Zlato i srebro srednjeg vijekau Arheološkom muzeju istre Medieval gold and

silverin the archaeological museum of

Uvodna riječ ravnateljâ Foreword by the Directors Izložbenim projektom ZLATO I SREBRO SREDNJEG VIJEKA... — izložba Zlato i srebro The aim of the exhibition project entitled MEDIEVAL GOLD AND SILVER... – of which the srednjeg vijeka u Arheološkom muzeju Istre samo je jednim njegovim dijelom — željelo se exhibition Medieval Gold and Silver in the Archeological Museum of Istria is only a single široj javnosti predstaviti, prikazati i protumačiti odabrane predmete hrvatske kulturno-po- component – is to present to, and also interpret for, the broader public select items from vijesne baštine pohranjene u srednjovjekovnim zbirkama hrvatskih arheoloških muzeja. the Croatian cultural/historical heritage stored in the medieval collections of Croatiaʼs U središtu tog bogatog, često neobičnog ali ipak jasno stratificiranog kolopleta kulturne archaeological museums. The focus of this rich, often unusual but still clearly stratified povijesti imali su se naći i na jednom mjestu biti prikupljeni raznovrsni arheološki predmeti kaleidoscope of cultural history had to be the various archaeological artefacts made of izrađeni od plemenitih metala koji svojom zanimljivošću i kulturno povijesnom vrijednošću precious metals, as their attractiveness and cultural – historical value reflect, convey and oslikavaju, govore i opisuju različita srednjovjekovna razdoblja koja započinju vremenom illustrate different medieval periods that began in the time before the arrival of the Croats koje predhodi odlasku Hrvata iz njihove zakarpatske pradomovine, a završava doseljava- from their ancient homeland in the Carpathians, and ended with their settlement in our njem u njihove i naše nove srednjoeuropske i istočnomediteranske prostore. U toj novoj new central European and Adriatic territory. In their new homeland, the Croats came domovini Hrvati su zatekli i prihvatili štošta, što je u prostornoj i vremenskoj interakciji upon and accepted many things, which in interaction over space and time created a new, stvorilo novu, baštinski i kulturološki oplemenjenu vrijednost ostavivši iza sebe neizbrisiv enriched cultural legacy that has left an indelible mark on the monuments of history and trag na spomenicima povijesti i stvaralaštva kojeg smo s vremenom imenovali hrvatskim. creativity that we came to call Croatian. The archaeological heritage, more than any other, Arheološka baština, više nego ikoja druga baštinska skupina, oslikava svu tu dijelom vidlji- reflects this partially visible, partially concealed and often entirely hidden historical and vu, dijelom prikrivenu a često i posve sakrivenu povijesnu i materijalnu stvarnost u kojoj je physical reality which emerged, developed and finally forged the Croatian cultural identity. nastajao, razvijao se i u konačnici oblikovao hrvatski kulturni identitet. Prompted by this knowledge and insight, a handful of experts from the leading archaeo- Na tragu ovih spoznaja i saznanja nekolicina stručnjaka vodećih arheoloških muzeja Re- logical museums in the Republic of devised and then, in Zadar, at the end of 2011, publike Hrvatske zamislila je i u Zadru krajem 2011. godine dogovorila zajednički izložbeni formulated a joint exhibition project which, as initially conceived, had to be organized and projekt koji je prema prvotnim razmišljanjima prisutnih trebalo oblikovati i pripremiti prepared under a uniform structure and presented to the interested public in each of prema istom izložbenom obrazcu te ga zainteresiranoj publici prikazati istovremeno the core Croatian archaeological museums in Zagreb, Split, Zadar, Osijek and at the tijekom 2014. godine u svakom od sjedišta hrvatskih matičnih arheloških muzeja, tj. u same time during the course of 2014. For the review exhibition conceived in this manner, Zagrebu, Splitu, Zadru, Osijeku i Puli. Za ovako zamišljenu izložbenu smotru svaki je muzej each museum had to select and present the most important, most significant, most valu- trebao odabrati i predstaviti najvažnije, najznačajnije, najvrijednije ili najljepše eksponate able or most attractive exponents from their medieval collections: individual items, grave svojih srednjovjekovnih zbirki — pojedinačne predmete, grobne nalaze i skupne nalaze ili goods or group finds and treasure hoards that date from roughly 400 to 1500 AD. ostave blaga nastale u vremenu od oko 400. godine do oko 1500. godine po Kr. Želja da The desire for these exhibitions to be uniformly structured and to have them accompa- ove izložbe budu jednoobrazno oblikovane i da ih prate izložbeni katalozi jednako ili slično nied by exhibition catalogues that are identically or similarly compiled and expertly com- oblikovani i stručno usaglašeni računalo je s povezivanjem predviđenih izložbenih aktivno- piled entailed the linkage of all exhibition activities in to a single and common exhibition sti u jedinstvenu i zajedničku izložbenu cjelinu koja bi u konačnici postala prispodobiva za unit that would ultimately become suitable for display and presentation in any larger izlaganje i prezentaciju u svakom većem izložbenom prostoru u Republici Hrvatskoj. exhibition hall in Croatian.

