Transliteration Method in Learning Reading of the Javanese Script
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Section 14.4, Phags-Pa
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Ka И @И Ka M Л @Л Ga Н @Н Ga M М @М Nga О @О Ca П
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3319R L2/07-295R 2007-09-11 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS Source: Michael Everson, SEI (Universal Scripts Project) Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Replaces: N3292 Date: 2007-09-11 1. Introduction. The Javanese script, or aksara Jawa, is used for writing the Javanese language, the native language of one of the peoples of Java, known locally as basa Jawa. It is a descendent of the ancient Brahmi script of India, and so has many similarities with modern scripts of South Asia and Southeast Asia which are also members of that family. The Javanese script is also used for writing Sanskrit, Jawa Kuna (a kind of Sanskritized Javanese), and Kawi, as well as the Sundanese language, also spoken on the island of Java, and the Sasak language, spoken on the island of Lombok. Javanese script was in current use in Java until about 1945; in 1928 Bahasa Indonesia was made the national language of Indonesia and its influence eclipsed that of other languages and their scripts. Traditional Javanese texts are written on palm leaves; books of these bound together are called lontar, a word which derives from ron ‘leaf’ and tal ‘palm’. 2.1. Consonant letters. Consonants have an inherent -a vowel sound. Consonants combine with following consonants in the usual Brahmic fashion: the inherent vowel is “killed” by the PANGKON, and the follow- ing consonant is subjoined or postfixed, often with a change in shape: §£ ndha = § NA + @¿ PANGKON + £ DA-MAHAPRANA; üù n. -
Pos. KE QA GE GA Initial ᠬ ᠭ Medial Final
Proposal to encode two Mongolian letters Badral Sanlig [email protected] Jamiyansuren Togoobat [email protected] Munkh-Uchral Enkhtur [email protected] Bolorsoft LLC, Mongolia 1 Introduction This is a proposal to encode two additional mongolian letters that are most actively used for writing texts in traditional Mongolian writing system. These letters are at the present partially implemented as variant forms of correspond- ingly QA, GA. The first letter is Mongolian KE, which is known as feminine form of QA and second letter is Mongolian GE, which is known as feminine form of GA. Pos. KE QA GE GA ᠬ ᠭ initial medial final - Table 1: Forms of KE(QA) and GE(GA). In current encoding scheme, only final and medial form of GE are encoded and all other forms of GE, KE (such as initial GE, KE, medial KE) can be illustrated only through open type font algorithms. On top of that, those cur- rently encoded forms of GE are only as variant of GA (medial form of GE is second variant by FVS1, whereas final form of GE is fourth variant by FVS3) implemented. QA, KE, GA, GE are most frequently used characters in Mongol script, as most of the heading words are started by these letters, all nominal forms of verb are built by these letters and all long vowels are illustrated by these letters. To back up our argument, we have done the frequency analysis of Mongol script letters in our lexical database, which contains 41808 non-inflected distinct words (lemma), result of our analysis are shown in Table 2. -
Proposal for a Gurmukhi Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
Proposal for a Gurmukhi Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-04-22 Document version: 2.7 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1. General Information/ Overview/ Abstract This document lays down the Label Generation Ruleset for Gurmukhi script. Three main components of the Gurmukhi Script LGR i.e. Code point repertoire, Variants and Whole Label Evaluation Rules have been described in detail here. All these components have been incorporated in a machine-readable format in the accompanying XML file named "proposal-gurmukhi-lgr-22apr19-en.xml". In addition, a document named “gurmukhi-test-labels-22apr19-en.txt” has been provided. It provides a list of labels which can produce variants as laid down in Section 6 of this document and it also provides valid and invalid labels as per the Whole Label Evaluation laid down in Section 7. 