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John III Sobieski at Vienna John III Sobieski at Vienna John III Sobieski at Vienna Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: [w:] Jan III Sobieski, List do królowej Marii Kazimiery, oprac. Leszek Kukulski, red. , wybór , Warszawa 1962. John III Sobieski at Vienna John III Sobieski’s entry to Vienna Source: Wjazd Jana III Sobieskiego do Wiednia, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn where from and why did Ottoman Turks come to Europe; what is the history of Polish and Turkish relations in the 17th century; who was John III Sobieski and what are his merits for Poland; what is the history of the victory of Polish army – battle of Vienna of 1683. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Since the 14th century the Ottoman Empire (the name comes from Osman – tribe leader from the medieval times) had been creating with conquests a great empire encompassing wide territories of Asia Minor, Middle East, North Africa and Europe. In Europe almost the whole Balkan Peninsula was under the sultan (Turkish ruler). The Turks threatened Poland and the Habsburg monarchy (Austria). Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldova (duchies which are parts of present‐day Romania and Moldova) were a bone of contention. In 1683 Vienna, the capital of Austria, was besieged by the Turkish army. Polish king John III Sobieski concluded an alliance with the emperor Leopold I. United Polish and German armies under the command of the Polish monarch came to the relief of Austrian capital. On 12th September 1683 there was a great battle of Vienna where John III magnificently defeated Turks. Polish mercenaries (Hussars) and artillery had the key role there. The Turkish army was crashed. Vienna was saved. Exercise 1 Look at the map and then do the exercise. Territorial evoluon of the Ooman Empire in 15th and 16th centuries Source: Wzrost terytorialny Imperium Osmańskiego w XV i XVI w., Krysan Chariza i zespół. Point out connents which the Ooman Empire encompassed. Asia, Africa and Europe Asia and Africa Asia and Europe Africa and Europe Exercise 2 Look and the picture and then do the exercise. Defence of the banner of Poland at Chocim Source: Juliusz Kossak, Obrona polskiego sztandaru pod Chocimiem, domena publiczna. Point out what the painter wanted to expose. desperate defence of the banner of Poland heroism of Poles Turks’ escape from the battlefield greater number of Turks Task 1 Jan Matejko’s painng painted between 1882 and 1883 for the 200th anniversary of the bale of Vienna. The painter decided to present the painng in Vienna because of the fact that the parcipaon of the Polish army and its commander – king John III Sobieski was diminished. Then, in December 1883 Matejko and the Polish delegaon went to Rome and handed the painng to Pope Leon XIII as a gi from the Polish naon. Unl today you can admire the painng in Vacan Museums. Look at the painng. John Sobieski at Vienna Source: Jan Matejko, Jan Sobieski pod Wiedniem, 1883, domena publiczna. Task 2 Have a look at the picture and say how the Polish king was welcomed in Vienna. Exercise 3 These are excerpts of a leer wrien by John III Sobieski to his wife Queen Marie Casimire just aer the victory. Read the text and then do the exercise. “ Letter to Queen Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien In vizier’s tents, 13th September 1683. The only consolaon of soul and heart, the most beauful and beloved Marysienka! God and the Lord blessed forever gave the victory and fame as big as nobody had never heard of our naon. We took over all cannons, the whole camp and priceless abundance. The enemy is escaping in confusion [ashamed]. We took over camels, mules, cale, sheep. The enemy le gunpowder worth more than a million zlotych. The vizier escaped so quickly that he took only one cloth and one horse. I took over all his belongings, including the tent as big as Warsaw or Lviv. I have all his marks, the flag given to him by the Turkish emperor and a horse with an expensive saddle. There are numerous gold sabres and other soldier equipment in the field le by the army who had escaped. I can count that there are one hundred thousand tents le by the Turks on the field. And what facilies the vizier had by his tent – indescribable! There were a bathhouse, a garden, fountains, rabbits, cats and even a parrot and an ostrich. We took it all over. Source: [w:] Jan III Sobieski, Leer to Queen Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien, oprac. Leszek Kukulski, Warszawa 1962. Mark true sentences. Turkish vizier lived very modestly. The king wrote the letter in conquered tent of the vizier. While escaping Turks left much armour on the battlefield. John III Sobieski claimed that the victory in the battle of Vienna had been the greatest success in Polish history. Turks managed to take their artillery out of the camp. The vizier’s tent was not big. Exercise 4 Complete