BG 55/2018 Safety in Building Services Design 2Nd Edition SAMPLE

BG 55/2018

Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition

By Richard Tudor

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 1 17/09/2018 12:05:39 Acknowledgements

This guide was authored by Richard Tudor of WSP.

Particular thanks are due to David Bleicher, John Sands and other BSRIA staff for their support and contributions. Final editorial control of this document rested with BSRIA.

BSRIA would like to thank Zarges (UK) Ltd. and Facelift (GB) Ltd. who kindly provided photographs.

BSRIA is the owner or the licensee of all intellectual property rights in this publication, and in the content published in it. Consent is granted to users of this publication to reproduce and modify the list in appendix C for use on their projects in accordance with the limited licence on the inside back cover of this publication. All risk associated with the use of material from this publication is assumed entirely by the user. Full terms and conditions can be found at www.bsria.co.uk/terms.

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 2 17/09/2018 13:10:11 BG 55/2018

Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition

By Richard Tudor

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 3 17/09/2018 12:05:39

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Legislation and working practices 2 2.1 Health and safety legislation structure 2 2.2 Extent of compliance 3 2.3 Effects of implementing a design 4 2.4 Work at height 5 2.5 Confined spaces 6 2.6 Manual handling 7

3 Construction (Design and Management) 9 3.1 Working as a designer 9 3.2 Pre-construction information 12

4 Hazards and Risks 13 4.1 Defining hazards and risks 13 4.2 Hazard elimination and risk mitigation 14 4.3 Managing risk 14 4.4 Design change control 17 4.5 Maintaining Records 17

5 Design Approach 18 5.1 Early design stages 18 5.2 Integrated working 18

6 Space Requirements and Access Systems 19 6.1 Influencing factors in selecting methods of access 19 6.2 Temporary access equipment 22 6.3 Permanent access 24 6.4 Transportation of equipment 25 6.5 Craneage and lifting 26

7 Maintenance 27 7.1 Understanding maintenance requirements 27 7.2 Types of maintenance 28 7.3 Designing for maintenance 29 7.4 Facilities for maintenance 32

iv | BG 55/2018 SAFETY IN BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN 2ND EDITION ©BSRIA

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 4 17/09/2018 12:05:39

8 Plant Room Design 34 8.1 Plant space location 34 8.2 Plant layout 34 8.3 Access and escape routes 36

9 Service Ducts, Risers and Voids 38 9.1 Space and layout 38

10 Communication 40 10.1 Communicating risk 40 10.2 Communication mechanisms 40 10.3 Contractual interfaces 44 10.4 Feedback 45 10.5 Health and Safety File 45

Appendix A: Additional Legislation and Regulations 46

Appendix B: Summary of CDM 2015 Dutyholders and Their Roles 49

Appendix C: Considerations in Designing for Safe Installation and Maintainability 51

Appendix D: Building Services - Red, Amber And Green Lists 55

Appendix E: Typical Risk Register 57

References 58

Bibliography 59

©BSRIA SAFETY IN BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN 2ND EDITION BG 55/2018 | v

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 5 17/09/2018 12:05:39 BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 6 17/09/2018 12:05:43 1 Introduction

Construction is one of the more hazardous industries, accounting for about a quarter of all fatal injuries to workers in Great Britain. Decisions made by designers can affect the health and safety of workers, including those who will use the completed building as a workplace. Taking risks arising from the design into account can positively affect a project and make it easier for these risks to be managed by those who will be installing and maintaining the building.

Space, and the cost of providing space, for plant and building services distribution is at a premium and designers often come under pressure to reduce the spatial requirements for building services installations. In order to discharge their obligations, designers must take considerable care to provide safe means of access for installation, maintenance and equipment replacement.

To consider access needs adequately, designers need to understand the likely installation and maintenance work required in the buildings they design. In addition, there needs to be an awareness of the legislative requirements that a design may impose on the installer and end user.

The poor provision of safe access for maintenance could result in an increased likelihood of cutting corners or omitting maintenance and repair activities. This, in turn, could result in building services failures that could adversely affect safety, compliance and productivity.

The first edition of this guide was published in 2014, prior tothe 2015 revisions to the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (CDM 2015). This second edition takes into account CDM 2015, providing much expanded guidance, together with providing additional information to assist the active and continuing attention to safe access issues for installation and maintainability throughout the design process.

This guide is intended for use by designers and provides guidance on designing for safety for both new build and refurbishment projects. However, the diversity in type, configuration and possible location of plant means it is not possible to give definitive guidance for all installations.

