Le Cymbalum Mundi De Bonaventure Des Périers: La Difficile Interprétation D’Un Recueil Humaniste

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Le Cymbalum Mundi De Bonaventure Des Périers: La Difficile Interprétation D’Un Recueil Humaniste Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Academiejaar 2006-2007 Esther Kestemont Le Cymbalum Mundi de Bonaventure Des Périers: la difficile interprétation d’un recueil humaniste Promotor : Dr. Alexander Roose Verhandeling voorgelegd aan de Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte tot het behalen van de graad licentiaat in de Taal- en Letterkunde: Romaanse Talen Remerciements Ecrire le mémoire est le dernier stade à franchir avant d‟obtenir le diplôme. Après les quatre Ŕ pour certains d‟entre nous même plus de quatre Ŕ années d‟étude, ce travail en est le couronnement. Or, le résultat final, que vous détenez à ce moment, n‟aurait pas pu se réaliser sans l‟aide de certaines personnes. Tout d‟abord, mes remerciements les plus reconnaissants vont à Dr. Alexander Roose. Outre son enthousiasme et son encouragement, qui ne peuvent que produire un effet contagieux, je le remercie de sa disponibilité ainsi que de ses conseils constructifs. Ma gratitude va aussi à ma famille, surtout à mes parents. Ils m‟ont non seulement donné la possibilité d‟entamer des études universitaires, mais ils m‟ont soutenue du début à la fin. En dernier lieu, je tiens à remercier mon ami, Frank Ketels. Il n‟est pas facile de participer à la besogne d‟une personne en train d‟écrire son mémoire. Je le remercie pour avoir assumé les soins du ménage, pour son aide Ŕ surtout à propos de l‟aspect technique du mémoire Ŕ et pour son soutien perpétuel. Table des matières 1. Introduction ………………………………………………….……………….. p. 1 2. Préface historique ……………………………………………….….……….. p. 4 2.1 Le XVIe siècle …………………………………...…….……………... p. 4 2.2 Bonaventure Des Périers ……….……………..……………….… p. 6 2.2.1 L‟affaire du Cymbalum Mundi …………….….……….. p. 8 2.2.2 Les répercussions pour l‟auteur ……………….…..… p. 15 3. Le Cymbalum Mundi ……………………….……………………..……...…. p. 20 3.1 La forme ……………………………………….……………..….…… p. 20 3.2 Le contenu : résumé des quatre dialogues ………..…………. p. 21 3.2.1 Dialogue I ………………………………….……………… p. 21 3.2.2 Dialogue II ……………………………………….…...…… p. 22 3.2.3 Dialogue III ………………….………………..…………… p. 23 3.2.4 Dialogue IV ……………………….………….…….……… p. 24 4. L‟interprétation du Cymbalum Mundi …………….………...…….…….. p. 26 4.1 Une œuvre contraire au christianisme …………..……...……. p. 27 4.1.1 André Zébédée …………….….………………………….. p. 28 4.1.2 Guillaume Postel …………….………………...………… p. 28 4.1.3 Jean Calvin …………….……………………….………… p. 29 4.1.4 Un jugement qui se passe de lecture ? ………..……. p. 30 4.1.4.1 Henri Estienne ………………….….………….. p. 31 4.1.4.2 François Grudé, sieur de La Croix du Maine ……….…………….………….……… p. 32 4.1.4.3 Jean Chassanion …………….…………….….. p. 33 4.1.4.4 Estienne Pasquier …………………….………. p. 33 4.1.4.5 Le père Marin Mersenne ……………….……. p. 34 4.1.4.6 Pierre de l‟Estoile …….….………….…………. p. 35 4.1.4.7 Théophile Spizelius …….....….……………...... p. 35 4.1.4.8 Morery ……………………..…………………….. p. 36 4.1.4.9 Nicolas Catherinot …………….…………....… p. 36 4.1.4.10 Georges Daniel Morhofius ………………... p. 37 4.1.4.11 Pierre Bayle …………………...……………… p. 37 4.1.5 Gisbertius Voetius …………………..……….………….. p. 38 4.1.6 Bernard de La Monnoye ………………..……………… p. 38 4.1.7 Eloi Johanneau : A la recherche des clefs du Cymbalum Mundi …………………..…………………… p. 40 4.1.7.1 Le sens du titre et de l‟épître dédicatoire ... p. 40 4.1.7.2 Le sens des quatre dialogues ………….