stary'), prince of Poland (1173±1202) 11 NamysoÂ w (Namslau) treaty of (1348) Mikoajczyk, Stanisaw (1900±66) 267, 27 268, 269, 274, 275, 278, 280, Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769±1821), 284±5, 293 emperor of the French (1804±14) Milan 64 139, 141±3, 146 Militz (Milsko) 7 Napoleonic Code 143, 150, 154 Miliutin, Nikolai (1818±72) 180, 183 Narutowicz, Gabriel (1865±1922) 191, Miller, Leszek (1946± ) 335, 336±7 236 Miosz, Czesaw (1911±2004) 290, Narva 59 298, 307, 311 battle of (1700) 107 Minc, Hilary (1905±74) 287 Narvik, battle of (1940) 263 Minsk 225, 230 National Democratic Party (ND) Mleczko, Andrzej (1949± ) 338 200±1, 203, 204±5, 206, 210±1, Mochnacki, Maurycy (1804±34) 157, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224±5, 230, 159 232, 236±7, 243, 246, 248, 265, Moczar, Mieczysaw (1913±86) 301±2, 279 304 National Radical Camp(ONR) 246 Modrzejewska (Modjeska), Helena Nazi occupation of Poland 257±63 (1840±1909) 214 Netherlands (Austrian) 128 Modrzewski, Andrzej Frycz (1503±72) Netherlands (Dutch Republic) 115 74 Neuburg, PhilipWilhelm, duke of Modzelewski, Karol (1937± ) 299, 302 (1615±90) 100 Mohacs, battle of (1526) 55 Nicholas I, tsar of Russia (1825±55) Mohylew (Mogilev, Mahiliai, Mahiyow, and king of Poland (1825±31) Mohyliv) 116, 122 153±4, 159, 161, 170, 172

Index 365

Nicholas II, tsar of Russia (1894±1917) Ostashkov 329 202, 204, 219 OstroÂ g (Ostrih), Academy of 87 Niemojowski brothers, Wincenty Ostrogski, Konstanty, prince (1784±1834) and Bonawentura (1526±608) 87 (1787±1835) 152 OstroeÎka, battle of (1831) 161 Nieszawa, Privilege of (1454) 63 Ostrowski, JoÂ zef (1850±1923) 219 `Nihil Novi', Statute of (1505) 64 Otto I, German Emperor (962±73) Nijinsky, Vaslav (NizÇynÂ ski, Wacaw) 5,6 (1888±1950) 191 Otto II, German Emperor (973±83) 6 Nixon, Richard, US president Otto III, German Emperor (983±1002) (1913±94) 305 6, 8±9 NKVD, Soviet security police 256, 275, Ottoman Empire see Turkey 282 Non-Party Block of Co-operation with Pac, Michael (1624±82) 105 the Government (BBWR) 243, Paderewski, Ignacy (1860±1941) 191, 244 215±6, 221, 223, 248, 255 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Padlewski, Zygmunt (1835±63) 178 (NATO) 323, 329, 331, 337 Palestine 249 Norwid, Cyprian (1821±83) 164 Papacy 163, 183 (see also Vatican, and Novosiltsev, Nikolay (1761±1836) 152, individual popes) 153 Paris Commune (1871) 182 Nowa Huta 287 Party of Labour (SP) 265 Nowak JezioranÂ ski, Jan (1914±2005) Party of Realistic Politics 203, 204 293 Paskevich, Ivan (1782±1856) 161, 162, Nuremberg 65, 67, 73 172 Nystad, peace of (1721) 107 Paul VI, pope (1963±78) 304 Pavlyk, Mykhailo (1853±1915) 199 Ochab, Edward (1906±89) 295±6 Pawe Wodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri) Ode, second wife to Mieszko I (d. 1023) (c. 1370±1436) 72 6 peasant emancipation (see also land Oder±Neisse (Odra±Nysa) Line 278, reform, and Polish Peasant Party 284, 293, 328, 330 [PSL]) Odessa 137 in the duchy of Warsaw 143, 146 OÈ goÈ dei, Mongol Khan (1227±41) 18 in Galicia 171, 172 Okulicki, Leopold (1898±1946?) 275 in Russia and the western gubernii Oliva (Oliwa) , peace of (1660) 98±9, 174 104 Penderecki, Krzysztof (1933± ) 298 Olympic Games (Rome 1960) 299 People's Army (AL) 265, 269, 272 Oprichnina 59 Pereiaslav, Union of (1654) 96 `organic work' (praca organiczna) Peter I `the Great', tsar of Russia 167±8, 186 (1682±1725) 107, 109, 115 Orsha, battle of the (1514) 57, 58 Peter I Mushat, hospodar of Moldavia Orthodox Church 6, 9, 32±3, 39, 40, (c. 1378±c. 1393) 38 41, 42, 55±6. 73, 79, 80, 81, 86±8, Petliura, Symon (1879±1926) 225 94, 95, 100, 104, 106, 115±6, 122, Philomats (Filomaci), society of 153 137, 165, 183 Piarists, religious order 111, 123 Orzeszkowa, Eliza (1841±1910) 186 Piasecki, Bolesaw (1915±79) 246 OsoÂ bka-Morawski, Edward Piast, legendary ®gure 3 (1909±1997) 271, 275 Pisudski, Bronisaw (1866±1918) 191

