DOCSLIB.ORG

A New GIS Procedure for the Reconstruction of the Landscape in Classical Antiquity (Territory of Today Croatia)”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New GIS Procedure for the Reconstruction of the Landscape in Classical Antiquity (Territory of Today Croatia)” Begović V., Schrunk I., Kereković D. (2011). The project “A new GIS procedure for the reconstruction of the landscape in classical antiquity (territory of today Croatia)”. In: D. Kereković, R. Źróbek (ed.). The Future with GIS. Croatian Information Technology Association – GIS Forum, University of Silesia, Zagreb, 82-93. THE PROJECT "A NEW GIS PROCEDURE FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LANDSCAPE IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY (territory of today Croatia)" Vlasta Begović Institute of Archaeology Gajeva 32, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia Ivančica Schrunk University of St. Thomas St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA Davorin Kereković GIS Forum Ilica 191 e, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia Abstract In the course of the ongoing research project “Archaeological Topography of Croatia in Classical Antiquity” the application of a new GIS procedure made it possible to make reconstructions of some Roman sites and past landscapes (landscape in classical antiquity) on the territory of today Croatia. The GIS approach to the study of changes in historical landscapes indicated that the greatest transformation of the landscape occurred in the Roman period. Territorial creativity was high in the Roman time, when a completely new landscape identity appeared after the 2nd/1st century BC in Dalmatia and Histria, and after the 1st century AD in Pannonia. The new markers in the landscape consisted of: 1) Military camps; 2) Cities – colonies and settlements; 3) Roman villas; 4) A network of roads and aqueducts. Agro-forestry landscapes were unbalanced even in prehistory, with clearing of forests and expansion of agriculture. However, the most noticeable changes came in the Roman period with new exploitation of the land and the intensive planting of new cash crops - grape (vineyards) and olive trees in Dalmatia and Histria, and wheat and other cereals in Pannonia. Roman villas as the centres of the agriculturally productive landscape were settled between the towns and cities. The Roman beginning of settlements had the roots in the commercial and strategic needs of the expanding power in the eastern Adriatic territory and in the Pannonian region and in the exploitation of the local resources. The network of roads had the main aim of connecting the different parts of the Roman Empire along the major rivers of the Danubius (Danube), Dravus (Drava), Savus (Sava), Colapius (Kupa) and Naron (Neretva), and also along the eastern Adriatic coast. The project "A New GIS Procedure for the Reconstruction of the Landscape in Classical Antiquity (territory of today Croatia)" is at the beginning. We started with the study of Roman architectural features as the markers in the landscape. We are presenting here the preliminary results of the first phase of our study. Key words: GIS, archaeological topography, historical landscape in classical antiquity, archaeological landscape, 4th century BC to 6th century AD Introduction The objectives of the GIS project are: 1) Building a geocoded database of the archaeological sites in the Republic of Croatia. The first stage is to build a geocoded database of the sites in classical antiquity (4th century BC-6th century AD), then of the prehistoric and medieval sites. 2) Facilitating the use of the graphics data (of different precise value) for different spatial and expertise analyses. 3) Preparing a database of the archaeological sites for the wider circle of data and analysis users. 4) Designing the database to accept the installation of various new graphical data. The graphical database in the project “Archaeological Topography of Croatia in Classical Antiquity” are digital maps in 1:3000 000, 1:25 000, 1:1 000 (and even more detailed maps), satellite images, electromagnetic surveys, aerial photographs, 3-D models of the terrain, photographs, 82 drawings, and other types of graphical documentation. For each archaeological site a series of 20 data entries are given – number, county, municipality, region, geocode (geographical width from Greenwich, England, geographical length from the equator), site (by spatial data and abc), name, part of the site, neighbouring settlement, archaeological museum with the jurisdiction over the site, toponyme, identification data, historical dating, and conducted archaeological excavations and investigations. The professional classification of the archaeological sites and features are: settlement, road, castrum, bridge, villa, architecture, grave, church, monastery, city, forum, temple, theatre, amphitheatre, aqueduct, individual