…… p. 42 4.1.8 Charles Nodier ……………….…………….…………….. p. 47 4.1.9 Paul Lacroix Jacob ……………....…….……………...… p. 51 4.1.10 Félix Frank ……………………….………..……………. p. 52 4.1.11 Henri Hauser …………………………………...………. p. 53 4.1.12 Alfred Jeanroy …………………………….…....………. p. 53 4.1.13 Pierre-Paul Plan …………………….……………….…. p. 53 4.1.14 Abel Lefranc …………………….……………..………... p. 54 4.1.15 Henri Busson ………….…………..……….…………… p. 55 4.1.16 Ernst Walser …………………….……………..……….. p. 57 4.1.17 Josef Bohatec …………………….……………..…….... p. 59 4.1.18 Lucien Febvre : « Pro Celso » ……………..……….… p. 61 4.1.18.1 Dialogue II : « Un dialogue sur la Réforme » p. 62 ……………….……..…...……….…. 4.1.18.2 La rencontre avec Etienne Dolet …..….….. p. 66 4.1.18.3 Dialogue I & III : « Le Livre de Jupiter » ………………….…...………….…… p. 68 4.1.18.4 La rencontre avec Celse, à travers Origène ……………………..…………………. p. 72 4.1.18.5 Dialogue III & IV : « Les Bêtes qui parlent » ……….……………………….……… p. 75 4.1.18.6 Conclusion ……………………….…………… p. 76 4.1.19 Henri Just ……….……………………………….……… p. 78 4.1.20 Léon Wencelius ……….…………...................………… p. 79 4.1.21 Claude Albert Mayer ………...........…….….................. p. 80 4.1.22 Pierre Jourda ……………….…………………..………. p. 83 4.1.23 Roland Mousnier …………............................................. p. 83 4.1.24 A. M. Schmidt ………………….………….……………. p. 84 4.1.25 Christopher Robinson …...……….……………...……. p. 84 4.1.26 Jean Wirth …………….………………………...………. p. 87 4.1.27 Malcolm C. Smith …………………….………...……… p. 88 4.1.28 Max Gauna ………….……………………………..……. p. 91 4.1.29 Laurent Calvié …………….……………………...…….. p. 94 4.2 L‟absence de jugement …………………………….…...………… p. 96 4.2.1 Le Cymbalum Mundi, œuvre innocente ….….……… p. 96 4.2.1.1 Antoine du Verdier, sieur de Vauprivas …. p. 97 4.2.1.2 Prosper Marchand ….….……………………… p. 97 4.2.1.3 Voltaire ……….…………...…………………….. p. 100 4.2.1.4 Le père Niceron …….………………………….. p. 102 4.2.1.5 L‟abbé Sabatier de Castres …………………. p. 103 4.2.1.6 Philipp-August Becker …….…….….....…….. p. 103 4.2.1.7 Louis Delaruelle ………..……………………… p. 104 4.2.1.8 Olivier Millet ………….……………..…………. p. 107 4.2.2 Le Cymbalum Mundi, œuvre inintelligible …….……. p. 109 4.2.2.1 L‟abbé Goujet ………..…………………….…... p. 109 4.2.2.2 M. Auguis …………….…………………………. p. 110 4.2.2.3 Jean Céard ……….…………………………….. p. 110 4.2.2.4 André Tournon ……….………………...……… p. 111 4.3 Une œuvre chrétienne ………………….………..………………. p. 113 4.3.1 Le Duchat ………………………………………………… p. 113 4.3.2 Louis Lacour ………………………….………..…..…….. p. 114 4.3.3 Adolphe Chenevière ………….…………………………. p. 116 4.3.4 Verdun-Louis Saulnier : Le Cymbalum Mundi, œuvre hésuchiste ……………………………….……… p. 117 4.3.4.1 Les thèmes du Cymbalum Mundi …………. p. 118 4.3.4.2 « Une apologie du silence » …………………. p. 119 4.3.4.3 L‟hésuchisme : Une foi évangélique, une politique non-interventionniste ……...…….. p. 125 4.3.4.4 Le Cymbalum Mundi situé dans l‟œuvre de Des Périers ……………...…….…...……….. p. 126 4.3.5 Lionello Sozzi …………….……………….……….……… p. 127 4.3.6 Peter Hampshire Nurse : Scepticisme et Spiritualité …………………….……..…………………... p. 128 4.3.6.1 Les sources intellectuelles du Cymbalum Mundi ………….……………...…… p. 129 4.3.6.2 Le sens du Cymbalum Mundi …….………… p. 132 4.3.7 Michael A. Screech : Le Cymbalum Mundi, œuvre catholique .....………………….………………………....... p. 135 4.3.7.1 Une condamnation étrange …………….…… p. 136 4.3.7.2 L‟auteur du Cymbalum Mundi …………..…. p. 138 4.3.8 Heather Ingman .....………….………...………………… p. 140 4.4 Une œuvre philosophique ……………………………………….. p. 143 4.4.1 Wolfgang Spitzer : Une critique de l‟homme et de son abus de la parole ………………………………….. p. 144 4.4.2 Ian R. Morrison : Une œuvre éthique, une perspective comique ……………………….