366 Index

Pisudski, JoÂ zef (1867±1935) 198, Stanisaw August Poniatowski, 203±4, 205, 206, 208, 217±8, 219, king of Poland (1764±95) 221±2, 225, 229±30, 237, 240±4, Popiel, legendary ®gure 3 247 Popiel, Wincenty (1825±1912) 204 Piltz, Erazm (1851±1929) 220 Popieuszko, Jerzy (1947±84) 314 PiotrkoÂ w 65. 78 Po prostu ( journal) 295, 299 Pius XII, pope (1939±58) 290 Posen see PoznanÂ Pock 19, 25, 26, 27, 37, 61 Positivism 186±7 Powce, battle of (1331) 26 Potocki, Alfred (1786±1862) 185 Podlasie 80, 180 Potocki, Andrzej (1861±1908) 206 Podole (Podolia) 44, 105, 106, 116 Potocki, family of 88 Pokucie (Pokutija) 53 Potocki, Stanisaw Kostka (1752±1821) Polanovo, peace of (1634) 92 143, 152 Polesie 179, 191±2 Potsdam, conference (1945) 278 Polish Committee of National PoznanÂ (Posen) 4, 24, 48, 60, 65 , 257, Liberation (PKWN) 271±4 295 Polish Democratic Society (founded Poznania (and the duchy of Posen) 143, 1832) 165±6, 169±70 147, 155, 167±8, 169, 172, 179, Polish exiles after 1945: 279±80, 183±4, 187, 191±2, 193, 199, 297±8, 304, 307, 308 210±11, 221, 224, 240 Polish kingdom (1916±18) 218±22 Praga, massacre of (1794) 131 Polish insurrections: Prague 9, 20, 33 (1830±31) 157, 159±62 Prague, treaty of (1515) 55 (1846) 169±70 PrazÇmowski, Nicholas (1617±73) 105 (1863±4) 178±81 PrÏemysl Otakar II (1253±78), king of Polish intelligence operations (1920) Bohemia 20, 22 229; (1939±45) 264, 292±4 Protestantism in Poland 73, 76±7, Polish Peasant Party (PSL): 83, 87, 104, 115±6, 120±2, 216, (until 1949) 201±2, 206, 223, 237, 257 (see also Calvinism, 245, 265, 274, 280, 284±5 Lutheranism) (since 1990) 321, 322, 335 Provisional Government of National Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 198±9, Unity (1945±47) 274, 275, 278, 203±4, 245, 265, 285±6 285 282±3 Polish Underground State (1940±44) Prus, Bolesaw (1847±1912) 186, 200 264±6, 269, 271±2, 275 Prussia: Ducal (`eastern') Prussia 48±50, Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 58, 60, 93, 98, 105 286, 295±7, 299, 302, 303, East (after 1772) Prussia 128, 155±6, 312±13, 316±18, 320, 321 224 Polish Workers' Party (PPR) 268, 269, Hohenzollern kingdom (from 1701) 275, 282, 284±6 98, 112, 120, 122, 123, 124, 127, Polotsk (Poock) 40, 59, 82, 91 128, 129, 131, 137, 147, 170±1 Poltava, battle of (1709) 107 medieval 48 Poaniec, Proclamation of (1794) 131 Royal (`Polish') Prussia 48, 55, 68, Pomerania (Pomorze) 5, 7, 16, 18, 19, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 93, 98, 104, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 44, 224, 257, 112, 115 278, 279 (see also Prussia, West) West (after 1772) Prussia 147, 155±6, Poniatowski, JoÂ zef (1763±1813) 136, 183±4, 224 141, 146 Prussians, pagan tribe 9, 18, 22±3 Poniatowski, Stanisaw August see PrzemysÂl73