finding, etc. The study of archaeological topography is the basis for knowing the total number of sites, their type, degree of preservation and value, as well as their spatial setting and precise position. The data refer to the entire Republic of Croatia (land, underground, and underwater), with a special emphasis on the architectural heritage of both urban and rural character, as well as archaeological finds and documented historical road network, up to the Roman border - limes on the Danube River. The data also include historical sources and toponomy. To supplement the data from the existing literature and reports on archaeological excavations, we use data from non-aggressive archaeological methods, such as the interpreting satellite images and aerial photographs, as well as the results of electromagnetic survey - following the recommendations of the European convention on protection of the archaeological heritage. A database is formed and mapping is performed on a topographic map and on a digital map of Croatia. Determination of geographic coordinates (geocode) is done on the basis of topographic maps in the scale of 1:100 000 and town plans (HGU 2002) and by Global Positioning System by reading on the archaeological sites. For the requirement of mapping topographic data a printout was acquired from the graphic base of the registry of spatial units in the digital record in the DWG format. Each attribute card received its datum on the digital map. The Archaeological Sites The Roman provinces of Pannonia, Histria and Dalmatia (Roman administrative division of the imperial territory) are today situated in the 20 administrative counties of the Republic of Croatia. Rivers and mountain ranges were ethnic borders in ancient times. The same geographic features generally serve as the present-day administrative borders of the counties. 83 Fig 1 Map of Histria, Pannonia and Dalmatia on the territory of today Republic of Croatia The location of each archaeological site is related to the closest existing town in order to facilitate geographic references. ROMAN PROVINCE PANNONIA Osijek Baranja County In the angle formed by the confluence of the Drava and Danube Rivers there is an extensive swampy area that stretches further toward the north, which has arisen as a result of the Danube’s course shifting gradually eastward. Today’s Kopački Swamps is what remains of a once much lager wetland. East of Osijek, between Nemetin and Aljmaš, the swamp also takes in the right bank of the lowest course of the Drava River. Aside from the Danube and the Drava, the largest rivers in that area, there are the Vuka River and the Karašica. Such topographic conditions made human habitation of this area possible and led to the rise and development of settlements. From the very beginning of human habitation, the places most favourable for building settlements were the high river terraces and edges of swamps. During the Roman rule, the decisive role in the development was played by the border on the Danube (Danubian limes) and the good possibility of communicating in the region. Roman cities and military border camps were founded here: Colonia Aelia Mursa (today Osijek) on the Drava River and Teutoburgium (today Dalj), Ad Militare (today Batina) on the Danube River. Other Roman settlements were found in Kamenac, Vladislavci, Tenja, Kneževi vinogradi (Mons Aureus), Erdut, Čepin, Đakovo, Našice, Valpovo, Kolođvar and Štrbinci (Roman Certissia). Traces of Roman roads were uncovered at Podravlje near Bilj. (Bulat 1969; Thomas 1964; Rauning 1980). Vukovar Srijem County The county is located between the Danube and the Sava River. The terrain is rather flat with some smaller rivers in the middle, such as Vučica, Vuka, Biđ, Berava, Spačva and Bout. In the time of classical antiquity this was a swampy area, according to a Roman literary source which mentioned the 84 draining of swamps at the time of Emperor Probus in the 3rd century AD. The northern part of the county is on the slopes of Fruška Mountain, which descend to the Vukovar plateau and on the slopes of Dilj, which turn into the Vinkovci-Đakovo plateau, while the lowest parts are along the river Sava. This was the territory of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior, with the centre at Cibalae (today Vinkovci), which was a commercial and manufacturing settlement. It was located at the intersection of the roads that linked it with the main Roman routes. Fig 2 Map of Vinkovci, Roman Cibalae with archaeological sites Military border camps were at Sotin (Cornacum), further east at Ilok (Cuccium), and near Županja (Vragorilo) the Roman Ad Basantae, at the crossing over the Sava River and connection with the Bosut River. Villae rusticae were at Oriolik-Rajterovo Hill, Privlaka-Zvirinac, Andrijaševci-Fabrički Gaj, Retkovci-Staro Selo, Petrovci. Along