…………… p. 145 4.4.3 Wolfgang Boerner : « Une satire de la société peinte dans ses représentants typiques » …………. p. 148 4.4.4 François Berriot : « Une des premières manifestations de l‟agnosticisme » ? ………….…….. p. 151 4.4.5 Yves Delègue : La parole en cause ……….………….. p. 154 4.4.6 Michèle Clément : Le Cymbalum Mundi, œuvre cynique ………………….………………………………… p. 157 5. Conclusions ……………………………….…….……………………………. p. 160 6. Bibliographie …………………………………………………………………. p. 166 7. Annexe ………………….……………………………………………………… p. 172 1. Introduction L‟objet de notre étude, le Cymbalum Mundi, attribué à Bonaventure Des Périers (attribution que nous reprenons), est un livre mal connu de nos jours. C‟est d‟autant plus étonnant lorsque l‟on se rend compte du nombre impressionnant d‟études consacrées à ce livret. Dès sa parution, le Cymbalum Mundi a attiré l‟attention, que cela soit pour en faire l‟éloge ou, au contraire, pour condamner ses prétendues idées blasphématoires. Les opinions ne pourraient être plus partagées par rapport au sens de l‟œuvre. Le Cymbalum Mundi n‟est qu‟un tout petit livre, composé de quatre dialogues divertissants. Or, la plupart des critiques ont cru discerner dans ce court texte beaucoup plus qu‟un simple divertissement d‟érudit. Ils ont conseillé de ne pas se limiter au sens littéral du livre et ils ont tenté de dégager « le sens caché ». L‟objectif de notre étude ne sera pas d‟ajouter, à notre tour, une interprétation du Cymbalum Mundi. Pour arriver à une interprétation cohérente et nouvelle, il faudrait non seulement une analyse profonde des arguments textuels du livre même, mais aussi une étude approfondie des autres œuvres de Des Périers. Notre étude se concentrera sur les diverses interprétations du Cymbalum Mundi qui ont été formulées dans le passé. Nous nous efforcerons de rassembler toutes ces interprétations et de présenter, en forme résumée, leurs points essentiels. Nous ne voudrions toutefois pas prétendre de proposer un survol exhaustif. Pour le faire bien trop d‟auteurs ont étudié le Cymbalum Mundi. Un grand nombre des critiques a dédié un essai ou même un livre entier à Des Périers et à son opuscule. Plusieurs ont même proposé une nouvelle édition du livre. D‟autres n‟ont mentionné le texte de Des Périers qu‟en passant. Il convient aussi de remarquer qu‟un grand nombre d‟études n‟ont analysé qu‟un détail ou qu‟un seul aspect du Cymbalum Mundi et n‟apportent donc rien sur le sens en général. Ces analyses ont été négligées, parce que l‟enjeu de notre travail constitue justement l‟interprétation du sens général du livre de Des Périers. Pour le reste, il est également possible que dans l‟interminable liste des interprétations, quelques noms seraient échappés à notre attention. Nous allons toutefois tenter de réunir la plupart des opinions sur le sens général du Cymbalum Mundi. Tout en nous concentrant sur les plus importantes. De toute évidence, nous tenterons de présenter ici en tout cas un survol plus complet et plus élaboré que tous ceux présentés par quelconque tentative antérieure.
Recommended publications
  • Chapter 15: Resources This Is by No Means an Exhaustive List. It's Just
