International Conference on Education 2019 Volume 2 (2019) ISSN 2655-0687 Transliteration Method In Learning Reading Of The Javanese Script Biya Ebi Praheto* Felix Baskara Bhakti Utomo Primary School Teacher Education Department Primary School Teacher Education Department Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta-Indonesia Yogyakarta-Indonesia Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] *Corresponding Author Abstract: Primary Scool Teacher Education Study Education Study Program integrated with Program is a study program that prepares students to Javanese language skills courses. The time become elementary school teacher candidates, including the Primary Scool Teacher Education portion for learning to read Javanese script Study Program of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa is very limited, considering that there are so University located in Yogyakarta. One subject that many competencies that students must be emerged is Javanese language skills with Javanese mastered in their study program. They only script reading materials. However, Javanese script get Javanese script learning materials in reading material is one of the most difficult material. It is because the students must be able to distinguish two or three meetings. Even though, in letters and understand Javanese script. Therefore, mastering Javanese script competence the appropriate method is needed to help students requires long learning process. It caused memorize the Javanese script. The method is using that the student not only has to memorize the transliteration method. The transliteration the Javanese script including nglegena method applied by inviting students to transform Latin letters into Javanese letters. That method aims script, Javanese numerals, swara script, to make students easily memorize the shape of murda script, sandhangan, pasangan, etc., Javanese script. By this method, it is expected that but also the students must master the the reading skills of Javanese script will increase. writing rules. The situation on the field research shows that Javanese script Keyword: Translation Method, Reading, Javanese Script, Translation, Student learning in university cannot run optimally so that the mastery of students' literacy and 1. Introduction literacy competence in students is also The Javanese categorized as the limited. advanced tribes in civilization because they The student difficulties in learning have been recognized as the script. Javanese script is caused by external and Javanese are estimated to have written internal factors. External factors emerge tradition since 700 AD [1]. This written from teachers who are inappropriate in tradition is increasingly develop, and choosing the learning methods applied in finally produces Javanese script which is Javanese script learning. Meanwhile, the now known as carakan. As the other tribal internal factors that cause difficulties in scripts, the existence of Javanese scripts reading Javanese script emerged from has increasingly been displaced, it gathers students, namely the lack of desire and with the reduced of using Javanese motivation to be able to recognize and learn language as a Communications media. Javanese script. So far, the Javanese script Learning to read Javanese script in learning has been monotonous, namely students at Primary Scool Teacher focusing on the vowels only, ha na ca ra PGSD Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa 2019 Copyright © 2019 32 ka, da ta sa wa la, pa dha ja ya nya, ma ga reading codes made by the author. Reading ba tha nga like teaching the Javanese script activities are the second receptive language from the initial page until to the end pages activity after listening. The relationship without any strategy. That method causes between the speaker (writer) and the students only to memorize the vowel, but recipient (reader) is indirect. This they do not know the form of the script. relationship is through the writing symbol The third factor arises from Javanese script [4]. material. There are too many similar forms Reading is receptive because by of Javanese script, making it difficult for reading someone can obtain information, students to learn and distinguish the script. knowledge, and new experiences. By Defining the causes and problems of reading, a person can increase their learning Javanese script, it is necessary to thinking power, sharpen views and broaden take strategic steps to solve that problem. their knowledge. The Javanese script which One of the strategies in learning to read used in the spelling of the Javanese Javanese script is to apply the language consists of twenty main transliteration method in learning. The characters that are syllabic [5]. Each transliteration method is a method of principal script has their own paired script changing text from one writing to another, that has function to connect a consonant or it can be called letter transfer, for syllable to the next syllable, except example from Javanese letters to Latin syllables that are covered in wigyan, layar, letters, from Sundanese letters to Latin and cecak. letters, and so on. In this research a Generally, the main script is called transliteration method will be applied to the the Javanese script nglegena. Besides, the texts in Javanese language magazines then, main characters, there are many other it compiled into Javanese text. Therefore, it scripts, such as 1) Murda script, which can is expected that by applying the be used to write title and self-names, transliteration method, students will be able geographic names, the names of to memorize Javanese scripts easily so that government institutions, and legal that method can support in mastering the institutions, but murda script doesn’t apply reading skills of Javanese script. to close syllables. Murda script consists of seven, namely: na, ka, ta, sa, pa, ga, ba. 2) 2. Literature Review Voice script is the script is used to write 2.1. Reading Javanese Script vowels that are syllables, especially those Essentially, reading is something from foreign languages, to clarify complicated that involves many things, not pronunciation. Voice script cannot be used only reciting writing, but also involves as a couple's script so that the sigegan visual, thinking psycholinguistic, and script which located in front of them must metacognitive activities. The process of be switched off with a pangkon. The voice translating written symbols (letters) into characters can be given sandhangan spoken words is called as a visual process wignyan, layar and cecak. Five characters of reading. As a thought process, reading are: a, e, i, o, and u. 3) Rekan scripts, rekan includes some activities such as word script consist of five script, namely: kha, recognition activities, literal understanding, dza, fa / va, za, gha. Rekan script is used to interpretation, critical reading, and creative write consonant script in foreign words that understanding. Word recognition can be are still preserved as the original word. understood as reading words using a Aksara script which needs a pasangan, can dictionary [2]. Teeuw [3] says that reading be given a pasangan, and it can be given is the process of giving meaning to a sandhangan [6]. Bond in Abdurrahman [7] particular text, which we choose, or that is states that reading is an introduction to forced upon us. That activity relates to the written language symbols which stimulate PGSD Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa 2019 Copyright © 2019 33 the process of remembering what is read, to writing, letter by letter from one alphabet to build an understanding through the another alphabet. There is the term for experience that has been owned. Diplomatic Transliteration that every Based on some previous reading literary form and visualization of the text definition, it can be said that what is meant for that transliterated text must be by Javanese script reading skills is a skill or represented in the results of transliteration, ability to recognize symbols (Javanese and to maintain the visualization of the script) which have written both in terms of form of the text, transliteration guidelines form and sound. Then it used as a stimulus are made. 2) orthographic method to help the process of remembering and transliteration or critical transliteration, also building-related understanding of what is called standard transliteration, that is, the read according to the level of education. replacement of letter-by-letter writing from This model is caused by the teaching of one alphabet to another alphabet, in this Javanese script in schools is a tiered case from Javanese to Latin letters adjusted material from the lowest level, namely to Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System grade 3 elementary schools until high (EYD). school level. 3. Discussion 2.2. Transliteration Method Javanese language learning is Onions in Darusuprapta [8] states that different from general language learning. transliteration is an edit that is presented That difference appears because of learning with other types of writing. Inline that Javanese. There is Javanese script that must statement, Baried [9] argues that be mastered by students. The one transliteration is the replacement types of Elementary Education Study Program, writing, letter by letter from one alphabet to especially in the Special Region of another alphabet. Besides, transliteration in Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java, the Glossary of Philosophy Terms [10], is used the Javanese language as one of their defined as changing the text