2. Script for which the LGR is proposed ISO 15924 Code: Guru ISO 15924 Key N°: 310 ISO 15924 English Name: Gurmukhi Latin transliteration of native script name: gurmukhī Native name of the script: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ Maximal Starting Repertoire [MSR] version: 4 1 3. Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It 3.1. The Evolution of the Script Like most of the North Indian writing systems, the Gurmukhi script is a descendant of the Brahmi script. The Proto-Gurmukhi letters evolved through the Gupta script from 4th to 8th century, followed by the Sharda script from 8th century onwards and finally adapted their archaic form in the Devasesha stage of the later Sharda script, dated between the 10th and 14th centuries. -
Suspicious Identity of U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG
L2/19-003 Suspicious identity of U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG Liang Hai / 梁海 <[email protected]> Aditya Bayu Perdana / <[email protected]> ꦄꦢꦶꦠꦾ ꦧꦪꦸꦥꦢꦤ 4 January 2019 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Ilham Nurwansah and the Script Ad Hoc group for their feedback. Ilham Nurwansah also kindly provided the Sundanese samples (Figure 2, 3, 4, and 5). 2 Background In the original Unicode Javanese proposal L2/08-015R Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS, the character tolong (U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG) was described as a vowel sign that is used exclusively in the Sundanese writing system with three major use cases: 1. Used alone as the vowel sign o 2. As a part of the vowel sign eu: <vowel sign ĕ, tolong> 3. As a part of the letters and conjoined forms of reu/leu: <letter / conjoined form rĕ/lĕ, tolong> Table 1. Sundanese tolong usage according to the original proposal Written form ◌ ◌ꦵ ◌ꦼ ◌ꦼꦵ ◌� ◌�ꦵ A9C0 PANGKON A9BC PEPET Encoding (A9B5 TOLONG) A989 PA CEREK (A9B5 TOLONG) (A9B5 TOLONG) Transcription a o ĕ eu rĕ reu Pronunciation [a] [o] [ə] [ɤ] [rə] [rɤ] See also the note under Table 2. However, tolong appears to be merely a stylistic variant of tarung (U+A9B4 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG), therefore the disunification of tolong from tarung is likely a mistake. 3 Proposal The Unicode Standard needs to recommend how the inappropriately disunified character U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG should be handled. 1 In particular, clarification in the names list and the Core Specification is necessary for explaining the background of the mis-disunification and recommending how both the tarung and tolong forms for both the Javanese and Sundanese languages should be implemented. -
"9-41516)9? "9787:)4 ;7 -6+7,- )=1 16 ;0- & $
L2/20-256 "9-41516)9?"9787:)4;7-6+7,-)=116;0-&$ ᭛᭜᭛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‘6JI=:CI>8’#6L>8DGEJHHJ8=6HI=:BD9:GC"6K6C:H:A6C<J6<:DG I=: !C9DC:H>6C A6C<J6<: H#6L>=6H CDI 7::C :C8D9:9>C I=: -C>8D9: N:I I=: -
Cqmejj · -Uhhrersity
$9uth¢a$t Mia JTogtam -1986-:13.ulletin CQmeJJ · -Uhhrersity ' - SEAP ARCHIVE COPY DO NOT REMOVE This publication has been made possible by the generosity of Robert and Ruth Polson. Southeast Asia Program 1986 Bulletin Cornell University Contents From the Director . 2 Badgley Appointed Curator of the Echols Collection . .. .. .. .. 3 Filming Javanese Manuscript Collections in Surakarta . 4 Microcomputers and the Study of Southeast Asia. .. 6 Celebrating Our Founder's Birthday.............. .... ... 7 Interview with Dr. Hendrik M. J. Maier..................... ... .. 9 Retirements. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I 2 Program Publications . 13 About Program People . 14 Thursday Luncheon Speakers .. .. .. .. I 4 Faculty and Staff Publications. .... ... .. .. .. 