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EVIDENCIALIDAD INDIRECTA EN AIMARA Y EN EL ESPAÑOL DE LA PAZ Un Estudio Semántico-Pragmático De Textos Orales

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EVIDENCIALIDAD INDIRECTA EN AIMARA Y EN EL ESPAÑOL DE LA PAZ Un Estudio Semántico-Pragmático De Textos Orales ! "#$%&"'"()&& *(+ ,+ -"&,) . / + )) 0 12, 3) ! + 1 4 2, 3 %&"5 %&"6)/ 78! 92 :)%&"%3+ ; < =8 9 >0+ 0 + / / + 1 = + + + /). 2"%5?@3 5? 2"' +7"?#53 / ). (( / "5 2)"A "65/ 3+/"A 2)5#%56/ 3) . : ) ! + / ). )< 1 > @2"A??3 @2%&&53 ). / + )) + ) + / / )./ ), + + / / / : // ) . + @ + + / ). / / +/ / / / ) ! + / / ). : : ). / // + ) %&"' 7BB) )B CD7 777 "5%%5& <,EA'?A"'#5A'A"( <,EA'?A"'#5A'A%& ! " # +"&#A" EVIDENCIALIDAD INDIRECTA EN AIMARA Y EN EL ESPAÑOL DE LA PAZ Un estudio semántico-pragmático de textos orales. Geraldine Quartararo Evidencialidad indirecta en aimara y en el español de La Paz Un estudio semántico-pragmático de textos orales Geraldine Quartararo ©Geraldine Quartararo, Stockholm University 2017 ISBN print 978-91-7649-791-3 ISBN PDF 978-91-7649-792-0 Ilustración de portada: ©Geraldine Quartararo y Mary Almgren, Danza en los Andes. Óleo sobre lienzo, 40 x 40 cm. Impreso en Suecia por US-AB, Estocolmo 2017 Distribuidor: Department of Romance Studies and Classics Cuando abra la puerta y me asome a la escalera, sabré que abajo empieza la calle; no el molde ya aceptado, no las casas ya sabidas, no el hotel de enfren- te: la calle, la viva floresta donde cada instante puede arrojarse sobre mí como una magnolia, donde las caras van a nacer cuando las mire, cuando avance un poco más. Julio Cortázar, Historia de cronopios y de famas, 1962 Esta tesis ha sido realizada en el marco de la Escuela de doctorado en lin- güística (Forskarskolan i språkvetenskap - FoSprak) de la Universidad de Estocolmo. Índice Índice de los cuadros ................................................................................ XI Índice de las figuras ................................................................................ XIII Abreviaturas .............................................................................................. XV Agradecimientos ...................................................................................... XIX 1 Introducción ............................................................................................ 23 PARTE I ACERCAMIENTO TEÓRICO Y METODOLÓGICO 2 Presupuestos teóricos para el estudio de la evidencialidad .......... 29 2.1 Definiciones y clasificaciones existentes de los sistemas evidenciales ........ 29 2.2 Expresión y gramaticalización de las formas evidenciales ............................. 35 2.3 La relación entre evidencialidad, modalidad y posición epistémica ............. 39 2.4 Herramientas teóricas para el análisis pragmático de los evidenciales ....... 45 2.5 Evidenciales y otros aspectos lingüísticos ......................................................... 49 2.5.1 Evidenciales y oraciones interrogativas ................................................ 49 2.5.2 Evidencialidad y admiratividad ............................................................... 51 2.6 Recapitulación ........................................................................................................ 52 3 Método y materiales .............................................................................. 53 3.1 Método de análisis y organización ...................................................................... 53 3.2 Método de recolección .......................................................................................... 57 3.3 Materiales para la elicitación ............................................................................... 58 3.3.1 Family Problems Picture Task ................................................................. 58 3.3.2 The Pear Story ........................................................................................... 63 3.3.3 Relatos misceláneos ................................................................................. 63 3.4 El corpus .................................................................................................................. 64 3.4.1 Corpus del aimara ..................................................................................... 64 3.4.2 Corpus del español de La Paz ................................................................. 67 3.5 Recapitulación ........................................................................................................ 69 4 El aimara .................................................................................................. 71 4.1 La familia lingüística aimara ................................................................................ 72 VII Índice 4.2 Anotaciones preliminares ..................................................................................... 73 4.3 Concordancia verbal .............................................................................................. 76 4.4 TAM .......................................................................................................................... 79 4.4.1 Tiempo ........................................................................................................ 79 4.4.2 Aspecto ....................................................................................................... 82 4.4.3 Modo y modalidad ..................................................................................... 84 4.5 Evidencialidad ......................................................................................................... 86 4.6 Los tipos de oraciones y los sufijos sintagmáticos .......................................... 91 4.7 Recapitulación ........................................................................................................ 98 5 El español de La Paz y la evidencialidad en español ...................... 99 5.1 Evidencialidad en español .................................................................................... 99 5.2 Español andino ..................................................................................................... 101 5.3 Español boliviano ................................................................................................. 105 5.4 Español de La Paz ................................................................................................ 107 5.5 Recapitulación ...................................................................................................... 110 PARTE II EVIDENCIALIDAD EN AIMARA 6 Usos evidenciales y epistémicos del verbo sa- ............................. 113 6.1 Estado de la cuestión .......................................................................................... 113 6.2 Consideraciones preliminares al análisis ......................................................... 115 6.3 Funciones de si ..................................................................................................... 116 6.3.1 Funciones evidenciales ........................................................................... 117 6.3.2 Usos verbales y función de estructura de cita ................................... 120 6.4 Funciones de sapxi .............................................................................................. 121 6.4.1 Funciones evidenciales ........................................................................... 122 6.4.2 Usos verbales y de estructura de cita ................................................. 123 6.5 Funciones de sasa y sasina ................................................................................ 124 6.6 Funciones de sañani ............................................................................................ 127 6.6.1 Uso verbal y función metadiscursiva ................................................... 128 6.6.2 Funciones epistémico-evidenciales ...................................................... 130 6.7 Estatutos de participación del hablante y eventos comunicativos de las formas referidas .......................................................................................................... 132 6.8 Recapitulación ...................................................................................................... 132 7 Usos epistémicos del pasado no-experimentado (PNoE) ............ 135 7.1 Estado de la cuestión .......................................................................................... 135 7.2 Consideraciones preliminares al análisis ......................................................... 136 7.3 Funciones epistémico-evidenciales del PNoE .................................................. 137 7.3.1 Función evidencial referida .................................................................... 138 7.3.2 Función evidencial inferencial ............................................................... 142 7.3.3 Usos con la primera persona ................................................................. 143 7.3.4 Otros usos ................................................................................................ 144 7.4 Funciones temporales y narrativas del PNoE .................................................. 146 VIII Índice 7.5 Estatutos de participación del hablante y eventos comunicativos .............. 150 7.6 Recapitulación .....................................................................................................
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