Izložba je tijekom 2014. godine realizirana u tri matična muzeja, u Arheološkom muzeju u The exhibition was organized in three core museums during 2014: the Archaeological Zagrebu, Arheološkom muzeju u Splitu i Arheološkom muzeju – Zadar. Tijekom 2015. go- Museum in Zagreb, the Archaeological Museum in Split, and the Archaeological Museum dine je realizirana i u Muzeju Slavonije u Osijeku, i sada u Arheološkom muzeju Istre u Puli. Zadar. In the course of 2015 it was also presented in the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek, and now in the Archaeological Museum of Istria in Pula. Organizatori izložbenog projekta Zlato i srebro srednjeg vijeka... i njegovog izložbenog dijela Zlato i srebro srednjeg vijeka u Arheološkom muzeju Istre u Puli zahvaljuju Ministarstvu kultu- The organizers of the exhibition project Medieval Gold and Silver... and its exhibition com- re Republike Hrvatske na potpori projektu i njegovim izložbenim zamislima i održavanju. ponent Medieval Gold and Silver in the Arhaeological museum of Istria would like to extend their gratitude to the Croatian Ministry of Culture for underwriting the project and its Zahvaljujemo i svim suradnicima — institucijama i pojedincima na svakom obliku pomoći. presentation concepts to say nothing of the exhibition itself.

Thanks also go to all of those, both institutions and individuals, who assisted us in any way.

Ravnateljica / Director Ravnatelj / Director Ravnatelj / Director Ravnatelj / Director Ravnatelj / Director Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu Arheološki muzej u Splitu Arheološki muzej - Zadar Muzej Slavonije Arheološki muzej Istre Archaeological Museum in Zagreb Archaeological Museum in Split Archaeological Museum - Zadar Museum of Slavonia Archaeological Museum of Istria Jacqueline Balen Damir Kliškić Jakov Vučić Denis Detling Darko Komšo Zlato i srebro srednjeg vijeka u Medieval Gold and Silver in the Arheološkom muzeju Istre Archaeological Museum of Istria Arheološki predmeti od zlata i srebra iz srednjovjekovne zbirke Arheološkog Gold and silver artifacts from the Medieval Collection of the Archaeological muzeja Istre skromnije su zastupljeni u broju i dizajnerskoj raskoši u odnosu Museum of Istria are modest both in number and design in comparison with na one iz bogatih fundusa ostalih hrvatskih arheoloških muzeja. Kako je pulski the rich holdings of other Croatian archaeological museums. Some known or muzej osnovan 1902. godine, poznati ili pak zagubljeni zlatni i srebrni pred- nowadays lost artifacts made of gold and silver, which were of an exceptional meti izuzetne kulturno-umjetničke i arheološke vrijednosti, koji su pronađeni cultural-artistic and archaeological value and had been discovered in the u drugoj polovici 19. st. u Istri, svojevremeno su preneseni u Beč i Trst. second half of the 19th century, were formerly taken to Vienna and because the City Museum of Pula was founded in 1902. Poletom novih terenskih istraživanja nakon Drugog svjetskog rata pri Arheološ- kom muzeju Istre uspostavlja se srednjovjekovna zbirka, kao preduvjet razvoju The Medieval Collection was created at the Archaeological Museum of Istria ranosrednjovjekovne i staroslavenske odnosno starohrvatske arheologije u with the start of new field explorations after World War II, which served as a Istri. Među novim brojnim nalazima bio je svega jedan par zlatnih naušnica, a pre-condition for the development of early medieval and Early Slavic or Early najviše je bilo srebrnih ili posrebrenih naušnica. Najraskošniji filigranski nakit Croatian archaeology in Istria. Amongst the large number of new finds there od zlata i srebra izrađivan je u radionicama s kasnoantičkom i bizantskom tra- was but a single pair of gold earrings, as most of the others were either of dicijom, kao predložak za srebrni