    Chapter 15: Resources This is by no means an exhaustive list. It's just meant to get you started. ORGANIZATIONS African Americans for Humanism Supports skeptics, doubters, humanists, and atheists in the African American community, provides forums for communication and education, and facilitates coordinated action to achieve shared objectives. <a href="http://aahumanism.net">aahumanism.net</a> American Atheists The premier organization laboring for the civil liberties of atheists and the total, absolute separation of government and religion. <a href="http://atheists.org">atheists.org</a> American Humanist Association Advocating progressive values and equality for humanists, atheists, and freethinkers. <a href="http://americanhumanist.org">americanhumanist.org</a> Americans United for Separation of Church and State A nonpartisan organization dedicated to preserving church-state separation to ensure religious freedom for all Americans. <a href="http://au.org">au.org</a> Atheist Alliance International A global federation of atheist and freethought groups and individuals, committed to educating its members and the public about atheism, secularism and related issues. <a href="http://atheistalliance.org">atheistalliance.org</a> Atheist Alliance of America The umbrella organization of atheist groups and individuals around the world committed to promoting and defending reason and the atheist worldview. <a href="http://atheistallianceamerica.org">atheistallianceamerica.org< /a> Atheist Ireland Building a rational, ethical and secular society free from superstition and supernaturalism. <a href="http://atheist.ie">atheist.ie</a> Black Atheists of America Dedicated to bridging the gap between atheism and the black community. <a href="http://blackatheistsofamerica.org">blackatheistsofamerica.org </a> The Brights' Net A bright is a person who has a naturalistic worldview.
    [Show full text]
  • Religions and Legal Boundaries of Democracy in Europe: European Commitment to Democratic Principles
    Religions and legal boundaries of democracy in Europe: European commitment to democratic principles University of Helsinki, 2009 Religions and legal boundaries of democracy in Europe: European commitment to democratic principles Dorota A. Gozdecka Academic Dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki for public examination in the Auditorium of the Helsinki University Museum Arppeanum (Snellmaninkatu 3, Helsinki) on 7 November 2009 at 10 a.m. supervisor: Adjunct Professor Ari Hirvonen, University of Helsinki preliminary examiners: Professor Kimmo Nuotio, University of Helsinki Associate Professor Lisbet Christoffersen, University of Roskilde opponent: Professor Zenon Bankowski, University of Edinburgh Language edition: Doctor Joan Löfgren, University of Tampere Graphic design: Ville Sutinen Cover painting: Anna Kozar-Poikonen Copyright © 2009 Dorota A. Gozdecka ISBN 978-952-92-6256-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-10-5803-5 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi University of Helsinki 2009 I dedicate this book to my parents as an expression of appreciation for their constant support of my scientific endeavours. Pracę tę dedykuję moim rodzicom, z podziękowaniami za wkład, jaki włożyli w proces mojej edukacji i wsparcie dla moich naukowych wysiłków. Abstract This dissertation’s main research questions concern common European principles of democracy in regard to religious freedom. It deals with the modern understanding of European democracy and is a combination of interdisciplinary research on law, culture, politics and philosophy. The main objective of this research is to identify common European legal principles and standards applying to religious freedom and compare them with standards and approaches in particular states. The bases for the analysis are the principles of equality and achievement of religious pluralism.