©BSRIA SAFETY IN BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN 2ND EDITION BG 55/2018 | 1

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 1 17/09/2018 12:18:04 Legislation and working practices

performance design it is important that the design does not constrain safety of construction, operation, maintenance or future plant replacement.

2.4 Work at height The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (Amended 2007) apply to all work where there is a risk of a fall liable to cause personal injury. A place is ‘at height’ if (unless the Regulations are followed) a person could be injured falling from it, even if it is at or below ground level. The Regulations set out a simple hierarchy for managing and selecting equipment for work at height (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: Hierarchy for working at height

Duty- holders must:

avoid work at height where they can.

use work equipment or other measures to prevent falls where they cannot avoid working at height.

where they cannot eliminate the risk of a fall use work equipment or other measures to minimise the distance and consequences of a fall should one occur.

The Regulations require dutyholders to ensure that…

• all work at height is properly planned and organised. • those involved in work at height are competent and trained. • risks from work at height are assessed. • appropriate work equipment is selected and used. • risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlled. • risks from falling objects are properly controlled. • equipment for work at height is properly inspected and maintained. • all work at height takes account of weather conditions. • the work location is safe.

©BSRIA SAFETY IN BUILDING SERVICES DESIGN 2ND EDITION BG 55/2018 | 5

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 5 17/09/2018 12:05:45 9 Service Ducts, Risers and Voids

Most projects require building services to be enclosed for part of their route through the building. Services may be enclosed in a variety of types of spaces, for example service ducts forming part of the building structure or non-load bearing elements that may be inside a building or attached to its outside.

If sufficient space is not allowed in the initial concept it can be extremely difficult to achieve a satisfactory solution in the completed project. 9.1 Space and layout BS 8313[1] provides recommendations on the design, construction and installation of service ducts. This includes space provisions for safe access, installation and maintenance. It also covers enclosures such as ceiling voids and cavities which are used for services but which are not always referred to as service ducts. The influence of the frequency of maintenance on the provision of access is addressed in the standard. It concentrates primarily on space provisions for air ducts, considering methods of jointing, insulation and the relationship of the duct to enclosure walls.

Access openings to ducts large enough to be entered should have the minimum sizes as shown in Figure 17. These sizes should be increased as necessary if space inside or outside the duct is restricted. Openings should be located to ensure safe access is possible, particularly taking into account heights of thresholds. All access doors should be capable of being opened from within the duct.

Figure 17: Minimum size of access openings for passage by persons

600

1400

600 600 600

600

All dimensions are in millimetres Source BS 8313[1]

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 38 17/09/2018 12:05:57 Communication

Figure 19: Risk information symbols for use on drawings

Warns of a residual risk that is unusual and cannot be designed out

Indicates a residual risk requiring a compulsory action

Indicates a residual risk requiring a specific action to be avoided. By prohibiting such actions, the risk of someone being injured can be removed.

Conveys information about a residual risk, or information that may affect the way a project is managed or undertaken

Examples: The site is located within an occupied building and other Do not obstruct the tenants will have access to walkway during installation the common areas throughout the contract period

Space in front of the Fan to be mounted boilers to remain clear for adjacent to the walkway to safe burner removal ease installation and future maintenance

10.3 Contractual interfaces It is important to ensure that interfaces between the parties involved in a project are adequately defined, particularly between designers and contractors. Risk thrives at interfaces.

Considerations should include:

• Are the duties and responsibilities between parties clearly defined? • Is the method and timing of the interchange of information clearly established? • Is the process of coordinating the hazard elimination and risk reduction process clearly established?

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 44 17/09/2018 12:05:58 Engineering services: Test, compliance and consultancy support services for clients, designers, constructors, manufacturers and facilities managers Instrument solutions:Hire, sales and calibration of instruments Market intelligence: Off the shelf reports, bespoke studies and management consultancy for global markets Information and membership: Bookshop, library, training, networks and events

Head Office: Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 7AH UK T: 0800 254 5700 (UK) or +44 (0) 1344 465 600 | F: +44 (0) 1344 465 626

BSRIA North: 68 Walton Summit Road, Bamber Bridge, Preston PR5 8AQ UK T: +44 (0) 1772 754 380

E: [email protected] | W: www.bsria.co.uk

Overseas offices in United States, China, France and Spain

BG 552018 Safety in Building Services Design 2nd edition v2 .indd 62 17/09/2018 12:06:00