Index 367

Przemys II, duke of Wielkopolska, king Ropp, Edward (1851±1939) 205 of Poland (1295±6) 19, 20 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712±78) 125 Pugachev revolt 117 Rowecki, Stefan (1895±1944) 264 Puawy 140 Rudolf I of Habsburg (1273±91) 19, Putin, Vladimir (1952± ) 329 20 Rus' 5, 9, 22, 27±30, 32±3, 36, 39±40, Racawice, battle of (1794) 129±31 41, 42, 45, 48, 53, 55±6, 60, 69, Raczkiewicz, Wadysaw (1885±1947) 79, 80, 128 ( see also Belarus, Kiev, 255, 269, 292, 294 Ukraine) RaczynÂ ski, Edward (1891±1993) 294, Russia 40, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59±60, 64, 304, 313 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 91±3, Radio Free Europe 293, 294, 308 94, 96±100, 104, 106±10, 112±22, Radio Maryja 324 123±4, 125, 127±32, 136, 140±1, Radkiewicz, Stanisaw (1903±1987) 147, 150, 153, 173±4, 218, 219, 282, 294 224, 329±30, 339 Radnot (Iernut), treaty of (1656) 98 Bolshevik Russia (1917±22) 224, Radom 64 225, 229±30, 231 (see also USSR) Radziwi (Radvilas), Lithuanian Rydz-SÂmigy, Edward (1886±1941) magnate family 51, 53, 88 247±8 Radziwi, Antoni (1775±1833) 136, 155 Salin, peace of (1398) 45 Radziwi, Barbara (1520±51) 51 Salomea of Berg (c 1099±1144) 11 Radziwi, Bogusaw (1620±69) 98, Sanacja (post-1926 political regime) 104 241±2, 247±8, 249±50 Radziwi, Mikoaj `the Red' (1512±84) Sandomierz 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 21, 25, 55 33±4 railways 168, 188±9, 192, 210, 233, `rokosz' of 88 238 Sapieha (Sapiega), Lithuanian family RakoÂ w 104 105, 107 Rapallo, treaty of (1922) 238 Saxony 48, 50, 76, 106±10, 112, 116, Reagan, Ronald, US president 126, 127, 143 (1911±2004) 315 Scheibler, Karl Wilhelm (1820±881) Rej, Mikoaj (1505±69) 72 188 Rejtan, Tadeusz (1742±80) 121, 122 Schroeder, Gerhard (1944± ) 333 Reval (Tallinn) 59 Schulz, Bruno (1892±1942) 236 Revolutions: (1848±49) 170±2; (1905) Seeckt, Hans von (1866±1936) 238 203±6 Sejm (Polish parliament) 62, 64, 65, 68, Reymont, Wadysaw (1867±1925) 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79±80, 81, 188, 216 83±5, 86, 87, 90±1, 93, 94, 96, Riga 58, 59, 93 100, 104±5, 109, 115, 116, 120±2, treaty of (1921) 230 124±7, 129, 131, 143, 151, 152, Rokossovsky, Konstantin (1896±1968) 153±4, 159, 161, 162, 223, 237, 287, 297 240, 242±4, 247, 286±7, 285±6 Romania 232, 252, 253, 255 sejmiki 61±2, 63, 75, 79, 81, 84±5, 90, Romanticism in Poland 138, 150, 153, 107, 109 157, 158, 163±4, 172, 174, Self-Defence (Samoobrona) 336, 340 199±200 Serwin-Oracki, Mieczysaw (1912±77) Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, US 289 president (1882±1945) 268, 274±5 Sforza, Bona (1494±1557) 64±5, 73