    [Show full text]
  • Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English And
    Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Juraj Štyrák When Jesters Do the Preaching Religious Parody and Satire in South Park Bachelor‟s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Jeffrey A. Vanderziel, B.A. 2015 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. ………………………………………… Author‟s signature I would like to thank my supervisor Jeffrey A. Vanderziel, B.A. for his wise guidance, valuable feedback, and nerves of steel. Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. - 5 - 1. From Zeros to Heroes. History of “South Park” ...................................................... - 7 - 2. I don‟t get it! Theoretical Groundwork of Comedy ............................................... - 15 - 2.1. Parody ............................................................................................................. - 15 - 2.2. Incongruity ...................................................................................................... - 17 - 2.3. Satire ............................................................................................................... - 18 - 2.4. Intertextuality .................................................................................................. - 21 - 3. Laughing in the Face of God. Humor and Religion .............................................. - 26 - 4. Prophets,
    [Show full text]
  • Why the First Amendment Must Protect Provocative Portrayals of the Prophet Muhammad Daniel Ortner
    Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy Volume 12 | Issue 1 Article 1 Winter 2016 The eT rrorist's Veto: Why the First Amendment Must Protect Provocative Portrayals of the Prophet Muhammad Daniel Ortner Recommended Citation Daniel Ortner, The Terrorist's Veto: Why the First Amendment Must Protect Provocative Portrayals of the Prophet Muhammad, 12 Nw. J. L. & Soc. Pol'y. 1 (2016). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njlsp/vol12/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Copyright 2016 by Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law Vol. 12, Issue 1 (2016) Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy The Terrorist’s Veto: Why the First Amendment Must Protect Provocative Portrayals of the Prophet Muhammad Daniel Ortner1 I. INTRODUCTION On Wednesday, January 7, 2015, armed gunmen entered the offices of French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and killed employees and editors of the magazine in probable retaliation for the publication of satirical cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad.2 The attack on Charlie Hebdo has contributed to the debate over whether publication of speech that is likely to provoke violent reactions from religious extremists should be permissible.3 Some have argued that such speech should be prohibited in order to prevent responsive violence and terrorism.4 Recently, a school of journalism dean argued in USA Today that the publication of cartoons that insult the Prophet Muhammad 1 Daniel Ortner, J.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Instructor's Guide
    DRAWN TO THE GODS Religion and Humor in The Simpsons, South Park, and Family Guy Instructor’s Guide Dives into a new world of religious satire illuminated through the layers of religion and humor that make up the The Simpsons, South Park, and Family Guy. Drawing on the worldviews put forth by three wildly popular animated shows – The Simpsons, South Park, and Family Guy– David Feltmate demonstrates how ideas about religion’s proper place in American society are communicated through comedy. The book includes discussion of a wide range of American religions, including Protestant and Catholic Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Native American Religions, New Religious Movements, “Spirituality,” Hinduism, and Atheism. Along the way, readers are shown that jokes about religion are influential tools for teaching viewers how to interpret and judge religious people and institutions. Feltmate develops a picture of how each show understands 304 pages | Paper | 978-1-4798-9036-1 Religion and communicates what constitutes good religious practice as well as which traditions they seek to exclude on the basis of Contents: race and ethnicity, stupidity, or danger. From Homer Simpson’s • Chapter Summaries with Discussion Questions spiritual journey during a chili-pepper induced hallucination to and Recommended Episodes South Park’s boxing match between Jesus and Satan to Peter • Questions for Reflection Griffin’s worship of the Fonz, each show uses humor to convey • Supplementary Assignments a broader commentary about the role of religion in public life. Through this examination, an understanding of what it means to "Without a doubt, I will use this delightful, well-researched, well-crafted monograph in my media, religion, and popular culture courses.
