DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloads/Reports/2016/Pdf/BTI 2016 Kosova.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloads/Reports/2016/Pdf/BTI 2016 Kosova.Pdf Tourism governance in post-war transition: The case of Kosova REKA, Shqiperim Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24197/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24197/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. "Tourism governance in post-war transition: the case of Kosova" Shqiperim Reka A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2017 Abstract The aim of this research study was to examine tourism governance in post-war transition with specific reference to the influence of political, economic and social factors, institutional arrangements, collaboration and power relations. Within this context, a crucial objective was to assess the role of mindset. Reviewing the literature in relation to the key concepts, it was discovered that research tends to focus on political and economic transition, whereas the social dimension, despite its importance, is largely neglected. Similarly, tourism governance has been overlooked in studies of tourism in post-war transition. Furthermore, the literature on tourism governance rarely takes the issue of mindset into account. To address these gaps in knowledge, a qualitative research approach was applied to study tourism governance in post-war transitional Kosova. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 56 stakeholders from different sectors of Kosova’s tourism industry and beyond; these were examined using thematic analysis based on Robson’s (2011) five phases. Political, economic and social conditions were found to strongly influence tourism governance; therefore, it is argued that tourism governance cannot be determined without considering these dimensions. In particular, the findings emphasise the importance of acknowledging the social dimension of transition, since, if there is no societal change and advancement from the pre-war era, it obstructs political and economic transition processes, through crucial aspects, for example, educational barriers. Overall, tourism governance was found to be constrained by weak institutional arrangements, limited collaborative efforts, imbalanced power relations between the central government and tourism institutions and high level of politicisation. Thus, the conditions of tourism governance largely reflect the overall conditions of transition in post-war Kosova. A key finding of this study is the importance of ‘mindset’ in being an integral part to Kosova’s transition, and particularly, tourism governance. The findings were used to develop a theoretical framework that can guide future research. I Table of contents Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 1.1. Context of the study ............................................................................................... 1 1.2. Key concepts of this study ..................................................................................... 3 1.2.1. Post-war transition .......................................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Tourism in post-war transition........................................................................ 4 1.2.3. Tourism governance ........................................................................................ 5 1.2.4. Mindset ........................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Research problem .................................................................................................. 8 1.4. Aim and objectives ............................................................................................... 10 1.5. Methodological considerations ........................................................................... 11 1.6. Structure of the thesis .......................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Research location – Kosova .................................................................... 16 2.1. Key characteristics................................................................................................ 16 2.2. Kosova's political, economic and social history ................................................... 18 Kosova under Tito's Yugoslavia (up to 1989) .......................................................... 18 Pre-war tension and resistance (1989-1997) .......................................................... 20 The war in Kosova (1998-1999) .............................................................................. 25 Post-war transition: Kosova under UNMIK (1999-2007) ........................................ 26 Post-war transition: New Born Kosova (2008-present) .......................................... 28 2.3. Challenges of post-war transition ........................................................................ 30 Political challenges .................................................................................................. 30 Economic challenges ............................................................................................... 31 Social challenges ..................................................................................................... 33 2.4. Tourism in Kosova ................................................................................................ 34 Tourism in Kosova under the former Socialist Yugoslavia ...................................... 34 Tourism in Kosova in post-war transition ............................................................... 35 2.5. Summary .............................................................................................................. 36 Chapter 3. Literature Review .................................................................................. 38 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 38 II 3.2. Post-war transition ............................................................................................... 40 3.2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 40 3.2.2. Definition and understanding of ‘post-war transition’ ................................. 40 3.2.3. Dimensions of post-war transition................................................................ 42 3.2.4. Summary ....................................................................................................... 50 3.3. Implications of post-war transition on the role of tourism ................................. 