368 Index

Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, duke of Milan Sawoj-Skadkowski, Felicjan (1476±94) 64 (1885±1962) 248 Sheptyts'kyi, Andrei (Szeptycki, Somka, Jan (1842±1927) 194 Roman) (1865±1944) 249 Slovakia 7, 252, 332 Shevchenko, Taras (1814±61) 194 Sowacki, Juliusz (1809±49) 158, 163, Siberia 180, 191, 256 171 SicinÂ ski, Wadysaw (1615±72) 90 Smolensk 56±8, 92, 100, 120 Sicz (Sich) 93 Smosarska, Jadwiga (1900±71) 243 Sieciech, palatinus (¯. c. 1095) 10 Smotritskii, Meletii (c. 1577±1633) 88 Siemomys, pagan ruler of Polish tribes Sobieski, Jan see John III Sobieski (d. c. 960) 5 Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom Siemowit, tenth-century pagan ruler of of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) Polish tribes 5 198 Sienicki, family of 76 Socialism 198±9 see also Polish Socialist Sienkiewicz, Henryk (1846±1916) Party (PPS) 199±200, 216 socialist realism (socrealizm) 289±90, Sieradz 19, 25, 33 295 Sigismund, King of Hungary Sokorski, Wodzimierz (1908±99) 290 (1387±1437); king of Bohemia Solidarity (SolidarnosÂcÂ) 310±4, 316±7, (1419±37); Holy Roman Emperor 320±1, 334; see also Electoral (1411±37) 36±7, 44, 45 Action Solidarity (AWS) Sigismund (Zygmunt) I `the Old', king Solski, Ludwik (1855±1954) 214 of Poland (1506±48) 50, 53, 55, Sorbs 8 56±8, 60, 61, 62, 64±5, 68, 71, 73, Sosabowski, Stanisaw (1892±1967) 75 269 Sigismund II Augustus, king of Poland Sosnkowski, Kazimierz (1895±1969) (1548±72) 54, 55, 58±60, 62, 65, 230, 268, 269 68, 75, 76, 77±82, 91, 93 Spain 122, 143, 250, 299 Sigismund III Vasa, king of Poland St Petersburg 110, 115, 120, 123, 128, (1587±1632) 84, 88, 90, 92, 93 131±2 Sigismund Casimir, prince (1640±47) Conventions of (1772, First 96 Partition) 120; (1793, Second Sikorski, Wadysaw (1881±1943) 236, Partition) 128; (1795, Third 248, 255, 263, 264, 266±7, 268 Partition) 131 Silesia (SÂlaÎsk) 5, 7, 11, 14±6, 18, 24, 25, Stalin, Joseph (1879±1953) 242, 27, 36, 44, 51, 76, 77, 98, 112, 248±9, 251, 253, 256, 266±7, 269, 128, 155, 172, 187, 278±9, 333; 271, 272, 273±5, 278, 286, 290, Upper Silesia 156, 184, 199, 201, 292 224, 231, 238, 257, 303, 310 Stalowa Wola 250 Sinope 93 Stanisaw, bishopof KrakoÂ w and saint Skarga, Piotr (1536±1612) (d. 1078) 9±10, 19 Skodowska-Curie, Maria (1867±1934) Stanisaw August Poniatowski, king of 183, 190 Poland (1764±95) 115±6, 117, Skrzynecki, Jan (1786±1860) 161 120, 123, 124, 125±6, 128, 131, SkrzynÂ ski, Aleksander (1882±1931) 142 240 Stanisaw LeszczynÂ ski, king of Poland Skubiszewski, Krzysztof (1926± ) 325, (1704±10, 1733±5) 107, 109±11 330 StapinÂ ski, Jan (1867±1946) 202 Sawek, Walery (1879±1939) 243±4 Starobelsk 329

