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ACTIVE FLOOD DEFENCE in CROATIA: Regulatory Framework, Roles & Responsibilities

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Workshop on Flood Risk Management measures & links to EU WFD November 11-12, 2015, Zagreb, Croatia ACTIVE FLOOD DEFENCE IN CROATIA: regulatory framework, roles & responsibilities Zoran Đurokovi ć, M.Sc.C.E. Croatian Waters Main Flood Protection Centre Head of Main Centre ∗ Climate change has intensified in recent years worldwide, including Croatia ∗ Extremely dry and wet periods have been alternating frequently in the last approximately 15 years ∗ Damage from extreme hydrological events is increasing ∗ “Average” or “normal” years are becoming increasingly rarer ∗ The frequency of high water waves and extreme water levels including floods is increasing ∗ There are almost no longer any rules concerning the occurrence of high water waves ∗ Forecasting climate models indicate increasingly frequent extreme climate events, both globally and locally ∗ Only in the last 15 years or so, the major part of the Croatian territory has experienced frequent extreme hydrological events which caused droughts in the years 2000, 2003, 2011 and 2012, but also floods in the years 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 ∗ Heavy damage is recorded, primarily in agriculture, but settlements, infrastructure and industrial facilities are also at risk ∗ Still, unlike in many other countries, major fatalities and disastrous damage in the urban areas have been avoided in Croatia ∗ Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be completely prevented. However, flood risks can be reduced to an acceptable level through constant development of flood defense systems and construction of water protection and regulation structures and implementation of flood defense measures ∗ Large highland regions with heavy rainfall, wide valleys of lowland watercourses, big towns and valuable assets in the areas potentially at risk, and partially insufficiently developed protective systems, make Croatia rather vulnerable to floods ∗ Around 15% of the Croatian mainland is under potential flood risk ∗ The major part of the mainland is protected from floods but at different levels of safety The Vuka R. – Danube R., Vukovar, June 2013 ∗ As of late, floods occur even where no one expects them ∗ Increasing high water events and new maximum water levels are recorded on many watercourses (Mura, Sava, Kupa, Korana, Mrežnica, Glina, Sunja, Ilova, Orljava,…) The Mura River, 2005 ∗ For that reason, Hrvatske vode has initiated large-scale activities in order to address the hot spots, i.e. reconstruct and extend particular parts of the flood defence system, as well as in order to construct new water regulation and protection structures for the purpose of further development of the flood defence system ∗ 3,935 km of watercourses of first order ∗ 17,000 km of watercourses of second order ∗ 4,100 km of dikes ∗ 60 multipurpose reservoirs with a total volume of 1.0 billion m 3 ∗ 44 upland retarding basins ∗ 5 large natural retarding basins with a total volume exceeding 2.0 billion m 3 (Odransko polje, Lonjsko polje, Mokro polje, Zelenik, and Kopački rit) ∗ 3 large flood relief canals (Sava-Odra, Lonja-Strug, Kupa-Kupa) ∗ 2 connecting canals (Zelina-Lonja-Glogovnica-Česma, Ilova-Pakra) ∗ 900 km of lateral canals ∗ 9 drainage tunnels in the total length of app. 17.3 km ∗ Plenty minor water regulation and protection structures ∗ In flood defence, great importance is given to the preservation of extensive floodplains or natural retarding basins in Croatia which receive large volumes of floodwaters, thus reducing the flood risk FLOOD DEFENCE IN CROATIA Bodies responsible for flood defence: ∗ Ministry of Agriculture ∗ Hrvatske vode (Croatian Waters) ∗ Companies certified for works in implementation of preventive, regular and emergency flood defence ∗ National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) ∗ National Protection and Rescue Directorate ∗ Units of local and regional self-government ∗ Other competent state administration bodies ∗ Pursuant to the Water Act, flood defence is managed by Hrvatske vode ∗ Flood defence activities are emergency service ∗ Operational flood risk management and immediate implementation of flood defence measures are regulated by: - National Flood Defence Plan - Master Flood Defence Implementation Plan - Flood Defence Implementation Plans for defended areas ∗ Hrvatske vode also drafts planning documents for flood protection foreseen by the Water Act: - Flood Risk Management Plan - River Basin Management Plan - Long-Term Programme for Construction of Water Regulation and Protection Structures and Amelioration Structures (adopted by the Croatian Government) NATIONAL FLOOD DEFENCE PLAN ∗ The National Flood Defence Plan is adopted by the Government. ∗ It regulates: - Territorial units for flood defence - Flood defence stages - Flood defence measures - Bodies responsible for flood defence - Management of flood defence, incl. obligations and rights of the