the road were way stations - stationes and rest stops for travellers to stay – mansiones – Stari Mikanovci, Cerić-Plandište, Gradište-Kamenište. Trading posts for military needs – canabae - have been found at Nagoslavci. Remains of Roman architecture and the evidence of settlements were found at Cerić (coins from 1st c. BC-4th c. AD), Plandište, Ostrovo, Privlaka, Retkovci, Grabovo, Svinjarevci, Tompojevci, Tovarnik, Orašje, Babina Greda, Gradište, Podgajci Posavski, Bogdanovci, Bapska and Županja. Villae rusticae were located at Petrovci, Sotin and Zlopolje. At Petri skela (Vukovar) remains of an amphora factory (figlina) were uncovered. A Roman road was documented at Štitar. (Dorm 1977; Bulat 1965; Durman, 2008) Brod Posavina County The terrain is flat with gentle slopes of the hills Psunj, Požeška gora and Dilj in the north and the border on the river Sava in the south.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Srijemskoj Županiji U Popisima 1991. I 2001. Godine
    Ljiljana DOBROVŠAK NACIONALNE MANJINE U VUKOVARSKO- -SRIJEMSKOJ žUPANIJI U POPISIMA 1991. I 2001. GODINE Uvod Na području Hrvatske tradicionalno živi veliki broj nacionalnih manjina, najviše u Istri, sjevernoj Dalmaci- ji, Lici, Kordunu, Banovini, zapadnoj i istočnoj Slavoniji i Baranji. Primjerice, u Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji brojne nacionalne manjine živjele su u prošlosti, a tako je i sada. Nacionalne manjine naseljavale su to područje tije- kom raznih povijesnih razdoblja, počevši od srednjeg vije- ka, pa sve do dvadesetog stoljeća. Neke nacionalne manji- ne oduvijek žive na ovim prostorima, dok su se pripadnici drugih doseljavali u različitim razdobljima.1 Osamosta- ljivanjem Republike Hrvatske i njezinim međunarodnim priznanjem 1992. godine, nacionalne manjine dobivaju nov status. To se odnosi na sve nacionalne manjine, bez obzira na to jesu li do tada formalno imale status manjine ili ne.2 Republika Hrvatska je od bivše SFRJ naslijedila model zaštite prava samo nekih nacionalnih manjina te je odmah po uspostavi neovisnosti priznala i stečena prava ostalih nacionalnih manjina. Međutim, taj proces prizna- vanja nije bio lagan. Prava nacionalnih manjina u Repu- blici Hrvatskoj regulirao je tek Ustavni zakon o pravima nacionalnih manjina, koji je stupio na snagu 23. prosinca 2002. godine, a njime se Republika Hrvatska obvezala na poštivanje i zaštitu prava nacionalnih manjina u skladu s Ustavom i međunarodnim dokumentima. Prema njemu: Nacionalna manjina je skupina hrvatskih državlja- na čiji pripadnici su tradicionalno nastanjeni na teritoriju Republike Hrvatske, a njeni članovi imaju etnička, jezična, kulturna i/ili vjerska obilježja različita od drugih građana i vodi ih želja za očuvanjem tih obilježja (članak 5. Ustavnog zakona). Više o povijesno-političkim razdobljima doseljavanja stanovništva kod: Alica Wertheimer Baletić i Anđelko Akrap, Razvoj stanovništva Vuko- varsko-srijemske županije s posebnim osvrtom na ekonomsku strukturu od 1971.
    [Show full text]
  • FEEFHS Journal Volume VII No. 1-2 1999
    FEEFHS Quarterly A Journal of Central & Bast European Genealogical Studies FEEFHS Quarterly Volume 7, nos. 1-2 FEEFHS Quarterly Who, What and Why is FEEFHS? Tue Federation of East European Family History Societies Editor: Thomas K. Ecllund. [email protected] (FEEFHS) was founded in June 1992 by a small dedicated group Managing Editor: Joseph B. Everett. [email protected] of American and Canadian genealogists with diverse ethnic, reli- Contributing Editors: Shon Edwards gious, and national backgrounds. By the end of that year, eleven Daniel Schlyter societies bad accepted its concept as founding members. Each year Emily Schulz since then FEEFHS has doubled in size. FEEFHS nows represents nearly two hundred organizations as members from twenty-four FEEFHS Executive Council: states, five Canadian provinces, and fourteen countries. lt contin- 1998-1999 FEEFHS officers: ues to grow. President: John D. Movius, c/o FEEFHS (address listed below). About half of these are genealogy societies, others are multi-pur- [email protected] pose societies, surname associations, book or periodical publish- 1st Vice-president: Duncan Gardiner, C.G., 12961 Lake Ave., ers, archives, libraries, family history centers, on-line services, in- Lakewood, OH 44107-1533. [email protected] stitutions, e-mail genealogy list-servers, heraldry societies, and 2nd Vice-president: Laura Hanowski, c/o Saskatchewan Genealogi- other ethnic, religious, and national groups. FEEFHS includes or- cal Society, P.0. Box 1894, Regina, SK, Canada S4P 3EI ganizations representing all East or Central European groups that [email protected] have existing genealogy societies in North America and a growing 3rd Vice-president: Blanche Krbechek, 2041 Orkla Drive, group of worldwide organizations and individual members, from Minneapolis, MN 55427-3429.