ili posrebreni i najmasovniji brončani nakit za silver or silver-plate. The most luxurious filigree jewelry made of gold or silver široki puk. Zlato, srebro i bronca: bila je to materijalna gradacija - prepoznatljiva was crafted in workshops with a Late Roman and Byzantine tradition, and it oznaka bogatstva i moći na piramidi društvenog statusa. served as a model for some of the silver, silver-plated, or, the most popu- lar, bronze jewelry intended for use by the broad masses. Gold, silver and Stoga su na izložbi predstavljeni rijetki zlatni, više pozlaćeni nalazi, a ponajviše bronze: this was a material gradation – a readily observable sign of wealth nakit izrađen od srebra. Nalazi su kronološki predstavljeni s lokaliteta Pula, and power on the social status pyramid. Nezakcij, Veli Mlun kod Buzeta, Čelega kod Novigrada, Novigrad, Sipar kod Umaga, Žminj, (kod crkve sv. Petra), Barban (kod crkve sv. Križa), Buje This exhibition therefore consists of rare gold, and a larger number of gilt (brežuljak Sv. Margerita), Brest (kod crkve sv. Bartula) te nepoznatih nalazišta. finds, most numerous being jewelry made of silver. The finds are chrono- logically presented and are from the localities of Pula, Nesactium, Veli Mlun Premda vrlo skromni, istarski primjerci od plemenitog metala u svojem su near Buzet, Čelega near Novigrad, Novigrad, Sipar near Umag, Žminj, Dvigrad kontekstu nalaza i sadržaja doista nezaobilazni bljeskovi i svjedočanstvo o (at the Church of St. Peter), Barban (at the Church of the Holy Cross), Buje prošlosti Poluotoka. Izloženi predmeti kronološki svjedoče o vremenu ranog (hillock of Sv. Margerita), Brest (at the Church of St. Bartholomew), as well as kršćanstva te vladavini Istočnih Gota (od 493. g.). Izloženi nakit iz razdoblja from unknown sites. vladavine Bizanta (od Justinijanove rekonkviste 539. g.) i Franaka (od osvajanja Karla Velikog 788. g.) ukazuje na naseljavanje Slavena, odnosno Hrvata. Istra Although very modest, Istrian specimens made of precious metals, bearing je od 843. g. dio Italskog Kraljevstva, a priključenjem Bavarskoj 952. g. pripada in mind the context of their discovery and content, represent truly indispens- Njemačkom Kraljevstvu. able flashes and testimonies about the past of this Peninsula. The items on display bear witness of the Early Christian period and the rule of the Ostro- goths (from 493). The exhibited jewelry points to the settlement of Slavs and Croats, starting with the period of Byzantine rule (from Justinian’s re-conquest in 539) and that of the Franks (from Charlemagne’s conquest in 788). Istria was part of the Italic kingdom from 843, and with the linkup to Bavaria in 952 it belonged to the German kingdom.

7. Žminj–starohrvatsko-dalmatinske naušnice / Žminj – Early Croatian – Dalmatian earrings Popis izložaka / List of exhibits 7.1. Naušnica s jednom jagodom, srebro, grob 191, II. pol 9. i I. pol. 10. st. A single-bead earring, silver, grave 191, second half of the 9th and first half of the 10th century; 1. Pula-groblja Istočnih Gota / Pula – Ostrogothic cemeteries 7.2. Par naušnica s jednom jagodom, srebro, grob 215, II. pol 9. i I. pol. 10. st. 1.1. Ostrogotska lučna fibula, pozlaćeno srebro, groblje kod Amfiteatra, 493. g. – 538. g. A pair of single-bead earrings, silver, grave 215, second half of the 9th and first half of the 10th century; An Ostrogothic bow fibula, gilt silver, the cemetery at the Amphitheater, 493 – 538; 7.3. Naušnica s jednom jagodom, srebro, grob 215, kraj 9. i početak 10. st. 1.2.