51 3.4. Tourism governance ............................................................................................. 54 3.4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 54 3.4.2. Definition and understanding 'governance' ................................................. 55 3.4.3. Institutional arrangements ........................................................................... 60 3.4.4. Collaboration ................................................................................................. 62 3.4.5. Power relations ............................................................................................. 65 3.5. Mindset ................................................................................................................ 70 3.5.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 70 3.5.2. Understanding ‘mindset’............................................................................... 71 3.5.3. Mindset in post-war transition ..................................................................... 72 3.5.4. Mindset in tourism governance (in post-war transition).............................. 74 3.6. Conceptual framework......................................................................................... 75 3.7. Chapter summary ................................................................................................. 79 Chapter 4. Methodology ......................................................................................... 83 4.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 83 4.2. Philosophical perspective .................................................................................... 83 4.2.1. Ontological, epistemological and axiological assumptions .......................... 83 4.2.2. Personal background and familiarity ............................................................ 85 4.3. Methodological approach .................................................................................... 86 4.4. Research methods ................................................................................................ 89 4.5. Sampling ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The First Illyrian War: a Study in Roman Imperialism
    The First Illyrian War: A Study in Roman Imperialism Catherine A. McPherson Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal February, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts ©Catherine A. McPherson, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ……………………………………………….……………............2 Abrégé……………………………………...………….……………………3 Acknowledgements………………………………….……………………...4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………5 Chapter One Sources and Approaches………………………………….………………...9 Chapter Two Illyria and the Illyrians ……………………………………………………25 Chapter Three North-Western Greece in the Later Third Century………………………..41 Chapter Four Rome and the Outbreak of War…………………………………..……….51 Chapter Five The Conclusion of the First Illyrian War……………….…………………77 Conclusion …………………………………………………...…….……102 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..104 2 Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study in early Roman imperialism in the Greek East: the First Illyrian War (229/8 B.C.), Rome’s first military engagement across the Adriatic. It places Roman decision-making and action within its proper context by emphasizing the role that Greek polities and Illyrian tribes played in both the outbreak and conclusion of the war. It argues that the primary motivation behind the Roman decision to declare war against the Ardiaei in 229 was to secure the very profitable trade routes linking Brundisium to the eastern shore of the Adriatic. It was in fact the failure of the major Greek powers to limit Ardiaean piracy that led directly to Roman intervention. In the earliest phase of trans-Adriatic engagement Rome was essentially uninterested in expansion or establishing a formal hegemony in the Greek East and maintained only very loose ties to the polities of the eastern Adriatic coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Europe Report, Nr. 153: Pan-Albanianism
    PAN-ALBANIANISM: HOW BIG A THREAT TO BALKAN STABILITY? 25 February 2004 Europe Report N°153 Tirana/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 A. THE BURDENS OF HISTORY...................................................................................................2 B. AFTER THE FALL: CHAOS AND NEW ASPIRATIONS................................................................4 II. THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ANA......................................................................... 7 III. ALBANIA: THE VIEW FROM TIRANA.................................................................. 11 IV. KOSOVO: INTERNAL DIVISIONS ......................................................................... 14 V. MACEDONIA: SHOULD WE STAY OR SHOULD WE GO? ............................... 17 VI. MONTENEGRO, SOUTHERN SERBIA AND GREECE....................................... 20 A. ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT?................................................................................20 B. THE PRESEVO VALLEY IN SOUTHERN SERBIA....................................................................22 C. THE GREEK QUESTION........................................................................................................24 VII. EMIGRES, IDENTITY AND THE POWER OF DEMOGRAPHICS ................... 25 A. THE DIASPORA: POLITICS AND CRIME.................................................................................25
    [Show full text]
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
    Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • The Continuing Challenge of Refugee Return in Bosnia & Herzegovina