Index 369

Staszic, Stanisaw (1755±1826) 150, Teheran, conference of (1943) 268 154 Teschen (Cieszyn, TeÏsÏÂn)õ 221, 231, 232, Stefan Batory, king of Poland 252, 332 (1576±86) 88, 91±2, 93 Teutonic Knights, religious military Stephen III `the Great', hospodar of Order 18, 22±3, 24, 25±6, 27, 30, Moldavia (1457±1504) 52±3 32, 34, 38. 39, 40, 41, 44, 45±8, Stockholm, treaty of (1667) 104 50, 52, 58, 63, 72, 155, 315 Stojaowski, Stanisaw (1845±1911) Thorn see TorunÂ 201 Tilsit, treaty of (1807) 141 Stoss, Veit (Wit Stwosz), of Nuremberg Tito, Josip(1892±1980) 286 (d. 1533) 65, 67 TorunÂ (Thorn) 48, 68, 115, 124, 147, Stresemann, Gustav (1878±1929) 238 155 Strzelecki, (Sir) Paul Edmund Thorn, peace of (1466) 48, 50, 52 (1797±1873) 166 Trakai (Troki) 38 SucËeava 53 Transylvania 22, 55, 98 Suleiman the Magni®cent (1520±66) 53 Traugutt, Romuald (1826±64) 179±80 Suvorov, Alexander (1729±1800) 131 Trebizond 93 Sviatopolk `the Accursed', Grand Prince Treblinka, extermination camp260 of Kiev (1015±19) 7 Trembecki, Stanisaw (1740±1812) 123 Sweden 59, 60, 85, 93, 98±9, 104, Tribunals, of the Crown and Lithuania 107±8, 110, 124, 338 85 Sword, Knights of the 23, 45, 58, 59 `tri-loyalism' 186 Szczecin (Stettin) 278, 303 Tukhachevsky, Mikhail (1893±1937) Szczekociny, battle of (1794) 129 225 Szujski, JoÂ zef (1835±83) 186 Turkey 51, 52±3, 55, 60, 85, 92, 93±4, Szymanowski, Karol (1883±1937) 216 96, 105, 106, 112, 115, 117, 123, 124, 127 SÂciegienny, Piotr (1800±90) 169 Tusk, Donald (1957± ) 339, 340 SÂwiato, JoÂ zef (1905±75) 294 Tutora (Cecora), battle of (1620) 92 SÂwidwa, Piotr, castellan of PoznanÂ Tuwim, Julian (1894±1953) 236, 245 (¯. c. 1460) 48 Tygodnik powszechny (Catholic SÂwieÎtochowski, Aleksander weekly) 292 (1849±1938) 186 SÂwinka, Jakub, archbishopof Gniezno Ukraine and Ukrainians (see also Rus'; (d. 1314) 16, 19, 21 Cossacks; western gubernii of the Russian empire) 54, 77, 86±8, SÏliupas, Jonas (1861±1945) 195 93±6, 98, 99±100, 101, 105, 106, 128, 137, 156, 171, 172, 179, 185, Tamerlane (Timur i Leng, Turkic- 191, 193, 194, 199, 201, 206, 220, Mongol emperor, 1370±1405) 45 223, 224, 225, 233, 238, 241±2, Tannenberg (Grunwald), battle of 249, 256, 263, 281, 284, 325, 329, (1410) 45, 212 330±1, 332±3, 339 Targowica, Confederacy of (1792±3) Ula, battle of the (1565) 59 128, 161 Uniate (Greek Catholic) Church 87±8, TarnogroÂ d, Confederacy of (1715±16) 100, 127, 137, 165, 183, 249 108 Union of Labour (UP) 335 Tarnowski, Stanisaw (1837±1917) 186 United Peasant Party (ZSL) 285, 318 Tatars see Crimean Tatars United States of America 129, 189, 274, Tczew (Dirschau) 22 278, 297, 304±5, 337

370 Index

USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist WanÂ kowicz, Melchior (1892±1974) Republics, 1922±91; see also 299 Russia) 247, 251, 253, 256±7, WanÂ kowicz, Walenty (1799±1842) 265±8, 274±5, 278, 295, 296, 303, 158 306, 311, 312, 316, 318, 325, 330 Warka, Statute of (1423) 68 Warmia (Ermeland) 48±50 Vaclav II, king of Bohemia and later Warsaw (Warszawa) 44, 54, 83, 98, Poland (1300±05) 20, 21±2, 24, 106, 111, 112, 116, 123, 127, 129, 27, 36 131, 138, 151, 157, 175±7, 189, Vaclav III, king of Bohemia (1305±6) 211±12, 255, 274, 290, 292 22, 24, 27 battle of (1920) 229 Valmy, battle of (1792) 128 Confederacy of (1573) 83, 104 Varna, battle of (1444) 51, 153 duchy of (1807±15) 141±6, 150 Vatican 238, 290, 324 (see also Papacy) ghetto 261 Venice 5, 23, 96 Pact 323, 328, 329 Versailles, peace conference and treaty royal castle 95, 304 (1919) 224, 238, 255, 274 Treaty of (1716) 109 Viazma 60 Uprising (1944) 271±3, 333 Vienna Wartheland 257 congress and treaties (1814±15) WarynÂ ski, Ludwik (1856±89) 198 147±50, 161, 162, 274 Wasilewska, Wanda (1905±64) 268 Preliminaries of (1735) 111 WazÇyk, Adam (1905±82) 295 siege of (1683) 106, 201, 229, 314 Wehlau, treaty of (1657) 98 Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna) 38, 39, 41±2, 45, Wends 8 53, 56, 77, 79, 80, 98, 122, 123, western gubernii of the Russian empire 129, 205, 215, 225, 231, 249, 256, (1795±1918) 136±7, 140, 146, 268, 279, 298, 331 153, 161, 163, 165, 166, 170, 175, Privilege of (1563) 79 178, 183, 191, 194±5, 205±6, 210 unions of (1401, 1499) 41±2 (see also Belarus; Lithuania; Wilno university and educational Ukraine) district (1803±32) 140, 153, 163 Weygand, Maxime (1867±1965) 229 Vincent, bishopof KrakoÂ w, Polish Wieliczka 32 chronicler (¯. c. 1200; known as Wielopolski, Aleksander (1803±77) `Kadubek') 3, 9±10, 19 175, 177±8, 179, 204 Vladimir (Wodzimierz) 27±30 WilanoÂ w, palace of 106 Volhynia (WoynÂ ) 44, 80, 241, 263 Wilhelm of Habsburg (1370±1406) 37 Vorskla river, battle of (1399) 45 Wilno see Vilnius Vykhovskyi, Ivan (d. 1664) 99±100 Wilson, Woodrow, US president Vytautas (Witold), grand duke of (1856±1924) 221 Lithuania (1392±1430) 38, 39, WisÂniowiecki, family of 88 40±1, 44±5, 48, 55±6, 60 WisÂniowiecki, Jarema (1612±51) 105 Witkiewicz, Stanisaw Ignacy Wacaw (1313±36), duke of Pock 26 (`Witkacy') (1885±1939) 236, Wajda, Andrzej (1926± ) 188, 290, 246 298 Witold see Vytautas WaeÎsa, Lech (1943± ) 309±11, Witos, Wincenty (1874±1945) 206, 313±14, 316±18, 320, 321, 322, 223, 229, 237, 240, 244, 248 332 Wittelsbach, family of 26±7 Wallachia 52, 92 Wlen (LaÈhn) 15