14 Lauriston Sharp Prize. 14 Social Science Research Council Fellowships . 15 Resident Faculty . .. .. .. 15 Visiting Faculty .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 Visiting Fellows. 15 Graduate Students in Field Published by the Southeast Asia Program, Research . 15 Cornell University, 1987 Graduate Students in Residence, Edited by Stanley J. O'Connor Spring 1986................ 15 Full-Year Asian Language Designed by Deena Wickstrom Concentration . I 6 Produced by the Office of Publications Services, Advanced Indonesian Abroad Cornell University Program. .... .......... 16 Recent Doctoral Dissertations The photograph of John H. Badgley was taken by Helen Kelley and of Hendrik M. J . Maier, by Margaret Fabrizzio. by SEAP Students........... 16 Recent Dissertations and Cover design after a woodcut of cloves from 1ratado das drogas e Theses on Southeast Asia by medicinas das indias Orientais, by Crist6vao da Costa Other Students at Cornell.. 16 from the Director Dear Friends, year we were fortunate to have Professor Charnvit Kasetsiri, vice rector of Thammasat University, come to Last year I noted that the Southeast Asia Program was teach the Thailand Seminar. -
Design of Javanese Text to Speech Application
Design of Javanese Text to Speech Application Yulia, Liliana, Rudy Adipranata, Gregorius Satia Budhi Informatics Department, Industrial Technology Faculty, Petra Christian University Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Javanese is one of the many regional languages used in Indonesia. Javanese language is used by most of the population in Java. But now along with the development of the era, the use of regional languages including Javanese language is to be re- duced especially among the younger generation. One way to help conserve the use of Javanese language is to utilize information technologies, one of them is by developing a text to speech appli- cation that can be used to find out how the pronunciation of Ja- vanese language. In this paper, we discussed the design for Java- nese text to speech applications uses finite state automata. The design result will be used as rules to separate syllables when im- plementing text to speech application. Index Terms—Javanese language; Finite state automata; Text to speech. Figure 1: Basic Javanese characters I. INTRODUCTION In addition to the basic characters, the Javanese character Javanese language is a language widely spoken by the peo- has supplementary characters, consist of symbols for express- ple of Java. It is one of the regional languages of many region- ing vowels as well as a combination of two specific conso- al languages spoken in Indonesia. As one of the assets of na- nants. This supplementary characters is called sandhangan tional culture, Javanese language needs to be preserved. The and can be seen in Figure 2 [5]. younger generation is now more interested in learning a for- Symbol Example Read eign language, rather than the native Indonesian local lan- guage. -
Ahom Range: 11700–1174F
Ahom Range: 11700–1174F This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
2016 Semi Finalists Medals
2016 US Physics Olympiad Semi Finalists Medal Rankings StudentMedal School City State Abbott, Ryan WHopkinsBronze Medal SchoolNew Haven CT Alton, James SLakesideHonorable Mention High SchoolEvans GA ALUMOOTIL, VARKEY TCanyonHonorable Mention Crest AcademySan Diego CA An, Seung HwanGold Medal Taft SchoolWatertown CT Ashary, Rafay AWilliamHonorable Mention P Clements High SchoolSugar Land TX Balaji, ShreyasSilver Medal John Foster Dulles High SchoolSugar Land TX Bao, MikeGold Medal Cambridge Educational InstituteChino Hills CA Beasley, NicholasGold Medal Stuyvesant High SchoolNew York NY BENABOU, JOSHUA N Gold Medal Plandome NY Bhattacharyya, MoinakSilver Medal Lynbrook High SchoolSan Jose CA Bhattaram, Krishnakumar SLynbrookBronze Medal High SchoolSan Jose CA Bhimnathwala, Tarung SBronze Medal Manalapan High SchoolManalapan NJ Boopathy, AkhilanGold Medal Lakeside Upper SchoolSeattle WA Cao, AntonSilver