DOCSLIB.ORG

Law and Military Operations in Kosovo: 1999-2001, Lessons Learned For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES Center for Law and Military Operations (CLAMO) The Judge Advocate General’s School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS (CLAMO) Director COL David E. Graham Deputy Director LTC Stuart W. Risch Director, Domestic Operational Law (vacant) Director, Training & Support CPT Alton L. (Larry) Gwaltney, III Marine Representative Maj Cody M. Weston, USMC Advanced Operational Law Studies Fellows MAJ Keith E. Puls MAJ Daniel G. Jordan Automation Technician Mr. Ben R. Morgan Training Centers LTC Richard M. Whitaker Battle Command Training Program LTC James W. Herring Battle Command Training Program MAJ Phillip W. Jussell Battle Command Training Program CPT Michael L. Roberts Combat Maneuver Training Center MAJ Michael P. Ryan Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Peter R. Hayden Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Mark D. Matthews Joint Readiness Training Center SFC Michael A. Pascua Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Jonathan Howard National Training Center CPT Charles J. Kovats National Training Center Contact the Center The Center’s mission is to examine legal issues that arise during all phases of military operations and to devise training and resource strategies for addressing those issues. It seeks to fulfill this mission in five ways. First, it is the central repository within The Judge Advocate General's Corps for all-source data, information, memoranda, after-action materials and lessons learned pertaining to legal support to operations, foreign and domestic. Second, it supports judge advocates by analyzing all data and information, developing lessons learned across all military legal disciplines, and by disseminating these lessons learned and other operational information to the Army, Marine Corps, and Joint communities through publications, instruction, training, and databases accessible to operational forces, world-wide. Third, it supports judge advocates in the field by responding to requests for assistance, by engaging in a continuous exchange of information with the Combat Training Centers and their judge advocate observer- controllers, and by creating operational law training guides. Fourth, it integrates lessons learned from operations and the Combat Training Centers into emerging doctrine and into the curricula of all relevant courses, workshops, orientations, and seminars conducted at The Judge Advocate General’s School. Fifth, in conjunction with The Judge Advocate General’s School, it sponsors conferences and symposia on topics of interest to operational lawyers The contents of this report are not to be construed as official positions, policies, or decisions of the U.S. Army, The Judge Advocate General, the U.S. Marine Corps, or the Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps. The Center welcomes and solicits suggestions and contributions of relevant operational law materials from the field. LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS 15 DECEMBER 2001 LAw AND MILrrARY QPERAllONSIN Kosovo: 1999-2001 LA W AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN Kosovo, 1999-2001: LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES I. INTRODUCTION ~ 1 II. THE MILITARY OPERATIONS AND THEIR CONTEXT: A HISTORY OFKosovo s A. Introduction S B. Kosovo in the Early Years 11 C. Kosovo in RecentYears 23 III. OPERA TION ALLIED FORCE/T ASK FORCE HAWK/OPERATIONS AT CA~P AJJLE ~ENTRY, F~~OM ~~ A. Operation Allied Force 44 1. Command and Control 44 2. USEUCOM Lessons Learned 45 a. Agreement Must Be Reachedon the Applicability of the Law of Armed Conflict Prior to Commencementof Operations. 46 b. Targeting 48 1. The target review processdeveloped during Noble Anvil should be considered for future operations 48 2. Reemphasizethat the infliction of collateral damageis not a per se violation of intemationallaw. 50 3. Understand the ongoing debate over targeting the will of the enemy.... 51 3. AFSOUTH LessonsLearned 53 a. Many U.S. Judge Advocates Have an InadequateUnderstanding of the NATO Command Structure. 53 b. Staying Abreast of Rapidly Changing Diplomatic Efforts is Critical. 54 c. The Inability to Negotiate a Status of Forces Agreement Prior to the Arrival of Military Forces Creates Significant Problems. 55 1 - CENTER FOR LAW A.ND MILITARY OPERATIONS d. Be Prepared to Fulfill All Legal Missions Despite Inadequate Staffing and Resources : 56 B. Task Force Hawk 57 1. Overview 57 2. Lessons Learned 58 a. Targeting 58 1. Judge advocates must be in the Deep Operations Coordination Cell. 59 2. Develop a target review methodology and document decisions. 60 b. Rules of Engagement 62 1. Confusion over the chain of command has a direct impact on ROE development. 62 2. Expect disagreement over "templated" targets, counter-battery radar, r",'- c. Be anPrepared d " 0 bserve for d"PW filIes.Issues, Even if Not Engaged: in Ground Combat 63 64 d. Foreign Claims 66 1. Coordinate procedures for reaching outlying claimants given the security and logistical constraints. 67 2. Realize that local law may be difficult to ascertain and plan accordingly. 