-3. Dva para naušnica sa poliedrom, srebro, groblje kod Amfiteatra (?), 5/6. st. A single-bead earring, silver, grave 215, late 9th and early 10th century; Two pairs of earrings with a polyhedron, silver, the cemetery at the Amphitheater (?), 5th/6th century; 7.4. Par naušnica s jednom jagodom, srebro i bronca, grob 226, kraj 9. i početak 10. st. 1.4. Germanska pojasna kopča, pozlaćena bronca, istočna padina kaštela, 493. g. – 538. g. A pair of single-bead earrings, silver and bronze, grave 226, late 9th and early 10th century; A Germanic belt buckle, gilt bronze, eastern slope of the old town, 493 – 538; 7.5. Par naušnica s dvije jagode, srebro, grob 199, I. pol. 10. st. 1.5. Ostrogotska fibula, pozlaćena bronca, Poreština (?), konac 5. poč. 6. st. A pair of two-bead earrings, silver, grave 199, first half of the 10th century; An Ostrogothic fibula, gilt bronze, the Poreč territory (?), late 5th – early 6th century. 7.6. Par naušnica s četiri jagode, srebro, grob 151, II. pol. 9. st. A pair of four-bead earrings, silver, grave 151, second half of the 9th century; 2. Pula–rano kršćanstvo / Pula – Early Christianity 7.7. Naušnica s četiri jagode, srebro sa primjesom bronce, grob 187, II. pol. 9. st. 2.1. Zidni mozaik s prikazom „Traditio Legis“, pozlaćene tessere od staklene paste, Pula, bazilika sv. A four-bead earring, silver with an addition of bronze, grave 187, second half of the 9th century. Marije Formoze, južni mauzolej, pol. 6. st. A wall mosaic with a “Traditio Legis” depiction, gilt tesserae made of glass paste, Pula, Basilica of St. 8. Žminj– naušnice s grozdolikim privjeskom / Žminj – earrings with a raceme pendant Mary Formosa, southern mausoleum, middle of the 6th century; 8.1. Grozdolika naušnica, srebro, grob 158, sredina 9. st. 2.2. Tessera zidnog mozaika, pozlaćena staklena pasta, Pula, riva do Katedrala, 6. st. A raceme earring, silver, grave 158, middle of the 9th century; A wall mosaic tessera, gilt glass paste, Pula, the waterfront at the Cathedral, 6th century; 8.2. Grozdolika bjelobrdska naušnica, srebro s primjesom bronce, grob 126, prva pol. 10. st. 2.3. Križ, aplika ili privjesak, srebro, nepoznato nalazište, 6.-7. st. A raceme earring of the Bjelo Brdo type, silver with an addition of bronze, grave 126, first half of the A cross, an appliqué or pendant, silver, unknown findspot, th6 – 7th century; 10th century; 2.4. Pločasta fibula, bronca sa tragovima srebra, Nezakcij, površinski nalaz 6. st. 8.3. Prsten, srebro i bronca, grob 210/1, kraj 9. st. A plate fibula, bronze with traces of silver, Nesactium, a surface find, th6 century. A ring, silver and bronze, grave 210/1, late 9th century; 8.4. Prsten, srebro, grob 106, I. pol. 10. st. 3. Veli Mlun kod Buzeta / Veli Mlun near Buzet A ring, silver, grave 106, first half of the 10th century. 3.1. Par filigranskih naušnica s granulacijom, zlato, grob 88, 7. st. A pair of filigree earrings with granulation, gold, grave 88, th7 century; 9. Žminj i Dvigrad - naušnice kao jednostavne karičice / Žminj and Dvigrad – earrings shaped 3.2. Razvodna alka, srebro i kositar, grob 47, 7.- 8. st. like simple shanks A retainer ring, silver and tin, grave 47, 7th – 8th century; 9.1.-3. Tri para jednostavnih naušnica, srebro, Žminj, grob 10, II. pol. 9. st. – I. pol. 10. st. 3.3. Igla, srebro, grob 47, 7. – 8. st. Three pairs of simple earrings, silver, Žminj, grave 10, second half of the 9th – first half of the 10th A pin, silver, grave 47, 7th – 8th century; century; 3.4. Srebrni novčić bizantskog cara Konstatina V. Kopronima (741.-775.) na ogrlici od staklenih perli, grob 65. 9.4. Par naušnica sa završetkom u obliku petlje i kukice, posrebrena bronca, Žminj, grob 82, II. pol. 9. st. A silver coin of Byzantine emperor Constantine V Copronymus (741 – 775) on a glass bead necklace, grave 65. A pair of earrings with a terminal in the form of a knot and small hook, silver-plated bronze, Žminj, grave 82, second half of the 9th century; 4. Čelega kod Novigrada - 4.1. Par jednostavnih naušnica s petljom, srebro, grob 12, 7. st. 9.5. Par ketlaških naušnica, srebro, Žminj, grob 137, II. pol. 9. st. – I. pol. 10. st. Čelega near Novigrad – 4.1. A pair of simple earrings with a knot, silver, grave 12, 7th century. A pair of Koetlach type earrings, silver, Žminj, grave 137, second half of the 9th – first half of the 10th century; 5. Novigrad i Umag – okovi pojasnih garnitura / Novigrad and Umag – mounts used for belt sets 9.6.