Medal Evergreen Valley High SchoolSan Jose CA Cen, Edward DBellaireHonorable Mention High SchoolBellaire TX Chadraa, Dalai BRedmondHonorable Mention High SchoolRedmond WA Chakrabarti, DarshanBronze Medal Northside College Preparatory HSChicago IL Chan, Clive ALexingtonSilver Medal High SchoolLexington MA Chang, Kevin YBellarmineSilver Medal Coll PrepSan Jose CA Cheerla, NikhilBronze Medal Monta Vista High SchoolSan Jose CA Chen, AlexanderSilver Medal Princeton High SchoolPrinceton NJ Chen, Andrew LMissionSilver Medal San Jose High SchoolFremont CA Chen, Benjamin YArdentSilver Medal Academy for Gifted YouthIrvine CA Chen, Bryan XMontaHonorable -
The Word Formation of Panyandra in Javanese Wedding
The Word Formation of Panyandra in Javanese Wedding Rahutami Rahutami and Ari Wibowo Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra, Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, Jl. S. Supriyadi 48 Malang 65148, Indonesia [email protected] Keywords: Popular forms, literary forms, panyandra. Abstract: This study aims to describe the form of speech in the Javanese wedding ceremony. For this purpose, a descriptive kualitatif methode with 'direct element' analysis of the word panyandra is used. The results show that there are popular forms of words and literary words. Vocabulary can be invented form and a basic form. The popular form is meant to explain to the listener, while the literary form serves to create the atmosphere the sacredness of Javanese culture. The sacredness was built with the use of the Old Javanese affixes. Panyandra in Malang shows differences with panyandra used in other areas, especially Surakarta and Jogjakarta style. 1 INTRODUCTION The panyadra are the words used in various Javanese cultural events. These words serve to describe events by using a form that has similarities Every nation has a unique culture. Each ethnic has a ritual in life, for example in a wedding ceremony or parallels (pepindhan). Panyandra can be distinguished by cultural events, such as birth, death, (Rohman & Ismail, 2013; Safarova, 2014). A or marriage. These terms adopt many of the ancient wedding ceremony is a sacred event that has an important function in the life of the community, and Javanese vocabulary and Sanskrit words. It is intended to give a formal, religious, and artistic each wedding procession shows a way of thinking impression. -
1 PASANGAN DAN SANDHANGAN DALAM AKSARA JAWA Oleh
PASANGAN DAN SANDHANGAN DALAM AKSARA JAWA1 oleh: Sri Hertanti Wulan [email protected] Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah FBS UNY Aksara nglegena yang digunakan dalam ejaan bahasa Jawa pada dasarnya terdiri atas dua puluh aksara yang bersifat silabik Darusuprapta (2002: 12-13). Masing-masing aksara mempunyai aksara pasangan, yakni aksara yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan suku kata mati/tertutup dengan suku kata berikutnya, kecuali suku kata yang tertutup dengan wignyan (.. ), layar (....), dan cecak (....). Pasangan – pasangan tersebut antara lain: a) Aksara pasangan wutuh, ditulis di bawah aksara yang diberi pasangan dan tidak disambung, yaitu antara lain: Tabel 1 Pasangan Wutuh pasangan Wujud Contoh Ra … dalan ramé= Ya … tumbas yuyu = Ga … dalan gĕdhé = .… dolan ngomah = nga b) Aksara pasangan tugelan ditulis di belakang aksara yang diberi pasangan dan tidak disambungkan dengan aksara yang diberi pasangan, yaitu antara lain: 1Disampaikan dalam PPM PelatihanAksaraJawadan PendirianHanacaraka Centre sebagaiRevitalisasiFungsiAksaraJawa kerjasama FBS UNY dan Dinas Dikpora DIY. Dilaksanakan di Dikpora DIY, Senin 28 Oktober 2013. 1 Tabel 2.1 Pasangan Tugelan pasangan Wujud Contoh ha … adhĕm hawané = pa … bakul pĕlĕm = sa … dalan sĕpi = c) Aksara pasangan tugelan ditulis di bawah aksara yang diberi pasangan dan tidak disambungkan dengan aksara yang diberi pasangan, yaitu antara lain: Tabel 2.2 Pasangan Tugelan pasangan Wujud Contoh kilèn kalen= ka … wis takon = ta … tas larang = la … Pasangan – pasangan tersebut, bila mendapatkan sandhangan