Allobates Femoralis

istributio Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobatidae,

D Venezuela (Boulenger, 1884): First confirmed country records, raphic g César L. Barrio-Amorós and Juan Carlos Santos 2 eo 1* G

n o

1 Fundación Andígena, [email protected] postal 210, 5101-A. Mérida, Venezuela. otes 2 University of Texas at Austin, Integrative Biology. 1 University Station C0930. Austin, TX 78705, USA. N * Corresponding author E-mail:

Abstract: Allobates femoralis analized advertisement calls taken at two Venezuelan localities. The presence of the dendrobatid frog in Venezuela is herein confirmed though recorded and

Allobates femoralis is a common dendrobatid frog widely distributed throughout the Amazon and Guianas in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, series of four notes at Las Claritas is 0.52 sec; the dominant Suriname and Guyana (Lötters et al. frequency is at 2954 Hz and the fundamental frequency is error, based on KU (Natural History 2007). Museum, The firstUniversity report of this species from Venezuela (Duellman 1997) was in was later recognized as Ameerega guayanensis (Barrio- Amorósof Kansas, 2004). Lawrence, Ameerega Kansas, guayUSA)anensis 167335. was This describedspecimen

2004).for populations Today however, of eastern this Venezuelataxon validity and is some questionable authors considered it as valid (Schulte 1999; Barrio-Amorós

A. (J.C. (pict Santosa) guayanensis unpublished because data). itSince is the no valid nomenclatural available act was yet performed, we herein use the combinationAllobates femoralis was removed from the Venezuelan checklist name for those populations. As a consequence, Lötters et al. (2007) considered its distribution to include of amphibians (Barrio-Amorós 2004; 2009). However, inVenezuela, July 2007, although while not searching based on for empirical dendrobatid data. frogs at El Palmar,During field Sierra work de by Imataca, the authors Estado in eastern Bolívar Venezuela (8°20’ N, call that was recognized as that of A. femoralis (Figure 61°40’ W, 185 m elevation), we heard and recorded a

1A). Due to the lack of time, we could not stay much time inlooking Venezuela. for specimens, Similar calls and weretherefore, also weregistered only provide by CLBA the advertisement call as a proof of the presence of the species at Las Claritas, Estado Bolivar (6°15’ N, 61°00’ W, 195 m elevation)The Allobates in November femoralis 2006, advertisement where a call call(Figure is one 1B) of was the mostrecorded studied but theanuran specimen vocalizations was not (Amézquita seen nor collected. et al. et al. et al. et al. et al. 2008). 2005; The Figure 1. Advertisement call (above oscillogram, below sonogram) of Allobates femoralis from (A) Las Claritas, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, 2006, 2009; Göd 2007; Hödl 2004; Narins recorded at 26 °C and (B) Imataca, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, recorded with2003; ascending Lescure andfrequency Marty modulation.2000; Simões The duration of one at 28 °C. call is a trill composed of three or four whistle-like notes

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Literature Cited

male Epipedobates femoralis at 2637 Hz (Figure 1A). The call from Imataca is 0.54 sec the Amézquita, A., L. Castellanos and W. Hödl. 2005. Auditory matchingAnimal of withfour notes calls fromseries, other the dominant localities frequency through its is atdistribution 2853 Hz and in Behavior (Anura: Dendrobatidae) under field the fundamental is at 2756 Hz (Fig 1B). This is consistent conditions: the role of spectral and termporal call features. Colombia, Brazil, French Guiana and Ecuador (Amézquita Araújo. 2006. 70: 1377-1386. Masking interference and the evolution of the acoustic et al. Allobates femoralis as Amézquita,communication A., W. Hödl, system A.P. inLima, the AmazonianL. Castellanos, dendrobatid L. Erdtmann frog Allobatesand M.C. femoralis. Evolution 2006). We therefore consider in two eastern Venezuelan localities, Imataca and Las 60: 1874-1887. Claritaspart of the(Figure Venezuelan 2). At both batrachofauna, localities, A. occurring femoralis at occurs least Amézquita, A., A.P. Lima, R. Jehle, L. Castellanos, O. Ramos, A.J. Crawford, Ameerega (picta) guayanensis, and at frogH. Gasser Allobates and W.femoralis Hödl. 2009.. Biological Calls, colours,Journal shape,of the Linnean and genes: Society a multi- trait approach to the study of geographic variation in the Amazonian A. trivittata. 98: sympatrically with 826-838. Revista Ecología Latino Imataca is also sympatric with Barrio-Amorós,Americana C.L. 2004. Amphibians of Venezuela, Systematic list, Distribution and References; an Update. In 9: 1-48. Anfibios de Venezuela; Estado Barrio-Amorós.del conocimiento C.L. 2009. y recomendaciones Riqueza y Endemismo; para su conservaciónp. 25-39 : Molina,. C., J.C. Señaris, M. Lampo and A. Rial. (ed.). Caracas: Ediciones Grupo TEI. Scientific Papers Duellman,Natural W.E. History 1997. Museum Amphibians University of La Kansas Escalera Region, Southeastern Venezuela: Taxonomy, Ecology and Biogeography. 2: 1-52. Göd,male M., A. Allobates Franz and femoralis W. Hödl. 2007. The inﬂuenceAmphibia-Reptilia of internote-interval variation of the advertisement call on the phonotactic behaviour in (Dendrobatidae). 28: 227-234. Hödl, W., A. AmézquitaEpipedobates and P.M. Narins. femoralis 2004. The role of call Journalfrequency of Comparativeand the auditory Physiology papillae in phonotactic behavior in male dart- poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). National d’Histoire Naturelle.190: 823-829. Patrimoines Naturels Lescure, J. and C. Marty. 2000. Atlas des Amphibiens de Guyane.Poison Muséum Frogs, Biology, Species & Captive Husbandry 45: 1-388. Lötters, S., K.H. Jungfer, F.W. Henkel and W. Schmidt. 2007. . Frankfurt am Main: Edition Chimaira and Serpents Tale. 668 p. Epipedobates femoralis. Narins,Proceedings P.M., W. Hödl of the and National D.S. Grabul. Academy 2003. of Sciences Bimodal signal requisite for agonistic behavior in a dart-poison frog, Figure 2. Allobates femoralis in Venezuela, based on 100: 577-580.Allobates Simões,femoralis P.I., A.P. Lima, W.E. Magnusson, W. Hödl and A. Amézquita. 2008. Las Claritas,Distribution Estado Bolívar, of Venezuela. Acoustic and morphologicalBiotropica differentiation in the frog recorded calls. 1: Reserva Forestal Imataca, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. 2: : Relationships with the upper Madeira River and other potential geological barriers. , 40: 607-614. Acknowledgments: CLBA is grateful to C. Brewer-Carías, A. Highton and A. Morán, with whom he made herpetofaunal observations at Las Claritas. JCS gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the National Science Foundation (grants EF-0334952 to David Cannatella, DDIG DEB- Received: January 2010 0710033 to JCS) under IACUC protocol 05111001. JCS was also supported Revised: March 2010 article.by the University of Texas EEB Graduate Research Fellowships. We are Accepted: March 2010 also grateful to three anonymous reviewers who improved notably the Published online: April 2010 Editorial responsibility: Victor G. Dill Orrico

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