68 3. Understand the unique role that village elders can play in claims adjudication. 68 4. Interpreters provide essential support for claims adjudication. 69 5. Paying legitimate claims can be a force multiplier 69 e. Fiscal Law-Donation of Property Must Be Analyzed on a Case-by- Case Basis. 69 1. Consider a third-party transfer using an Acquisition and Cross- Servicing Agreement to donate property that is not excess. 70 2. Consider classifying property as "consumed" by the operation. 71 3. Realize the difficulty of classifying staple items as excess. 72 f. Contract Law Support Is Required Immediately. 73 g. Military Justice 74 1. Expect a General Order Number One. 74 2. Documenting jurisdictional alignment requires meticulous attention. ...74 3. Retaining jurisdiction over soldiers in the rear during a deployment will cause delays 75 4. On-call Trial Defense Services requires coordination. 75 h. Preparation, Personnel, and Equipment 76 i. Administrative Law 77 ii LAW ANDMILrrARyQpERAllONS IN Kosovo: 1999-2001 1. Operational tempo and the deployed environment can make administrative tasks more difficult. 77 2. Emphasize to the investigating officer that legal advice provided during the conduct of the investigation does not constitute legal review. 78 C. Camp Able Sentry, FYROM 78 1. Operating Without a Clearly Applicable Status of Forces Agreement Presents Legal Challenges. 79 2. Humanitarian Assistance Fiscal Law Issues Underscore the Importance ofJA Integration into the Staff and the Utilization of Technical Channel Support. 81 3. The Capture of the Three U.S. Soldiers Highlights the Need for a Senior and Impartial Investigating Officer. 83 IV. OPERATION JOINT GUARDIAN 84 A. Overview 84 1. Command and .Control 86 2. International Framework 89 a. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 89 b. United Nations in Kosovo Regulations 91 c. The Military Technical Agreement 92 d. The Undertaking of Demilitarization and Transformation of the UCK. ...93 e. Rambouillet Accords 93 f. The Kosovo Protection Corps/Commander Kosovo Force's Statement of g. NoticePrinciples ofCOMKFOR's Intent Regarding Entry of FRY and Republic of Serbia Forces in GSZ 95 h. Mission 95 B. International Law 97 1. Judge Advocates and Commanders Must Understand the International Legal Framework for the Military Mission. : 97 2. Rule of Law ' 98 a. Arrest, Investigation, Detention, and Trial of Non':members of the Force. 99 III-, r CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS 1. Line units must be prepared to discharge the policing function in the event that a law enforcement vacuum exists. 101 2. Soldiers must have an arrest standard they can understand 103 3. Prepare to operate a detention facility 104 4. Review conditions of the detention facility. 105 5. Judge Advocates should be familiar with detention facility doctrine... 106 6. Protect detainees' rights through a review process 107 7. Units must be prepared to detain individuals believed to be a threat to the force. 112 8. Independentevidence must be developed in addition to information gathered for intelligence purposes. 115 9. The criminal justice systemcan be manipulated by citizens to further ethnic bias. 116 b. Support to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia 116 1. Expect initial ICTY investigative teams to arrive with no support. 117 2. Provide a single point of contact to the ICTY. 118 3. Devise a systemto track and report war crimes locations within the Area of Responsibility. 118 c. Rule of Law Contains a Civil Component-"Property Repatriation" 119 3. Despite Operating Under Consent-BasedAgreements, Expect No SOFA 120 4. Joint Implementation Commission Operations 121 a. Use the JIC Proceedingsto Establish Legitimacy. 122 b. Review Taskings from Multinational Higher Headquartersfor Compliance with U.S. Law. 122 c. If the JIC is Responsible for Ensuring Compliance with an Agreement, Use a SuccessMatrix to Track Compliance Issues. 123 d. The JIC Can Provide Valuable Assistanceto JAs. 124 5. Brown & Root Operations and Status 124 6. Interagency Relationships 125 a. Expect NGOs to Criticize Decisions 126 b. Expect to Mentor InteragencyActors on the Mission and Possibly Their Roles. 126 c. Coordinate with NGOs for Joint Humanitarian Projects. 126 C. Rules of Engagement 127 1. Expect Difficulties with ROE in Coalition Operations. 128 a. Modifications to the ROE Will Be Difficult to Obtain 128 IV - LAW ANDMn..rrARYQPERAllONS IN Kosovo: 1999-2001 b. Requestsfor Modification to the ROE Should Be Submitted Through Both the Operational and National Chains of Command. 128 c. Actions in Self-Defense by U.S. Soldiers Are a U.S. Issue and Interpretations of Self-Defense Issues Should Remain in U.S. Legal and Operational Channels. 129 1. Out-of-Sector Exercises and Operations 129 2. Current Operations and Training 130 2. Individual and Leader ROE Training Must Be Done Before the Mission RehearsalExercise; Individual Training Should Focus on Self- Defense. 132 3. ROE Training Should Continue During the Mission and Should Incorporate Current Intelligence and Tactical Situations.
Recommended publications
  • Vice President Visits KFOR: VP Talks About the Importance of the National Guard and the KFOR Mission