    [Show full text]
  • Godišnji Financijski Izvještaji Hrvatskih Voda Za 2020. Godinu
    HRVATSKE VODE Godišnji financijski izvještaji za 2020. godinu UVODNE NAPOMENE Hrvatske vode su pravna osoba za upravljanje vodama koja je počela djelovati 1. srpnja 1996. godine kao pravni slijednik Javnog vodoprivrednog poduzeća Hrvatska vodoprivreda sukladno članku 200. stavka I.Zakona o vodama (N.N. 107/95.) Hrvatske vode su sukladno Zakonu o vodama ustrojene i registrirane kod Trgovačkog suda u Zagrebu kao ustanova čiji je osnivač Republika Hrvatska. Sukladno zakonski determiniranom pravnom statusu Hrvatske vode posluju kao neprofitna organizacija. Člankom 186. Zakona o vodama (N.N. 153/09, 63/11, 130/11, 56/13, 14/14, 46/18) regulirana je djelatnost Hrvatskih voda te su određeni poslovi Hrvatskih voda od kojih su najvažniji: - izrada planskih dokumenata za upravljanje vodama, - izrada projektnih zadataka, koncepcijskih rješenja, studija i investicijskih programa, - uređenje voda i zaštita od štetnog djelovanja voda, - investitorski poslovi u gradnji i održavanju građevina za osnovnu melioracijsku odvodnju; nadzor nad građenjem i održavanjem građevina; - upravljanje kakvoćom voda, provedba monitoringa površinskih, uključivo i priobalnih voda i podzemnih voda, - upravljanje projektima gradnje građevina za navodnjavanje u vlasništvu jedinica područne (regionalne) samouprave sukladno nacionalnim programima i projektima; sufinanciranje gradnje, - upravljanje javnim vodnim dobrom, - vođenje vodne dokumentacije i jedinstvenoga informacijskog sustava voda te izdavanje vodopravnih akata, - stručni poslovi u vezi s davanjem koncesija, - stručni nadzor nad provođenjem uvjeta iz vodopravnih akata i koncesijskih uvjeta, - obračun i naplata naknada za koncesije za gospodarsko korištenje voda, - obračun i naplata vodnih naknada, - upravljanje posebnim projektima. Zakonski okvir za izradu temeljnih financijskih izvještaja Zaključno sa 31.12. 2015. Hrvatske vode su svoje poslovanje vodile sukladno Uredbi o računovodstvu neprofitnih organizacija (Nar.nov.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.3 Guidance Document on Measures for Flood Protection
    Guidance d ocument on the integrated assessment of existing and planned civil engineering measures for flood protection Disclaimer This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication EU IPA 2010 TWINNING PROJECT are the sole responsibility of the implementing partners “Development of Flood Hazard Maps and Flood Risk Maps” and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the Twinning No: HR/2010/IB/EN/01 European Union http://twinning.voda.hr guidance document on the integrated assessment of existing and planned civil engineering 2 measures for flood protection This document is also available in Croatian language March 2014 guidance document on the integrated assessment of existing and planned civil engineering 3 measures for flood protection Table of content Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2. A typology of measures....................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Why do we need a typology?.............................................................................................. 8 2.2 Cascades of measures ......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Overview
    [Show full text]
  • Gong Annual Report 2003
    GONG ANNUAL REPORT 2003 Written by Damir Azenic (narrative) and Anela Resanovic (financial) Edited by Ivna Bajsic and Suzana Jasic 1. ELECTION PROGRAM A. ELECTION MONITORING Parliamentary elections and a number of local by-elections and town/municipality neighborhood council elections were held in 2003. In addition, elections for representatives and members of the national minority councils in units of local and regional self-government were held in Croatia for the first time. Elections were monitored by the total of 3,257 observers. • Parliamentary Elections (November 23, 2003) Elections were conducted at 6,795 polling stations in Croatia and 155 polling stations abroad and were monitored by 3,000 GONG observers. In its final report, GONG assessed that the elections were carried out in accordance with the election regulations, although there were some problems with the voting of members of national minorities, voters’ lists and violations of election silence. It was stressed out, in the case if election legislation remains the same, positive assessment for future elections will not be possible, regardless of the quality and the atmosphere of democracy surrounding the elections. • Elections for Representatives and Members of National Minority Councils (May 18, 2003) Under The Constitutional Law on the Rights of National Minorities and the Government's decision, members of national minorities in Croatia had the right to vote for members of 471 minority councils and 141 minority representatives in 872 polling stations. GONG’s 21 mobile teams visited 418 polling stations and monitored elections. The elections were carried out in accordance with the law and the mandatory instructions issued by the State Election Commission (SEC).