    THE CONTINUING CHALLENGE OF REFUGEE RETURN IN BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA 13 December 2002 Balkans Report N°137 Sarajevo/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................i I. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 II. RETURN AND DISPLACEMENT IN 2002...................................................................4 III. NATIONALIST STEREOTYPES AND THE POLITICAL IMPACT OF RETURN...............................................................................................................................5 IV. CREATING SPACE FOR RETURN OR RELOCATION?........................................7 A. RECONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE........................................................................................ 7 B. PROPERTY REPOSSESSION ................................................................................................ 9 C. RETURNING TO SELL? .....................................................................................................11 D. ILLEGAL LAND ALLOCATION TO REFUGEES: DEMOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING CONTINUES .....11 V. REASONS NOT TO RETURN.......................................................................................14 A. DISCRIMINATION IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY...................................................................14 B. MONO-ETHNIC INSTITUTIONS..........................................................................................16 C. SECURITY.......................................................................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Military Operations in Kosovo: 1999-2001, Lessons Learned For
    LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES Center for Law and Military Operations (CLAMO) The Judge Advocate General’s School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS (CLAMO) Director COL David E. Graham Deputy Director LTC Stuart W. Risch Director, Domestic Operational Law (vacant) Director, Training & Support CPT Alton L. (Larry) Gwaltney, III Marine Representative Maj Cody M. Weston, USMC Advanced Operational Law Studies Fellows MAJ Keith E. Puls MAJ Daniel G. Jordan Automation Technician Mr. Ben R. Morgan Training Centers LTC Richard M. Whitaker Battle Command Training Program LTC James W. Herring Battle Command Training Program MAJ Phillip W. Jussell Battle Command Training Program CPT Michael L. Roberts Combat Maneuver Training Center MAJ Michael P. Ryan Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Peter R. Hayden Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Mark D. Matthews Joint Readiness Training Center SFC Michael A. Pascua Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Jonathan Howard National Training Center CPT Charles J. Kovats National Training Center Contact the Center The Center’s mission is to examine legal issues that arise during all phases of military operations and to devise training and resource strategies for addressing those issues. It seeks to fulfill this mission in five ways. First, it is the central repository within The Judge Advocate General's Corps for all-source data, information, memoranda, after-action materials and lessons learned pertaining to legal support to operations, foreign and domestic. Second, it supports judge advocates by analyzing all data and information, developing lessons learned across all military legal disciplines, and by disseminating these lessons learned and other operational information to the Army, Marine Corps, and Joint communities through publications, instruction, training, and databases accessible to operational forces, world-wide.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Manchesterhive.Com at 09/26/2021 09:13:57AM Via Free Access Sonic Ethnography
    VOICES ACROSS THE OCEAN: 5 RECORDED MEMORIES AND DIASPORIC IDENTITY IN THE ARCHIVE OF GIUSEPPE CHIAFFITELLA Nicola Scaldaferri In this chapter, the topics explored in the book are approached from a new perspective, deriving from the analysis of a private archive, dating from the twentieth century, which includes written texts, photos, films and, above all, sound recordings. Thanks to these media we can retrace the story of an immigrant who, especially through his recordings of songs and voices of distant relatives, was able to reinforce the sense of community among emigrants in the USA. In this case, the community is no longer a local one, confined to a single village or a small regional circuit, but a diasporic community whose identity must be understood on a wider transnational scale. Music and sound continue to play a crucial role in giving a meaning to its identity thanks to their strong evocative function and nostalgic component (Pistrick 2015). However, in addition to music-making practices, an even more important role is that of sound recordings. Emigrants who recorded on tape voices, musical instruments or church bells were able to offer them to their diasporic community through the magnifying glass of acousmatic listening, whereby sound is sepa- rated from its original source, to ‘focus the listener on some intrinsic feature of the sound’ (Kane 2014: 29). In this case, the sound itself, now separated from its source and confined to a new magnetic sup- port, becomes more powerful and evocative, with an emotional charge which sometimes can be even stronger than its live performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Albanian Catholic Bulletin Buletini Katholik Shqiptar
    ISSN 0272 -7250 ALBANIAN CATHOLIC BULLETIN PUBLISHED PERIODICALLY BY THE ALBANIAN CATHOLIC INFORMATION CENTER Vol.3, No. 1&2 P.O. BOX 1217, SANTA CLARA, CA 95053, U.S.A. 1982 BULETINI d^M. jpu. &CU& #*- <gP KATHOLIK Mother Teresa's message to all Albanians SHQIPTAR San Francisco, June 4, 1982 ALBANIAN CATHOLIC PUBLISHING COUNCIL: ZEF V. NEKAJ, JAK GARDIN, S.J., PJETER PAL VANI, NDOC KELMENDI, S.J., BAR­ BULLETIN BARA KAY (Assoc. Editor), PALOK PLAKU, RAYMOND FROST (Assoc. Editor), GJON SINISHTA (Editor), JULIO FERNANDEZ Volume III No.l&2 1982 (Secretary), and LEO GABRIEL NEAL, O.F.M., CONV. (President). In the past our Bulletin (and other material of information, in­ cluding the book "The Fulfilled Promise" about religious perse­ This issue has been prepared with the help of: STELLA PILGRIM, TENNANT C. cution in Albania) has been sent free to a considerable number WRIGHT, S.J., DAVE PREVITALE, JAMES of people, institutions and organizations in the U.S. and abroad. TORRENS, S.J., Sr. HENRY JOSEPH and Not affiliated with any Church or other religious or political or­ DANIEL GERMANN, S.J. ganization, we depend entirely on your donations and gifts. Please help us to continue this apostolate on behalf of the op­ pressed Albanians. STRANGERS ARE FRIENDS News, articles and photos of general interest, 100-1200 words WE HAVEN'T MET of length, on religious, cultural, historical and political topics about Albania and its people, may be submitted for considera­ tion. No payments are made for the published material. God knows Please enclose self-addressed envelope for return.