    Vice President Visits KFOR: VP Talks About the Importance of the National Guard and the KFOR Mission

    VP Visits Polish Constitution Donating Help Kids Camp June 2009 Vol. 17, Issue 4 THE GGUARDIANUARDIANEAST Vice President Visits KFOR: VP talks about the importance of the National Guard and the KFOR mission Official magazine of Multi-National Task Force-East Aiming for Gold The Right Tune Misfits KFOR Timeline “Defeat Complacency” “Leadership Is Developmental” Brig. Gen. Keith D. Jones MNTF-E Commander Halfway there: I believe, during this edition of the Guardian East, it is absolutely appropriate to reflect on the fact that, with the advent of the month of June, we are halfway through our deployment. I’m sure that this is not only a reflection point for us here in Kosovo, but for family and friends who await our return to our respective home states. I would guess that, for most of us, the halfway mark has come fast. It certainly has for me. First, with a bit of nostalgia, it seems like yesterday we accepted our guidons and uncased colors: Task Force Med Falcon shared the uncasing of their colors in the clamshell along with members of the KOA and KOS medical community, the maneuver and aviation battalion task forces and Special Troops Battalion (STB) TOA’s uncased their colors in their respective South Town/North Town gyms and clamshells, the EOD accepted their guidon following the traditional EOD sendoff explosion (followed by a not-so-traditional snowball fight), STB’s HHC held a very dignified ceremony in the South Town Theater, following quote from FM 3-07, where it defines what it calls “the and the LMT and MP transferred guidons in appropriate and essence of Stability Operations” by stating that “time may be the dignified ceremonies.
  • Downloads/Reports/2016/Pdf/BTI 2016 Kosova.Pdf

    Downloads/Reports/2016/Pdf/BTI 2016 Kosova.Pdf

    Tourism governance in post-war transition: The case of Kosova REKA, Shqiperim Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24197/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24197/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. "Tourism governance in post-war transition: the case of Kosova" Shqiperim Reka A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2017 Abstract The aim of this research study was to examine tourism governance in post-war transition with specific reference to the influence of political, economic and social factors, institutional arrangements, collaboration and power relations. Within this context, a crucial objective was to assess the role of mindset. Reviewing the literature in relation to the key concepts, it was discovered that research tends to focus on political and economic transition, whereas the social dimension, despite its importance, is largely neglected. Similarly, tourism governance has been overlooked in studies of tourism in post-war transition. Furthermore, the literature on tourism governance rarely takes the issue of mindset into account. To address these gaps in knowledge, a qualitative research approach was applied to study tourism governance in post-war transitional Kosova.
  • Early Stored Program Computers

    Early Stored Program Computers

    Stored Program Computers Thomas J. Bergin Computing History Museum American University 7/9/2012 1 Early Thoughts about Stored Programming • January 1944 Moore School team thinks of better ways to do things; leverages delay line memories from War research • September 1944 John von Neumann visits project – Goldstine’s meeting at Aberdeen Train Station • October 1944 Army extends the ENIAC contract research on EDVAC stored-program concept • Spring 1945 ENIAC working well • June 1945 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC 7/9/2012 2 First Draft Report (June 1945) • John von Neumann prepares (?) a report on the EDVAC which identifies how the machine could be programmed (unfinished very rough draft) – academic: publish for the good of science – engineers: patents, patents, patents • von Neumann never repudiates the myth that he wrote it; most members of the ENIAC team contribute ideas; Goldstine note about “bashing” summer7/9/2012 letters together 3 • 1.0 Definitions – The considerations which follow deal with the structure of a very high speed automatic digital computing system, and in particular with its logical control…. – The instructions which govern this operation must be given to the device in absolutely exhaustive detail. They include all numerical information which is required to solve the problem…. – Once these instructions are given to the device, it must be be able to carry them out completely and without any need for further intelligent human intervention…. • 2.0 Main Subdivision of the System – First: since the device is a computor, it will have to perform the elementary operations of arithmetics…. – Second: the logical control of the device is the proper sequencing of its operations (by…a control organ.
  • Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153

    Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153

    Appendix 1 Technical Details of the Elliott 152 and 153 Introduction The Elliott 152 computer was part of the Admiralty’s MRS5 (medium range system 5) naval gunnery project, described in Chap. 2. The Elliott 153 computer, also known as the D/F (direction-finding) computer, was built for GCHQ and the Admiralty as described in Chap. 3. The information in this appendix is intended to supplement the overall descriptions of the machines as given in Chaps. 2 and 3. A1.1 The Elliott 152 Work on the MRS5 contract at Borehamwood began in October 1946 and was essen- tially finished in 1950. Novel target-tracking radar was at the heart of the project, the radar being synchronized to the computer’s clock. In his enthusiasm for perfecting the radar technology, John Coales seems to have spent little time on what we would now call an overall systems design. When Harry Carpenter joined the staff of the Computing Division at Borehamwood on 1 January 1949, he recalls that nobody had yet defined the way in which the control program, running on the 152 computer, would interface with guns and radar. Furthermore, nobody yet appeared to be working on the computational algorithms necessary for three-dimensional trajectory predic- tion. As for the guns that the MRS5 system was intended to control, not even the basic ballistics parameters seemed to be known with any accuracy at Borehamwood [1, 2]. A1.1.1 Communication and Data-Rate The physical separation, between radar in the Borehamwood car park and digital computer in the laboratory, necessitated an interconnecting cable of about 150 m in length.
  • KFOS LOCAL and INTERNATIONAL VOLUME II.Pdf

    KFOS LOCAL and INTERNATIONAL VOLUME II.Pdf

    EDITED BY IOANNIS ARMAKOLAS AGON DEMJAHA LOCAL AND AROLDA ELBASANI STEPHANIE SCHWANDNER- SIEVERS INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KOSOVO’S STATEHOOD VOLUME II LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KOSOVO’S STATEHOOD —VOLUME II EDITED BY: IOANNIS ARMAKOLAS AGON DEMJAHA AROLDA ELBASANI STEPHANIE SCHWANDNER-SIEVERS Copyright ©2021 Kosovo Foundation for Open Society. All rights reserved. PUBLISHER: Kosovo Foundation for Open Society Imzot Nikë Prelaj, Vila 13, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo. Issued in print and electronic formats. “Local and International Determinants of Kosovo’s Statehood: Volume II” EDITORS: Ioannis Armakolas Agon Demjaha Arolda Elbasani Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers PROGRAM COORDINATOR: Lura Limani Designed by Envinion, printed by Envinion, on recycled paper in Prishtina, Kosovo. ISBN 978-9951-503-06-8 CONTENTS ABOUT THE EDITORS 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12 INTRODUCTION 13 CULTURE, HERITAGE AND REPRESENTATIONS 31 — Luke Bacigalupo Kosovo and Serbia’s National Museums: A New Approach to History? 33 — Donjetë Murati and Stephanie Schwandner- Sievers An Exercise in Legitimacy: Kosovo’s Participation at 1 the Venice Biennale 71 — Juan Manuel Montoro Imaginaries and Media Consumptions of Otherness in Kosovo: Memories of the Spanish Civil War, Latin American Telenovelas and Spanish Football 109 — Julianne Funk Lived Religious Perspectives from Kosovo’s Orthodox Monasteries: A Needs Approach for Inclusive Dialogue 145 LOCAL INTERPRETATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL RULES 183 — Meris Musanovic The Specialist Chambers in Kosovo: A Hybrid Court between
  • On the Concealment of Ante Pavelić in Austria in 1945-1946