    [Show full text]
  • INSTITUTES of the CHRISTIAN RELIGION VOL. 1 Translated by Ford Lewis Battles
    THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY THEOLOGY INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION VOL. 1 Translated by Ford Lewis Battles Used by permission from The Westminster Press All Rights Reserved B o o k s F o r Th e A g e s AGES Software • Albany, OR USA Version 1.0 © 1998 2 JOHN CALVIN: INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION EDITED BY JOHN T. MCNEILL Auburn Professor Emeritus of Church History Union Theological Seminary New York TRANSLATED AND INDEXED BY FORD LEWIS BATTLES Philip Schaff Professor of Church History The Hartford Theological Seminary Hartford, Connecticut in collaboration with the editor and a committee of advisers Philadelphia 3 GENERAL EDITORS’ PREFACE The Christian Church possesses in its literature an abundant and incomparable treasure. But it is an inheritance that must be reclaimed by each generation. THE LIBRARY OF CHRISTIAN CLASSICS is designed to present in the English language, and in twenty-six volumes of convenient size, a selection of the most indispensable Christian treatises written prior to the end of the sixteenth century. The practice of giving circulation to writings selected for superior worth or special interest was adopted at the beginning of Christian history. The canonical Scriptures were themselves a selection from a much wider literature. In the patristic era there began to appear a class of works of compilation (often designed for ready reference in controversy) of the opinions of well-reputed predecessors, and in the Middle Ages many such works were produced. These medieval anthologies actually preserve some noteworthy materials from works otherwise lost. In modern times, with the increasing inability even of those trained in universities and theological colleges to read Latin and Greek texts with ease and familiarity, the translation of selected portions of earlier Christian literature into modern languages has become more necessary than ever; while the wide range of distinguished books written in vernaculars such as English makes selection there also needful.
    [Show full text]
  • MARGUERITE D'angouleme and the FRENCH LUTHERANS History
    In Commemoration of the 400th Anniversary of John Calvin's death, May 27, 1564. MARGUERITE D'ANGOULEME AND THE FRENCH LUTHERANS A STUDY IN PRE-CALVIN REFORMATION IN FRANCE: I DANIEL WALTHER Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan History (which to Paul Val6ry is the most dangerous pro- duct that the chemistry of the intellect has created) must not be subservient to a national cause.l Great minds endeavor to understand andiunite the various trends of history and litera- ture in surrounding nations-Goethe spoke of Welt1iteratu~- but in the latter nineteenth century a chauvinistic nationalism permeated even scholarship. The more one became indepen- dent of foreign ideas and alien influences, the more one thought to be original and creative. The Germany of Fichte sought to discover and defend the national heritage in Germany, and there was a corresponding attitude in the France of Duruy and Augustin Thierry. This nationalistic tendency, fifty years ago, is apparent also among historians of the French Reformation, who endeavored to establish: a) that French Protestantism is autochthonous and organically French, and, b) that the French Reformation came before the German Reformation. Diflering Opinions Among Historians Before 1850, French historians willingly gave Germany credit for the Reformation, as it appeared in the studies of Michelet, who wrote that the "conscience of the times was in Germany" and whose lyrical eulogies of Luther are well known. The same is true of Mignet, Nisard and Merle dJAubig- n6, whose history of the Reformation began to appear in 1835. See a letter by A. Renaudet to L. Febvre, Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Pro-Christian Humor and the Online Carnival Timothy William Fallis University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ScholarlyCommons@Penn University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 1-1-2014 Pro-Christian Humor and the Online Carnival Timothy William Fallis University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Communication Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Fallis, Timothy William, "Pro-Christian Humor and the Online Carnival" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1272. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1272 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1272 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pro-Christian Humor and the Online Carnival Abstract Humor that takes as its comedic object the beliefs, practices, and culture of Christianity has flourished in the digital age via journalistic satire, video sharing, and social network websites. Theory of the comic's use as a moderator between the sacred and the profane provide by Conrad Hyers, and the carnivalesque literary theory of Mikhail Bakhtin, reminds us that humor made at the expense of elements of Christian doctrine and culture can serve to reify and strengthen Christianity in the United States, a conclusion justified by textual analysis of three websites featuring this material. The na alysis supports that an essential rule for successfully blending humor and religion together is to avoid directly leveling the humor at God or at Christianity as a valid religion but rather restricting the ludic treatment to church practices, church culture, and individual behavior. Comments made by readers reveal that a majority approve of the ludic turn, but vehement dissent shows a strong tension between the ludic and the presupposition that religion must remain sacrosanct and solemn.
    [Show full text]
  • Pantagruel and Gargantua
    Pantagruel and Gargantua Pantagruel and Gargantua François Rabelais Translated by Andrew Brown ALMA CLASSICS alma classics an imprint of alma books ltd 3 Castle Yard Richmond Surrey TW10 6TF United Kingdom www.almaclassics.com Pantagruel first published in French in 1532 Gargantua first published in French in 1534 This translation first published by Hesperus Press Ltd in 2003 This revised version first published by Alma Classics in 2018 Translation, Introduction and Notes © Andrew Brown 2003, 2018 Cover design: nathanburtondesign.com Printed in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY isbn: 978-1-84749-740-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other- wise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not be resold, lent, hired out or otherwise circulated without the express prior consent of the publisher. Contents Introduction vii Pantagruel 1 Gargantua 135 Note on the Text 301 Notes 301 Introduction On 3rd August 1546 (his birthday: he was thirty-seven years old), Étienne Dolet, the great Humanist poet, philologist, publisher and translator, having been tortured, was taken out to the Place Maubert in Paris, within sight of Notre-Dame. Here, he was strangled and burnt. Copies of his books accompanied him to the flames. His crime? Greek. More specifically, he had been found guilty of producing and publishing a translation from Plato which attributed to Socrates the heretical words “After death you will be nothing at all (plus rien du tout)”.
    [Show full text]
  • Judaizing and Singularity in England, 1618-1667
    Judaizing and Singularity in England, 1618-1667 Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Aidan Francis Cottrell-Boyce, Gonville and Caius College, June 2018. For Anna. Abstract In the seventeenth century, in England, a remarkable number of small, religious movements began adopting demonstratively Jewish ritual practices. They were labelled by their contemporaries as Judaizers. Typically, this phenomenon has been explained with reference to other tropes of Puritan practical divinity. It has been claimed that Judaizing was a form of Biblicism or a form of millenarianism. In this thesis, I contend that Judaizing was an expression of another aspect of the Puritan experience: the need to be recognized as a ‘singular,’ positively- distinctive, separated minority. Contents Introduction 1 Singularity and Puritanism 57 Judaizing and Singularity 99 ‘A Jewish Faccion’: Anti-legalism, Judaizing and the Traskites 120 Thomas Totney, Judaizing and England’s Exodus 162 The Tillamites, Judaizing and the ‘Gospel Work of Separation’ 201 Conclusion 242 Introduction During the first decades of the seventeenth century in England, a remarkable number of small religious groups began to adopt elements of Jewish ceremonial law. In London, in South Wales, in the Chilterns and the Cotswolds, congregations revived the observation of the Saturday Sabbath.1 Thomas Woolsey, imprisoned for separatism, wrote to his co-religionists in Amsterdam to ‘prove it unlawful to eat blood and things strangled.’2 John Traske and his followers began to celebrate Passover