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES Where Is Croatia?
    157 Dragomir Vojnić* UDK 338.22 (497.5):339.923 Izvorni znanstveni rad EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES Where is Croatia? Paper prepared for the International conference on “Russia and the CIS in recent European integration processes” Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of International Economic and Political Studies Moscow, October 17-18, 2002 The fact that by admission of Slovenia the borders of the European Union almost reached Zagreb, repeatedly provoked a discussion about the reasons of lagging behind of Croatia. The author observes the basic reasons (beside the imposed war) in political atmosphere which was unacceptable for international community. Such atmosphere resulted in big mistakes of the entire (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and economic policy (tycoon privatization and the wrong stabilization level). Unacceptable political atmosphere is also shown by the fact that Croatian and Slovenian economists commonly prepared the starting bases of transition. Slovenia consistently implemented this concept, while Croatia completely ignored it. The second wave of democratization (at the beginning of century) created political atmosphere more acceptable for international community and more adequate for economic development. Beside certain progress in economic sphere especially expressed are shifts in direction of somewhat faster integration into the European Union. In this sense the author was also encouraged by the President of the European Commission Romano Prodi at the XIII th World Congress of economists in Lisbon, September 9 to 13, 2002. * D. Vojnić, prof. dr. sc., znanstveni savjetnik Ekonomskog instituta, Zagreb (u mirovini) D. VOJNI∆: European Integration Processes 158 EKONOMSKI PREGLED, 54 (1-2) 157-172 (2003) Some general causes of lagging behind of Croatia Comparing achievements of European countries in transition (within environment of globalization trends and integration processes and looking for position of Croatia) one question has been repeatedly imposed.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTIVE FLOOD DEFENCE in CROATIA: Regulatory Framework, Roles & Responsibilities
    Workshop on Flood Risk Management measures & links to EU WFD November 11-12, 2015, Zagreb, Croatia ACTIVE FLOOD DEFENCE IN CROATIA: regulatory framework, roles & responsibilities Zoran Đurokovi ć, M.Sc.C.E. Croatian Waters Main Flood Protection Centre Head of Main Centre ∗ Climate change has intensified in recent years worldwide, including Croatia ∗ Extremely dry and wet periods have been alternating frequently in the last approximately 15 years ∗ Damage from extreme hydrological events is increasing ∗ “Average” or “normal” years are becoming increasingly rarer ∗ The frequency of high water waves and extreme water levels including floods is increasing ∗ There are almost no longer any rules concerning the occurrence of high water waves ∗ Forecasting climate models indicate increasingly frequent extreme climate events, both globally and locally ∗ Only in the last 15 years or so, the major part of the Croatian territory has experienced frequent extreme hydrological events which caused droughts in the years 2000, 2003, 2011 and 2012, but also floods in the years 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 ∗ Heavy damage is recorded, primarily in agriculture, but settlements, infrastructure and industrial facilities are also at risk ∗ Still, unlike in many other countries, major fatalities and disastrous damage in the urban areas have been avoided in Croatia ∗ Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be completely prevented. However, flood risks can be reduced to an acceptable level through constant development of flood
    [Show full text]
  • DIKTAS Country Report
    Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System Country Report (Regional Aspect) - Croatia http://diktas.iwlearn.org Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System Contents HYDROGEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW 1. Introduction 1.1. Project task and role of WG1 1.2. General on karst – term, distribution. Importance 1.3. Histrical review of karst researches 2. Physiography and climate 2.1. Geographic position and boundaries 2.2. Vegetation and land cover 2.3. Rainfall regime 2.4. Air temperature 2.5. Other climate elements 3. Hydrology 3.1. Hydrographic network 3.2. Stream-flow regime 3.3. Controlling streamflow – dams and reservoirs 4. Geological pattern 4.1. Paleogeography of Dinaric region 4.2. Dinaric Carbonate Platform (External Dinarides) - litostratigraphic units 4.3. Tectonic 5. Geomorphology and karstification 5.1. Karstification process 5.2. Karstic features 5.2.1. Surface karstic features 5.2.2. Potholes and caves 6. Aquifer systems 6.1. Aquifers classification and distribution 7. Groundwater basins 7.1. Regional groundwater direction 7.2. Grounwater bodies ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC OVERVIEW 1. Administrative boundaries 2. Population and demography 3. Tourism 4. Land use 5. Sources of income 6. Agriculture 7. Roads 8. Industries 9. Mining sites 10. Solid waste disposal 11. Wastewater treatment Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System 12. Dams and Hydropower Plants 13. Protected areas 14. Karstic caves 15. Groundwater dependent ecosystems 16. Water use 17. Surface water quality LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICY 1. Introduction 2. Updated report on legal, institutional and policy framework in Croatia 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Lokalna Razvojna Strategija Lokalne Akcijske Grupe Zeleni Bregi 2014