    On the Concealment of Ante Pavelić in Austria in 1945-1946

    UDK: 314.743(436)-05 Pavelić, A.''1945/1946'' Izvorni znanstveni članak Received: September 5, 2011 Accepted: November 7, 2011 ON THE CONCEALMENT OF ANTE PAVELIĆ IN AUSTRIA IN 1945-1946 Ante DELIĆ* Based on available American and British documents and thus-far unconsulted papers left behind by Ante Pavelić, the leader of the Independent State of Croatia, the author analyzes Pavelić’s concealment in Austria and the role of Western agencies therein. Some of the relevant literature indicates that the Catholic Church and Western agencies took part in Pavelić’s concealment. The author concludes that all such conjecture lacks any foundation in the available sources. Key words: Ante Pavelić, Western allies, extradition, Yugoslavia Historiography is generally familiar with the fate of the army of the Inde- pendent State of Croatia and the civilian population which, at the end of the war in early May 1945, withdrew toward Austria in fear of advancing commu- nist forces, with the aim of surrendering to the Allies. These people were ex- tradited to the Yugoslav army with the explanation that they would be treated in compliance with the international laws of war. As it transpired, this “treat- ment” was one of the most tragic episodes in the history of the Croatian nation, known under the terms Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross.1 A portion of these refugees who managed to elude this fate ended up in Allied refugee camps, mostly in Italy, Austria and Germany.2 However, even in these camps, besides * Ante Delić, MA, University of Zadar, Zadar, Republic of Croatia 1 Cf.
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online

    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online

    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
  • Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War

    Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War

    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Purdue University Press Book Previews Purdue University Press 4-2020 Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War Mate Nikola Tokić Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews Part of the European History Commons This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Central European Studies Charles W. Ingrao, founding editor Paul Hanebrink, editor Maureen Healy, editor Howard Louthan, editor Dominique Reill, editor Daniel L. Unowsky, editor Nancy M. Wingfield, editor The demise of the Communist Bloc a quarter century ago exposed the need for greater understanding of the broad stretch of Europe that lies between Germany and Russia. For four decades the Purdue University Press series in Central European Studies has enriched our knowledge of the region by producing scholarly monographs, advanced surveys, and select collections of the highest quality. Since its founding, the series has been the only English-language series devoted primarily to the lands and peoples of the Habsburg Empire, its successor states, and those areas lying along its immediate periphery. Among its broad range of international scholars are several authors whose engagement in public policy reflects the pressing challenges that confront the successor states. Indeed, salient issues such as democratization, censorship, competing national narratives, and the aspirations
  • Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New

    Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New

    Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania.
  • Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W

    Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W

    Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies Central European Studies Charles W. Ingrao, senior editor Gary B. Cohen, editor Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies A Scholars’ Initiative Edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert United States Institute of Peace Press Washington, D.C. D Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana Copyright 2009 by Purdue University. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Second revision, May 2010. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars’ Initiative / edited by Charles Ingrao and Thomas A. Emmert. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-55753-533-7 1. Yugoslavia--History--1992-2003. 2. Former Yugoslav republics--History. 3. Yugoslavia--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 4. Former Yugoslav republics--Ethnic relations--History--20th century. 5. Ethnic conflict-- Yugoslavia--History--20th century. 6. Ethnic conflict--Former Yugoslav republics--History--20th century. 7. Yugoslav War, 1991-1995. 8. Kosovo War, 1998-1999. 9. Kosovo (Republic)--History--1980-2008. I. Ingrao, Charles W. II. Emmert, Thomas Allan, 1945- DR1316.C66 2009 949.703--dc22 2008050130 Contents Introduction Charles Ingrao 1 1. The Dissolution of Yugoslavia Andrew Wachtel and Christopher Bennett 12 2. Kosovo under Autonomy, 1974–1990 Momčilo Pavlović 48 3. Independence and the Fate of Minorities, 1991–1992 Gale Stokes 82 4. Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995 Marie-Janine Calic 114 5. The International Community and the FRY/Belligerents, 1989–1997 Matjaž Klemenčič 152 6. Safe Areas Charles Ingrao 200 7. The War in Croatia, 1991–1995 Mile Bjelajac and Ozren Žunec 230 8. Kosovo under the Milošević Regime Dusan Janjić, with Anna Lalaj and Besnik Pula 272 9.
  • Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3

    Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3

    Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others.
  • Violence in Kosovo

    Violence in Kosovo

    VIOLENCE IN KOSOVO: Who's Killing Whom? Amended version ICG Balkans Report N°78 Prishtinë/Pristina - London - Washington, 2 November 1999 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1 II. RADICALISED KOSOVO ALBANIANS................................................................ 3 III. THE KLA TARGETING MINORITIES ................................................................... 5 IV. SERB PARAMILITARIES ..................................................................................... 8 V. CRIMINALS FROM ALBANIA ............................................................................ 10 VI. POLITICAL RIVALS............................................................................................ 12 A. Bujar Bukoshi and the LDK......................................................................................12 B. The KLA and its Political Adherents......................................................................... 13 VII. THE SECURITY SHORTFALL............................................................................ 14 VIII. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 15 IX. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 17 A. Internal Security.......................................................................................................17 B. Deradicalising the Albanian Majority .......................................................................