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Satire and Narrative Ambiguity in the Known World
    Religious Satire and Narrative Ambiguity in The Known World Michael Odom dward P. Jones’s 2004 Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Known EWorld, explores the troubling historical phenomenon of freed blacks owning slaves in antebellum America. Jones takes what is al- ready a sensitive subject and further problematizes it by intermingling fictional and historical records, as well as displacing the chronology of events and character outcomes. This chaos proves calculated for the narrative voice to achieve a disorienting reading experience. Jones commented upon the non-linear structure of the novel in a 2004 in- terview: “It might be that because I, as the ‘god’ of the people in the book, could see their first days and their last days and all that was in between, and those people did not have linear lives as I saw all that they had lived” (4). Here Jones is referring to the literary concept of narrative omniscience, a frequently employed analogy that conceives of the author (and by extension, his narrative persona) as god-like in his knowledge of everything in the fictional world. When encounter- ing what appears to be an omniscient narrator, readers have a tendency to trust the account as both authoritative and reliable. Yet we might pause to consider the relationship between knowledge and morality in an omniscient narrator, and whether these two attributes might con- flict with one another. What if an omniscient narrator endorses slavery as a legitimate social practice? The proleptic narrative voice in The Known World unsettles the reader with ambiguous religious and moral sentiments. Despite blunt parenthetical pronouncements regarding characters’ destinies (suc- cess, death, etc.), random details from the past, and knowledge of in- correct census data caused by simple mathematical errors, the narrator expresses suspect religious views and reports anomalous supernatural occurrences that problematize the concept of narrative omniscience.
    [Show full text]
  • 1978 Compiled by PETER DE KLERK
    CALVIN BIBLIOGRAPHY 1978 compiled by PETER DE KLERK I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES Bartel, Oskar. "Jan Kalwin i kalwinizm w Polsce, na Litwie i w Rosji (do 1917 r.)" Rocznik Teologiczny 14 No. 2 (1972) 5-27. De Klerk, Peter. "Calvin bibliography 1977" Calvin Theological Jour­ nal 12 (1977) 164-187. II. CALVIN'S WORKS A. Works La epístola del apóstol Pablo a los Hebreos. Traducción al Castellano de la versión Inglesa (1853) por Luis Torres y Marquez. Grand Rapids: Subcomisión Literatura Cristiana de la Iglesia Cristiana Re­ formada, 1977. Reprint of 1960 edition. La epístola del apóstol Pablo a los Romanos. Traducción al Castellano de la versión Francesa (1960) por Claudio Gutierrez Marin. Grand Rapids: Subcomisión Literatura Cristiana de la Iglesia Cristiana Re­ formada, 1977. De handelingen der apostelen. Uitgelegd. Opnieuw uit het latijn ver- taald, naar de editie van Baum, Cunits en Reuss door G. Wielenga. Goudriaan: W. A. de Groot, 1977. 2 vol. Reprint of 1899-1900 and 1970 editions. Sermons on the epistle to the Ephesians. Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1975. Reprint of 1973 edition. B. Selected works Aggiornamento o riforma della chiesa? Lettere tra un cardinale e un riformatore del '500. Par Jacopo Sadoleto e Giovanni Calvino. Intro­ duzione e note a cura di Giorgio Tourn. Testi della Riforma, 7. To­ rino: Editrice Claudiana, 1976. A compend of the Institutes of the Christian, religion. Ed. by Hugh Thomson Kerr. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976. Sixth printing. *'De catechismus van Genève" in De belijdenisgeschriften volgens artikel X van de kerkorde van de Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk. Red. van Jan Nicolaas Bakhuizen van den Brink.
    [Show full text]