    LOKALNA RAZVOJNA STRATEGIJA LOKALNE AKCIJSKE GRUPE „ZELENI BREGI“ ZA VREMENSKO RAZDOBLJE OD 2014. DO 2020. GODINE Prva izmjena, 2018. Rad LAG-a sufinanciran je sredstvima Europske Unije iz Europskog poljoprivrednog fonda za ruralni razvoj, Podmjera 19.1. „Pripremna pomoć“ u okviru Mjere 19 „LEADER – CLLD“ – LAG „Zeleni bregi“ iz Programa ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje 2014.-2020., Udio sufinanciranja 90% EU, 10% RH Europski poljoprivredni fond za ruralni razvoj: Europa ulaže u ruralna područja SADRŽAJ 1. Osnovne značajke područja LAG-a ................................................................................................................1 1.1 Opće zemljopisne značajke područja ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Položaj i granice područja .................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Geomorfološke značajke ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Klimatske značajke područja ............................................................................................................. 4 1.1.4 Prirodna baština LAG-a ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.5 Kulturno-povijesna i tradicijska baština ........................................................................................... 5 1.1.6
    [Show full text]
  • Vladimir-Peter-Goss-The-Beginnings
    Vladimir Peter Goss THE BEGINNINGS OF CROATIAN ART Published by Ibis grafika d.o.o. IV. Ravnice 25 Zagreb, Croatia Editor Krešimir Krnic This electronic edition is published in October 2020. This is PDF rendering of epub edition of the same book. ISBN 978-953-7997-97-7 VLADIMIR PETER GOSS THE BEGINNINGS OF CROATIAN ART Zagreb 2020 Contents Author’s Preface ........................................................................................V What is “Croatia”? Space, spirit, nature, culture ....................................1 Rome in Illyricum – the first historical “Pre-Croatian” landscape ...11 Creativity in Croatian Space ..................................................................35 Branimir’s Croatia ...................................................................................75 Zvonimir’s Croatia .................................................................................137 Interlude of the 12th c. and the Croatia of Herceg Koloman ............165 Et in Arcadia Ego ...................................................................................231 The catastrophe of Turkish conquest ..................................................263 Croatia Rediviva ....................................................................................269 Forest City ..............................................................................................277 Literature ................................................................................................303 List of Illustrations ................................................................................324
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Croatia in 2011
    2011 Minerals Yearbook CROATIA U.S. Department of the Interior September 2013 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CROATIA By Harold R. Newman Petroleum extraction and refining were the major economic tone of the Mining Act, which is designed to give control over activities of Croatia’s mineral industry. Mineral resources mineral reserves back to the state (International Law Office, included bauxite, clays, coal, gypsum, mica, natural asphalt, 2011). petroleum, and salt. The country remained reliant on mineral commodity imports for its industrial needs. Most of the output Minerals in the National Economy of industrial minerals was consumed by the domestic market. In 2011, mineral resources and mineral production were not The Government was continuing with the process for entering significant to Croatia’s national economy. Croatia had a trade the European Union (EU) in 2013. deficit in mining and quarrying goods (a category that included The Energy and Mining Directorate (EMD) is the mineral fuels) in 2011; exports were valued at about 851 million Government agency responsible for governmental activities kuna (HRK) ($143 million1), and imports were valued at related to the energy and mining sectors. The Directorate’s HRK15.5 billion ($2.6 billion). Exports of petroleum and natural responsibilities include drafting laws and regulations related gas were valued at HRK618 million ($104 million), and imports to the energy and mining sectors and planning, proposing, of natural gas and petroleum were valued at HRK14.3 billion developing, and implementing energy and mining policies, ($2.4 billion) (Croatian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). including the Government’s energy development strategy Croatia’s main trading partner was the EU, and the main (Energy and Mining Directorate, 2011a).
    [Show full text]