the gaps with appropriate terms. Holy League, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, John III Sobieski, Podolia, extoron money, Vienna, Chocim, rebellion, Austria, king Aer the victories of Royal Hetman John III Sobieski over the Ooman Empire in the bales of .......................................................... (1673) and Żurawno (1676) an armisce was signed. It helped avoid .......................................................... which had been paid by Poland since 1672 and regain part of lost territories. It coincided with the death of king .......................................................... (1673), who in Sobieski’s demands of increasing expenditures for army saw a possible .......................................................... not the necessity of defending state borders. Aer the victorious bales the high-spirited nobility chose Hetman .........................................................., who as the conqueror of Turks was supposed to guarantee stability and power of the state, for the king. However, peace did not last long. Aer concluding the alliance with .......................................................... in 1683 the armisce was breached and a new Polish-Turkish war started. Its crucial event was the defence of imperial capital of .......................................................... conducted by the Polish .......................................................... on 12th September 1683. A great victory of John III Sobieski and following creaon of Chrisan states coalion, so called .........................................................., let push away the Porte from Central Europe and regain among others Hungary and Transylvania for the benefit of Austria as well as .......................................................... and Ukrainian territories for the benefit of Poland. Since that me the Ooman Empire had not been a threat to Europe and wars with it were only a problem of its border states – mainly Russia and Austria. Keywords John III Sobieski, the Vienna expedition, the Turks, the Ottoman Empire Glossary Sultan Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Sułtan – tytuł władcy używany w krajach muzułmańskich, np. osmańskiej Turcji. Vizier Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Wezyr – najważniejszy urzędnik na dworze sułtana, jego namiestnik. Stał na czele kancelarii państwa. Janissers Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Janczarzy – elitarne oddziały tureckiej piechoty doskonale uzbrojone, stanowiące podstawę armii osmańskiej Turcji. Pochodzili najczęściej z poboru chrześcijańskich chłopców, którzy szkoleni i indoktrynowani stawali się fanatycznie oddanymi sułtanowi żołnierzami. Yasir Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Jasyr – niewola turecka lub tatarska. Porta Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Porta – historyczne określenie dworu lub rządu sułtanów w państwie tureckim. Potocznie odnosi się również do państwa tureckiego jako całości, szczególnie w stosunkach dyplomatycznych. Tatars Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Tatarzy – ludność zamieszkująca północno‐wschodnie wybrzeże Morza Czarnego. Byli podwładnymi sułtana tureckiego i w razie wojny służyli w jego armii, jako świetni jeźdźcy. W czasie pokoju zajmowali się głównie hodowlą zwierząt i rolnictwem. Cossacks Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Kozacy – wieloetniczna, chrześcijańska grupa ludności zamieszkująca tereny na pograniczu Rzeczypospolitej i Rosji. W jej skład wchodzili zarówno uciekający od pańszczyzny chłopi, ludzie fałszywie oskarżeni, przestępcy i inni uciekinierzy. Trudnili się handlem, rybołówstwem, hodowlą zwierząt i wojaczką. Często podejmowali wyprawy łupieskie na tereny Imperium Osmańskiego. Hussars Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Husaria – polska jazda w początkowym okresie lekka, z czasem przekształcona w ciężką, zaliczana do najskuteczniejszych formacji wojskowych w dziejach kawalerii. Charakterystyczną cechą były długie, nawet 5 m, kopie oraz przymocowane do pleców zbroi paradnej skrzydła, które najprawdopodobniej nie były używane w czasie walki. Lesson plan (Polish) Temat lekcji: Jan III Sobieski pod Wiedniem Autor scenariusza: Marcin Dyś Adresat Uczeń klasy V szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa XI. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów i jej sąsiedzi w XVII wieku. Uczeń: 1. wyjaśnia główne przyczyny wojen Rzeczypospolitej z (…) Turcją; 2. sytuuje w czasie, lokalizuje i omawia najważniejsze bitwy w XVII wieku; 3. dokonuje oceny następstw politycznych, społecznych i gospodarczych wojen w XVII wieku. Ogólny cel kształcenia Uczniowie zapoznają się z relacjami polsko‐tureckimi w XVII wieku oraz wielkim zwycięstwem polskiego króla pod Wiedniem w 1683 roku. Kształtowane kompetencje kluczowe porozumiewanie się w języku ojczystym; porozumiewanie
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