    [Show full text]
  • The Albanian Case in Italy
    Palaver Palaver 9 (2020), n. 1, 221-250 e-ISSN 2280-4250 DOI 10.1285/i22804250v9i1p221 http://siba-ese.unisalento.it, © 2020 Università del Salento Majlinda Bregasi Università “Hasan Prishtina”, Pristina The socioeconomic role in linguistic and cultural identity preservation – the Albanian case in Italy Abstract In this article, author explores the impact of ever changing social and economic environment in the preservation of cultural and linguistic identity, with a focus on Albanian community in Italy. Comparisons between first major migration of Albanians to Italy in the XV century and most recent ones in the XX, are drawn, with a detailed study on the use and preservation of native language as main identity trait. This comparison presented a unique case study as the descendants of Arbëresh (first Albanian major migration) came in close contact, in a very specific set of circumstances, with modern Albanians. Conclusions in this article are substantiated by the survey of 85 immigrant families throughout Italy. The Albanian language is considered one of the fundamental elements of Albanian identity. It was the foundation for the rise of the national awareness process during Renaissance. But the situation of Albanian language nowadays in Italy among the second-generation immigrants shows us a fragile identity. Keywords: Language identity; national identity; immigrants; Albanian language; assimilation. 221 Majlinda Bregasi 1. An historical glance There are two basic dialect forms of Albanian, Gheg (which is spoken in most of Albania north of the Shkumbin river, as well as in Montenegro, Kosovo, Serbia, and Macedonia), and Tosk, (which is spoken on the south of the Shkumbin river and into Greece, as well as in traditional Albanian diaspora settlements in Italy, Bulgaria, Greece and Ukraine).
    [Show full text]
  • PATOSI Traditë - Kulturë Qershor 2019
    PATOSI Traditë - Kulturë qershor 2019 Traditë dhe Kulturë 1 Përmbajtja -PATOSI Monumentet e Kultit Informacion i përgjithshëm Manastiri i Shën Trifonit dhe Kultura të ndryshme, një qytet Kishat e Sheqishtes Greva e Naftëtarëve -RUZHDIE të Patosit 7 - 11 Mars 1927 Informacion i përgjithshëm Nafta Zharrëz Rezervuari i Ruzhdies Nafta Ruzhdie Monumentet e Kultit Ulliri Mekami i Drenies Flora dhe Fauna Varri i Baba Mustafait (të gjatit) Monumentet e Kulturës Monumentet e Natyrës Kalaja e Margëlliçit Ujvarat në kanionin e Siqecës Margëlliçi, dëshmitar i terrakotës së Rrapi i Zhugrit Afërditës -TRADITA MYZEQARE Tuma e Patosit Dasma Myzeqare Ura e Ofiçinës Bujqësia dhe Blegtoria Monumentet e Kultit Oda Myzeqare Kisha e “Shën Mëhillit” dhe Kishat e -TRADITA MALLAKASTRIOTE tjera të Sheqishtes Bujqësia dhe Blegtoria Monumentet e Natyrës Oda Mallakastriote Rrepet e Peshkëpijave -VESHJET KARAKTERISTIKE Punimet artizanale POPULLORE Disa nga objektet e hershme Veshjet Myzeqare kulturore Veshjet Mallakastriote -ZHARRËZA Veshjet Vllehe Informacion i përgjithshëm Veshjet Çame Vllehët në Myzeqe FESTIVALI “STREET ART” Rezervuari i Zharrzës Monumentet e Kulturës Novosela 2 Traditë dhe Kulturë “Patosi, Traditë - Kulturë”, është një botim i cili vjen në kuadër të Trashëgimisë Kulturore. Revista prezanton qytetin në aspektin e etnokulturor dhe historik, në funksion të komunitetit vendas dhe gjithë atyre që dëshirojnë ta vizitojnë atë nga afër. Patosi është zhvilluar si një qëndër e re banimi dhe shërbimi social për naftëtarët dhe familjet e tyre, të cilët e populluan qytetin dhe krijuan shtresime të larmishme social- kulturore të pasura me traditën dhe psikologjinë e zonave nga vinin. Lindja e qyteteve që vihet re në shekujt IV - III krijoi kushtet për zhvillimin e një prodhimtarie zejtare shumëdegëshe, e cila çoi në zgjerimin e veprimtarisë së tyre tregëtare si dhe rritjen e gjithanshme të ekonomisë monetare1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.8.Traditional Culture New.Pmd
    143 TRADITIONAL CULTURE 2.8. TRADITIONAL CULTURE By Prof. Dr. Andromaqi Gjergji There are two main ethnographic groupings in Albania, con- solidated as early as the mid-18th century, known as Gegëria that is located north of Shkumbin River and Toskëria south of it. Gegëria is comprised of Gegëria proper, Dukagjini, or Leknia, the Highlands and the Northern Coastal Fields, while Toskëria includes Toskëria proper, Myzeqeja, Labëria and Çamëria. Naturally, within these geo- graphic regions there are other smaller sub- divisions. 2.8.1.Traditional way of life As of the Middles Ages, the settle- ments in Albania had achieved some stability and had well-defined boundaries separating one village from another. The boundaries were marked off by large stones driven into the ground, heaps of sods, streams or brooks and rivers, signs carved in the bark of trees in woody places and so on. Destruction of such signs and fences was considered a great of- fense. Villagers knew very well the boundaries of his own village and “Folk Games” by was able to distinguish them readily by mentioning the relevant tradi- Abdurrahim Buza, oil on tional toponyms, as it is common with adresses even today in canvas, 1971 cities. The territory within the boundaries of the village used to in- clude the grounds around the dwellings, courtyards and gardens. The land and territory division by property was followed with agricul- ture and upward with the pastures and parts of the mountain forest belonging to the village. In many parts of Albania, such a division of village territories remained strictly unchanged until the years of the World War I, espe- cially in districts where free peasantry lived.
    [Show full text]
  • The Differential Impact of War and Trauma on Kosovar Albanian Women Living in Post-War Kosova
    The Differential Impact of War and Trauma on Kosovar Albanian Women Living in Post-War Kosova Hanna Kienzler Department of Anthropology McGill University, Montreal June 2010 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © 2010 Hanna Kienzler Abstract The war in Kosova had a profound impact on the lives of the civilian population and was a major cause of material destruction, disintegration of social fabrics and ill health. Throughout 1998 and 1999, the number of killings is estimated to be 10,000 with the majority of the victims being Kosovar Albanian killed by Serbian forces. An additional 863,000 civilians sought or were forced into refuge outside Kosova and 590,000 were internally displaced. Moreover, rape and torture, looting, pillaging and extortion were committed. The aim of my dissertation is to rewrite aspects of the recent belligerent history of Kosova with a focus on how history is created and transformed through bodily expressions of distress. The ethnographic study was conducted in two Kosovar villages that were hit especially hard during the war. In both villages, my research was based on participant observation which allowed me to immerse myself in Kosovar culture and the daily activities of the people under study. The dissertation is divided into four interrelated parts.The first part is based on published accounts describing how various external power regimes affected local Kosovar culture, and how the latter was continuously transformed by the local population throughout history. The second part focuses on collective memories and explores how villagers construct their community‟s past in order to give meaning to their everyday lives in a time of political and economic upheaval.
    [Show full text]