Index 371

Wadysaw, duke of Opole Yeltsin, Boris (1931± ) 329 (1356±1401) 44 Wadysaw I okietek `the Short', king Zabocki, Klement (1912±83) 305 of Poland (1306±33) 19, 20±2, ZajaÎczek, JoÂ zef (1752±1826) 151 23±6, 38 Zaleski, August (1883±1972) 294, Wadysaw II Jagieo see Jagieo 304 Wadysaw III `of Varna', king of Poland Zambia 301 (1434±44) 44, 50±1, 61, 153 ZamosÂcÂ 89, 229 Wadysaw IV, king of Poland Zamoyski, Andrzej (1800±74) 173, (1632±48) 84, 88, 92, 93, 95±6 174, 177, 178 Wadysaw Wygnaniec `the Exile', duke Zamoyski, Jan (1542±1605) 89, 91 in Poland (1138±46, d. 1159) 11 Zamoyski, Maurycy (1871±1939) 220 Wadysaw/Vladislav II/ UlaÂszloÂ II, king ZaÂpolya, John (1487±1540) 55 of Bohemia (1471±1516) and ZaÂpolya, John Sigismund (1540±71) Hungary (1490±1516) 51, 55 55 Wodzimierz see Vladimir Zbigniew, son of Wodzisaw Herman Wodzisaw Herman, prince of Poland (d. 1112) 10 (1079±1100) 10 Zborowski, Samuel (d. 1583) 88 Wojciechowski, Stanisaw (1869±1953) Ziemowit III, duke of Mazowsze 236, 240, 241 (1341±70) 27 Wojtya, Karol see John Paul II, pope Ziemowit IV, duke of Pock Wrocaw (Breslau) 15, 19, 279, 313 (1381±1426) 37 Wybicki, JoÂ zef (1747±1822) 123, 139, Zionism 197, 236, 249, 301 (see also 141 Jews) Wysouch, Bolesaw (1855±1937) and Zotoryja 15 Maria (1858±1905) 202 ZoÈ llner, Ernst von, Grand Master of the WyspianÂ ski, Stanisaw (1869±1907) Teutonic Knights (1382±90) 38 207±8, 209 Zubov, Platon (1767±1822) 128 WyszynÂ ski, Stefan (1901±81) 292, 297, 300, 301, 308±9, 312 ZÇ eromski, Stefan (1864±1925) 216 ZÇ oÂ kiewski, Stanisaw (1547±1620) 92 Yad Vashem Institute (in Israel) 261 ZÇ oÂ rawski, Stanisaw (1863±1935) 207 Yalta, conference (1945) 274±5, 329 ZÇ urawno (Zhuravno), treaty of (1676) Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev 105 (1019±54) 7, 27 Yatwings (JadzÇwingowie), pagan tribe ZÏ emaitija (ZÇ mudzÂ, Samogitia) 38, 45, 18 48