flood defence managers - Contents of flood defence implementation plans - An early warning system and a communications system MASTER FLOOD DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (July 2015) ∗ The Master Flood Defence Implementation Plan and the Flood Defence Implementation Plans for defended areas in Croatia are adopted by Hrvatske vode. ∗ The Master Plan is publicly available at the website of HV (www.voda.hr ) ∗ It contains: - Overview of territorial units for immediate implementation of flood defence measures (including the numbers and references of sections and other required data) in the defended areas by sectors and the associated water protection facilities on which flood defence measures or measures for protection from ice on watercourses are implemented - Section-specific water levels at which state of alert, regular and emergency flood defence, and state of emergency are proclaimed - Criteria for defence from ice on watercourses - The deployment of flood defence managers and their deputies from Hrvatske vode, and of legal entities and their managers and deputies registered for the activities of flood defence and defence from ice on watercourses, as well as the deployment of flood defence managers from legal entities managing dams and reservoirs - Obligations of the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) to collect and submit data, forecasts and warnings about hydrometeorological phenomena significant for flood defence - Instructions for the preparation of reports on the implemented flood defence measures - A map delineating the borders of defended areas. SECTORS AND DEFENDED AREAS FOR FLOOD DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION Defended areas Sectors and borders of defended areas in Croatia FLOOD DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION ∗ Flood defence in the Republic of Croatia is implemented in territorial units for flood defence: - River basin districts - Sectors - Defended areas - Sections ∗ The Republic of Croatia is divided in 2 river basin districts, 6 sectors and 34 defended areas ∗ Defended areas are divided in several sections FLOOD DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION ∗ River basin districts are territorial units for planning and reporting within flood risk management ∗ Flood risk is estimated, flood hazard maps and flood risk maps are prepared, flood risk management plans are made on the level of a river basin district ∗ Water Act defines the Danube River Basin and the Adriatic Sea Basin, borders between river basin districts are determined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia ∗ Sectors are main operative territorial units for flood defence implementation ∗ Coordination and operative management of flood defence is conducted on the sector level in all defended areas within sector borders FLOOD DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION ∗ Defended areas are basic units for flood defence implementation ∗ Operative flood defence management is conducted in the level of defended areas, orders by the main Flood Defence Centre and from the sector level are implemented, and in case there is no order, independent action during flood defence is provided ∗ Sections are the lowest territorial units within defended areas where in case flood danger occurs states are monitored and flood defence is directly implemented on water protection structures ∗ Number and references of individual sections are defined by the Master Flood Defence Implementation Plan EXTRACT FROM MASTER FLOOD DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (July 2015) MAIN FLOOD DEFENCE CENTER ∗ The Main Flood Defence Centre (MFDC) is established as the central organizational unit of Hrvatske vode for the management of regular and emergency flood defence on the national level. ∗ The MFDC is the place of central management and main coordination and the place where a flood defence communications and notification system is established . ∗ The MFDC provides expert and technical support to the general manager of flood defence. ∗ The MFDC is seated in the headquarters of Hrvatske vode in Zagreb; ∗ The MFDC includes flood defence centres on the level of all 6 sectors on the territory of the Republic of Croatia. FLOOD DEFENCE MANAGEMENT ∗ Flood defence is managed by the general manager of flood defence, the manager of the Main Flood Defence Centre, and managers of flood defence by territorial units (sectors, defended areas and sections) ∗ General manager of flood defence is General Manager of Hrvatske vode ∗ Each sector, defended area and each individual section has its flood defence manager and his/her deputy ∗ The deployment of appointed flood defence managers and their deputies forms an integral part of the Master Flood Defence Implementation Plan. STAGES OF FLOOD DEFENCE ∗ Master Flood Defence Implementation
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  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia

    Memorial of the Republic of Croatia

    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation