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The Word Formation of Panyandra in Javanese Wedding

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The Word Formation of Panyandra in Javanese Wedding Rahutami Rahutami and Ari Wibowo Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra, Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, Jl. S. Supriyadi 48 Malang 65148, Indonesia [email protected] Keywords: Popular forms, literary forms, panyandra. Abstract: This study aims to describe the form of speech in the Javanese wedding ceremony. For this purpose, a descriptive kualitatif methode with 'direct element' analysis of the word panyandra is used. The results show that there are popular forms of words and literary words. Vocabulary can be invented form and a basic form. The popular form is meant to explain to the listener, while the literary form serves to create the atmosphere the sacredness of Javanese culture. The sacredness was built with the use of the Old Javanese affixes. Panyandra in Malang shows differences with panyandra used in other areas, especially Surakarta and Jogjakarta style. 1 INTRODUCTION The panyadra are the words used in various Javanese cultural events. These words serve to describe events by using a form that has similarities Every nation has a unique culture. Each ethnic has a ritual in life, for example in a wedding ceremony or parallels (pepindhan). Panyandra can be distinguished by cultural events, such as birth, death, (Rohman & Ismail, 2013; Safarova, 2014). A or marriage. These terms adopt many of the ancient wedding ceremony is a sacred event that has an important function in the life of the community, and Javanese vocabulary and Sanskrit words. It is intended to give a formal, religious, and artistic each wedding procession shows a way of thinking impression. and trust in the local community (Herman, 2016). A number of studies that investigate wedding Li (2016) states that the use of words can transcend linguistic boundaries. As there are few ceremonoies have been done by some scholars, such studies that closely examined panyandra words in as a study of Shida (1999) on traditional wedding rituals in Japan. Salbang and Maslang (2010) also wedding ceremonies, this study is aimed at exploring the use of the word panyandra at the wedding traced the socio-cultural transformation of the ceremony in East Java as a varian panyandra. This marriage practices from the late 1920s to the present and explored the advantages and disadvantages of the study can document various forms of panyandra as cultural documents, so that it can open insights on marriage practices in terms of the socio-cultural, various cultural studies in the world. economic and political aspects. Lewis (1998) examines the role of wedding photography structures and professionals in wedding process rituals in middle-class American society, and Rudianto (2013) 2 METHOD examined the style of Javanese language in the stage ceremony in the marriage of Java version of This research uses a descriptive method with “direct Surakarta. element” analysis that is intended to describe the For Javanese ethnic wedding ceremony, wedding results of data analysis, namely the form and forming version of Surakarta and Yogyakarta is used as a elements of panyandra words. Data were collected reference. However, each region presents a unique through the recording of the "panggil" ceremony at variation that is different from its central style. One the marriage of community members in South important element in Javanese marriage is Malang. The “panggih” ceremony was the sacreds panyandra. Panyandra is the terms used to describe moment is when the bride and groom are brought the events and the meaning of bridal encounters. together by a "dukun" (wedding chair). Furthermore, the data are transcribed to the written data and 100 Rahutami, R. and Wibowo, A. The Word Formation of Panyandra in Javanese Wedding. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018) - Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, pages 100-103 ISBN: 978-989-758-343-8 Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved The Word Formation of Panyandra in Javanese Wedding analyzed the panyandra-forming words. The results state the of the analysis are verified by matching the results of plural the analysis with interview techniques to dukun {-in-} - manten (the person who pronounces marriage), ethnic Shows the community chiefs, and community leaders. completed Infix {-um-} - activity {-el- - 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 above shows the use of affixation, either a prefix or a suffix. In general, the affix function is to The results of the analysis of the data found that beautify the language used in the Javanese wedding panyandra in marriage in East Java can be divided into two forms – the word invented and the word base. ceremony. Here is an example of using affixes on the The word involves the process and sound changes. word panyandra. The affirmation of panyandra includes the process of Excerpt (1) Alungguh senajan to hanamung sak prefixation and infixation. Here's an explanation of kedeping netro sedina each form. umpamane… ‘Duduk meskipun hanya sekejap mata, sehari saja misalnya......’ 