INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation SAO Srpska autonomna oblast (Serbian Autonomous Region) SDS Srpska demokratska stranka (Serb Democratic Party) SK Savez komunista (League of Communists) SFRY Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SKJ Savez komunista Jugoslavije (League of Communists of Yugoslavia) SPS Socijalistička partija Srbije (Socialist Party of Serbia) 1 The chronology is compiled from a number of sources, inter alia ‘Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia’ , Askock, Milivojević and Horton, ABC-Clio–Oxford England; ‘Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise’ by Viktor Meier; ‘The Yugoslav Conflict: A Chronology of Events,’ by Dr. Timothy L. Sanz, Military Review, December 1992 and ‘Breakdown in the Balkans’, Carnegie Endowment Publication, www.suc.org/politics/chronology/chron91.html. See also Snežana Trifunovska: “Yugoslavia Through Documents From its Creation to its Dissolution”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Kluwer, 1994; Snežana Trifunovska: “Former Yugoslavia Through Documents From its Dissolution to the Peace Settlement”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Kluwer, 1999; The text by Budislav Vukas: “The Legal Status of Minorities in Croatia”, as part of the book by Snežana Trifunovska: “Minorities in Europe – Croatia, Estonia and Slovakia”, 1999, T.M.C.Asser Press, The Hague; Cambridge International Documents Series, Volume 5: “The `Yugoslav` Crisis in International Law, Part I, General Issues, Cambridge, 1997; The Chronology of the War – Croatia 1989 – 1998, the Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1998; Enciklopedija Jugoslavije, Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod M. Krleža, Zagreb, 1990 and Mario Nobilo: “The Croatian Fenix: Diplomatic process behind the closed door 1990-1997”, Nakladni zavod Globus, Zagreb, 2000. 2 TO Teritorijalna obrana (Territorial Defence) UNCRO United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (Croatia) UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force UNSC United Nations Security Council UNTAES United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium WEU Western European Union ZNG Zbor narodne garde (Croatian National Guard) 1945 – 1980 31 January 1946 The Constitution of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia proclaimed by the Communist-dominated Government. According to Article 1, the “Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia is a federal people’s state of republican form and a community of equal peoples which, based on the right to self-determination, including the right to secession, have expressed their will to live together in a federal state.” 28 June 1948 Yugoslav Communist Party is expelled from Soviet-led Cominform, signalling Tito’s break with the international communist movement. 1953 The concept of self-management is introduced in the federal Constitution. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia is renamed the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. 7 April 1963 The new Constitution of the SFRY is adopted. It strengthens the Republics’ sovereignty, and provides that the borders of a Republic cannot be changed without its consent. Kosovo becomes an Autonomous Province. The concept of self-management is strengthen and extended into social services and political administration. 16 June 1966 At the fourth assembly of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (CK SKJ), known as the Brijuni plenum, a Commission that was formed on Tito’s initiative, found that a bureaucratic-centralist fraction was established within the State Security Department headed by Aleksandar Ranković and Svetislav Stefanović, Serbian politicians and leaders of secret services which opposed liberalisation and economic and social reforms. 3 1 July 1966 Based on the Commissions work, the Brijuni plenum removed Svetislav Stefanović from the CK SKJ and accepted the resignation of Aleksandar Ranković as a member of CK SKJ, member of the Executive Committee of CK SKJ and Vice-President of the SFRY. 10-11 Jan 1967 At the sixth assembly of the CK SKJ it was concluded that the structure of the SKJ was too centralised and old- fashioned in many respects and that changes following liberalisation of society were necessary. 18 April 1967 The adoption of the constitutional amendments. It further strengthens the position and role of constituent Republics and Autonomous Provinces. June 1968 Student riots in university centers. Student demands are similar to those elsewhere in Europe. 26 Dec 1968 The adoption of the constitutional amendments. Decentralisation of certain federal powers. Autonomous Provinces gained the status of a constituent part of the federation, although they did not become federal units like the Republics. 1968-71 “Croatian Spring” Movement. Demands for democratisation and higher level of decentralization, as well as autonomy of constituent Republics of the SFRY. Similar liberation movements elsewhere in SFRY. 11-15 March 1969 IX Congress of the Yugoslav Communist League – the old staff was replaced, while members of the new generation assumed leadership positions. A new standpoint was adopted on the Total National Defence. 1971 The Croatian Spring movement is crushed and democratic forces in Croatia are purged. Liberal movements in some other republics also terminated. June 1971 The adoption of the constitutional amendments. The competencies of the constituent Republics and Autonomous Provinces are strengthened. Their consent is needed for the adoption of core federal legislation. 1974 New Constitution of SFRY is promulgated. It establishes a federal-confederal relationship between the six constituent Republics. Main changes include the transformation of the composition of the collective Presidency of the SFRY by equal representation of the constituent Republics and the two Autonomous Provinces. The Constitution also establishes a de- 4 centralised military structure, comprising a federal JNA and distinct Territorial Defence Forces (TOs) established in each of the Republics, and subject to their staffing and control. 1980–1987 4 May 1980 President Tito dies. March 1981 Serious disturbances in Kosovo as the majority Albanian population demonstrates in support of its demand for an end to the privileged position of the Serbs in Kosovo and greater autonomy. The protests are suppressed violently. 1986 The Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) proposing a national programme for the achievement of “Greater Serbia” is published. Jan-Feb 1987 Serbs in Kosovo mount anti–Albanian demonstrations. 24 April 1987 Slobodan Milošević, the Chairman of the Serbian League of Communists, attends a meeting of Serbs in Kosovo Polje near Priština. In clashes between Serbs and local police he intervenes on the side of the Serbs, increasing the support amongst Serbs throughout Yugoslavia. May 1987 The SFRY adopts a new “Strategy for the Territorial Defence and Self Protection of the SFRY”, permitting the JNA for the first time to intervene directly in a case of threat to unity of the SFRY. September 1987 Slobodan Milošević takes over as the Head of the League of Communists of Serbia and launches an “anti- bureaucratic revolution” aimed at replacing the leadership of the Republics and Autonomous Provinces. October 1987 The Autonomous Province of Kosovo is placed under martial law. 1988 June Veljko Kadijević replaces Branko Mamula as SFRY Defence Minister. 9 July The first mass rally at Novi Sad initiated by militant Serbs from Kosovo backed by Serbian secret service and 5 aimed at replacing the leadership of that Autonomous Province. Oct-Nov Massive protests in Kosovo against the unconstitutional abrogation of the autonomy of the Province and the forced resignations of Azem Vllasi and other Albanian Kosovar leaders. 8 October The leadership of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina resigns under the pressure of mass rallies inspired by Milošević. 25 November Amendments to the 1974 SFRY Constitution. They stress the position of the Autonomous Provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina as constituent parts of Serbia and not only as constituent parts of the SFRY. 25 December SFRY