-9. Četiri jednostavne naušnice sa završetkom u obliku petlje i kukice, srebro, Dvigrad, kod crkve 5.1. Okov pojasne avarske garniture, pozlaćena bronca, Novigrad – okolica, 8. st. sv. Petra, grobovi 12, 16, 19, 20, 9. st. An Avar mount for a belt set, gilt bronze, Novigrad - surroundings, 8th century; Four earrings having terminals in the form of a knot and small hook, silver, Dvigrad, at the Church of 5.2. Pojasni karolinški jezičak, pozlaćena bronca, Sipar kod Umaga, 9. st. St. Peter, graves 12, 16, 19 and 20, 9th century; A Carolingian belt tang, gilt bronze, Sipar near Umag, 9th century. 9.10. Ketlaška naušnica, srebro, Dvigrad, kod crkve sv. Petra, grob 48, 10. st. A Koetlach type earring, silver, Dvigrad, at the Church of St. Peter, grave 48, 10th century. 6. Žminj – mediteransko-bizantske naušnice / Žminj – Mediterranean-Byzantine earrings 6.1. Filigranska naušnica, srebro s primjesom bronce, grob 188, sredina 9. st. 10. Barban, Buje, Brest / Barban, Buje, Brest A filigree earring, silver with an addition of bronze, grave 188, middle of the 9th century; 10.1. Naušnica s tri jagode, pozlaćeno srebro, Barban, kod crkve sv. Križa, 10. st. 6.2. Filigranska naušnica, srebro, grob 93, sredina 9. st. A three-bead earring, gilt silver, Barban, at the Church of the Holy Cross, 10th century; A filigree earring, silver, grave 93, middle of the th9 century; 10.2. Prsten, srebro, Buje, brežuljak Sv. Margerita, grob 7, II. pol. 10. st. 6.3. Par filigranskih naušnica, srebro s primjesom bronce, grob 193/2, zadnja desetljeća 9. st. A ring, silver, Buje, Sv. Margerita hillock, grave 7, second half of the 10th century; A pair of filigree earrings, silver with an addition of bronze, grave 193/2, final decades of the th9 century; 10.3. Pojasna kopča, pozlaćena bronca, Buje, brežuljak Sv. Margerita, II. pol. 10. st. 6.4. Par filigranskih naušnica s dva nasuprotna srcolika ukrasa, srebro, grob 192, sred. 9. st. A belt buckle, gilt bronze, Buje, Sv. Margerita hillock, second half of the 10th century; A pair of filigree earrings with two antithetical, heart-shaped ornaments, silver, grave 192, middle of 10.4. Prsten sa krunom i ukrašen filigranom, srebro, Brest, kod crkve sv. Bartula, kraj 10. - početak 11. st. the 9th century. A ring with a bezel, decorated with filigree, silver, Brest, at the Church of St. Bartholomew, late 10th – early 11th century. Projekt / Project: Zlato i srebro srednjeg vijeka u matičnim arheološkim muzejima Republike Hrvatske / Medieval Gold and Silver in the Core Archaeological Museums of the Republic of Croatia Nakladnik / Publisher: Arheološki muzej Istre / Archaeological Museum of Istria Za nakladnika / For the publisher: Darko Komšo Uredništvo / Editorial board: Kristina Mihovilić, Ondina Krnjak, Adriana Gri Štorga Organizacija izložbe / Exhibition organization: Arheološki muzej Istre / Archaeological Museum of Istria Autor izložbe i tekstova / Author of exhibition and texts: Željko Ujčić Autor postava, grafičko oblikovanje plakata i deplijana / Author of set up, graphic design of posters, and flyers: Vjeran Juhas Fotografije / Photography: Tanja Draškić Savić Konzervacija arheološke građe / Conservation of archaeological materials: Đeni Gobić Bravar Tehnički suradnici na izložbi / Exhibition technical assistants: Jadranka Homoky, Andrea Sardoz Lektura / Language editing: Dubravka Blaško Prijevod / Translation: Apostrof d.o.o., Miloš Ilgo Korektura / Proofreading: Adriana Gri Štorga, Katarina Zenzerović

Tisak / Print: MPS Pula Naklada / No. of copies: 500

Pula 2015.