3.1 Affixation Alungguh is indeed a compound word {a + lungguh}. The word lungguh is a popular and classy Affixes in panyandra use a different form of everyday word of “ngoko” (classy rough). However, when the language. Affix forms take from Old Javanese words sound element is added {a-} it becomes a form of or Sanskrit language. The use of the language is higher taste value. Similarly the word hanamung is meant to create an impression of artistic and magical derived from the alomorf {ha} + {naming}. The word impression. The word affixes of panyandra include namung is also popular and classy kromo (finer). The prefixation and infixation. This result is different addition of {ha-} to form the word is more specific from Rudianto's (2013) finding that affixes to and more subtle impression. The addition of {a-} and panyandra in Surakarta version marriage are also {ha-} does not change the meaning of its basic form, marked with suffix {-ira}. Here are the prefixes and but it changes the value of the word sense to be more infixes that make up the word panyandra. subtle and special. The prefix {a + N} is not only a direct merger, but Table 1: Affixation Panyandra Word. also produces a morphophonemic process when it joins the basic form beginning with the nasal sounds Affixation Function of Javanese, i.e., {m, n, ň, ŋ}. The following quote Affix Morfem Allomorph shows it. a{L} - Excerpt (2) ….anggraita lelakune anggayuh cause effects of ha{L} - marang sawiji niti kahutaman sound beauty marang garwane Retno {pra} - Sriyanti…….. Declare the ‘……seimbang gagasan tindakan activities that have {ka} - meraih menuju kebaikan bersama been done istrinya Retno Sriyanti….’ a+ cause- Anggayuh is a special word (literature) which is effect of a{m+} only used in literary variety as in the speech beauty of a{N a{n+} panyandra bride. Anggayuh is formed from the prefix Prefix sound +} a{ng+} {a} + {gayuh}. {a + N} and the 'grab' scratch form a 'reaching' verb. The initial sound of the basic form /N+/ form a a{ny+} verb which is the sound of the dorso velar causes an allomorph {aŋ} to occur. This allomorph serves to ha+ cause- form verbs. In other words, the nasal functions to effect of ha{n+} ha {N+} form a verb nggayuh word, while {a-} has no special sound beauty ha{ng+} meaning so that the existence of this prefix has no /N+/ form a ha{ny+} effect on the meaning of the word. Affix {a-} serves verb to give an exotic impression on the word. {pa+} This also applies to affix {ha-}. Unlike affix {a + state the place {pa} {pe+} N}, affix {ha-} only raises the allomorph {n, ň, ŋ}. 101 ANCOSH 2018 - Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities An example of using this affix can be seen in the of people. While {pundhi} which develops into following quotation. {pundhen} means high value so it is respected. Excerpt (3) Wus hanyaketi saking madyaning Like prefixes, infix is also meant to give rise to para pepundhi awerda krama formal, aesthetic, and sacred aspects. The form of ingkang samya pideksa imbang infix in panyandra used in East Java is slightly inggih punika hangamping different from Rudianto's study (2013). At the dhumateng wahyaning temanten Surakarta wedding ceremony, there are infix {-in} kekalih. and {-um} only. Meanwhile, in East Java found the ‘Sudah mendekati diantara orang- use of infix {-el} on the formation of the word orang yang dituakan sudah dewasa panyandran. berumahtangga yang setara yaitu The use of {-el-} infix can be seen in the yang mengiringi keluarnya following quotation. pengantin berdua’ Excerpt (6) Rawe-rewe rantas malang malang In excerpt (3) there are two embodiments of the putung saha sapa ingkang bakal combined {ha + N}, hanyaketi and hangamping. The gendhon-rukon lelakon, angrukti word hanyaketi is a combination of {ha + N} and sedaya ingkang dadi lelakune sri {caket} raises allomorph {haň), while {ha + N} and penganten gathi. {amping} produces an allomorph {haŋ}. The ‘Semua halangan dan rintangan meaning of the caket is 'close' that is classy adjective, yang menghadang dapat and the meaning of meaningful amphit means a classy dihilangkan dan siapa yang akan verb. Both words are changed to become categorized menjalani kehidupan rumah tangga verbs. It can be said that {N} turns the adjective into dengan rukun disiapkan semua a verb. Affix {ha-} works to increase the value of the yang menjadi perjalanan hidup sense of the word it creates. pengantin berdua.’ The next affix is {pa-} which can be {pa-} and Lelakon and lelakune are words that are often {pe-}. {pa-} functions to form the noun word place. encountered in everyday use in the Java community.
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