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Cira Domínguez Tazón Director: José Ramón Aja Sánchez
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Grado en Historia La mujer en el poder político del Egipto Antiguo: ¿Reinas o corregentes? The Woman in Political Power in Ancient Egypt: Queens or Regents? Autora: Cira Domínguez Tazón Director: José Ramón Aja Sánchez Curso 2014 / 2015 Resumen (Abstract) Palabras clave (Keywords) ÍNDICE 1. Introducción………………………………………………………….……….…..….3 1.1. La corregencia femenina en el Egipto Dinástico………………….….….……4 1.2. El mito y la teogonía en el trasfondo del tema………….…………..…...….....5 1.3. Naturaleza del trabajo, objetivos y fuentes antiguas sobre el tema.…….…..9 2. Catálogo………………………………………………………………….….…........11 2.1. La reina Merneith (Dinastía I)………………………………………….…….13 2.2. La reina Jentkaus I (Dinastía V)…………………………………...….….…..18 2.3. La reina Nitocris (Dinastía VI)………………………………………….…....24 2.4. La reina Sobekneferu: (Dinastía XII)………………………………………..28 2.5. La reina Hatshepsut: (Dinastía XVIII)………………………………….…..32 2.6. La reina Tausert: (Dinastía XIX)……………………………………….…...38 2.7. La reina Cleopatra (Dinastía Ptolemaica)……………………………..….....43 3. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………..……....48 4. Índices……………………………………………………………………….….…..51 5. Bibliografía…………………………………………………………………….…..52 1 Título: La mujer en el poder político del Egipto Antiguo: ¿Reinas o corregentes? Title: The Woman in Political Power in Ancient Egypt: Queens or Regents? Autora: Cira Domínguez Tazón (Universidad de Cantabria) Resumen: El trono y poder político de Egipto, como también la administración y las instituciones del Estado, estaban reservados sólo a los varones. Ésta fue la situación general habida en el Mundo Antiguo, de la que Egipto no fue excepción. No obstante, este trabajo se centra en un pequeño grupo de mujeres que gobernaron el país, bien como reinas de hecho (temporalmente), o bien como auténticos monarcas (indefinidamente y ostentando incluso los títulos y los atributos de los faraones). -
Cleopatra: Egypt’S Last Pharaoh
1. WEBSITE DEFINITION: Name: Leah Morrison Website: Cleopatra: Egypt’s last Pharaoh Purpose: A biography of Cleopatra’s life and discuss her role as the last pharaoh of Egypt and her legacy. Intended audience: 1. Teachers and students studying ancient Egypt 2. Student researching ancient civilizations 3. Students researching famous female rulers 4. Students and young adults who are interested in Egyptian history and Cleopatra 5. Students and young adults who are interested in curses and dramatic history 6. Students researching ancient Rome and Ceasar Objectives: 1. To discuss Cleopatra’s life and reign 2. To increase the amount of interest in Cleopatra’s life and reign 3. To increase viewer traffic on the National Geographic and History websites’ Cleopatra pages 4. To increase a younger audience base interested in Egyptian history 5. To increase social media shares/reblogs on Egyptian history or Cleopatra 2. CONTENT OUTLINE: Home page: Title: Home Header: Cleopatra: Egypt’s Last Pharaoh 5 Primary links: Home, Family, Reign, Marriage, Death, and Legacy, Contact Us 6 Secondary links: Ascension to the Throne, Caesar, Mark Antony, Curses, Photo Gallery Copy/text: (2 – 3 short paragraphs of 3-5 sentences each explaining purpose of site): Excerpts from the featured pages and slider titles 3-6 Primary slider visuals: (Include a thumbnail and title for each image) The Drama of Cleopatra’s Love Affairs, Cleopatra’s Curse, The Queen’s Claim of Divinity 3-6 Secondary thumbnail visuals: (Include a thumbnail and title for each image) Primary pages Primary pages #1 Title: Family Subtitle: Cleopatra’s Family and Power Struggle Subtitles for each subtopic on the page: Cleopatra’s Lineage and Upbringing, Sibling Rivalry Links in addition to the sites primary and secondary links: Copy/text for each topic covered on the page (1- 3 short paragraphs max for each subtopic) Though much research has been done about Cleopatra’s life, she is still a mystery to us. -
PERSPECTIVES on PTOLEMAIC THEBES Oi.Uchicago.Edu Ii
oi.uchicago.edu i PERSPECTIVES ON PTOLEMAIC THEBES oi.uchicago.edu ii Pre-conference warm-up at Lucky Strike in Chicago. Standing, left to right: Joseph Manning, Ian Moyer, Carolin Arlt, Sabine Albersmeier, Janet Johnson, Richard Jasnow Kneeling: Peter Dorman, Betsy Bryan oi.uchicago.edu iii O CCASIONAL PROCEEdINgS Of THE THEBAN WORkSHOP PERSPECTIVES ON PTOLEMAIC THEBES edited by Pete R F. DoRMAn and BetSy M. BRyAn Papers from the theban Workshop 2006 StuDIeS In AnCIent oRIentAL CIvILIzAtIon • nuMBeR 65 the oRIentAL InStItute oF the unIveRSIty oF ChICAgo ChICAgo • ILLInois oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2001012345 ISBN-10: 1-885923-85-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-885923-85-1 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 2011 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2011. Printed in the United States of America. studIeS IN ANCIeNT orIeNTAL CIvILIzATIoN • NUmBer 65 The orIeNTAL INSTITUTe of The UNIverSITy of ChICAgo Chicago • Illinois Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas g. Urban Series Editors’ Acknowledgments rebecca Cain, françois gaudard, foy Scalf, and Natalie Whiting assisted in the production of this volume. Cover and Title Page Illustration Part of a cosmogonical inscription of Ptolemy vIII euergetes II at Medinet habu (Mh.B 155). Photo by J. Brett McClain Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ANSI z39.48-1984. -
成王,I.Ch., Casou -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws
136-Sobekemsaf II Sekhemré Sehedjtaui, 1º Faraó da 133a-Adão e Eva 17ª dinastia (em Tebas) 132a- Shet 135-Nebiryerawaet I 131a- Enosh 134-Sobkemsaf (Sebekamzaf) (n.1630AC) 130a- Kenan 133-Sekenenre Tao I, Faraó em Tebas 129a- Mahalalel 132-Ahnotep (Ahotop) I 128a- Yered 131- Ahmose I, 1º Faraó do Império Novo e da 18ª d. 127a- Chanokh 130-Amenhotep I, Faraó do Egipto 126a- Metushelach 129-Amhose (Aahmes II), Rainha do Egipto (Matusalém) 128-Hatshepsot, 5ª Rainha da 18ª Dinastia 125a- Lamekh 127-Meryetre 124a-Noach (Noé) 126-Amenhotep II, 7º Faraó da 18ª Dinastia 123a-Shem 125-Thutmose IV, 8º Faraó da 18ª Dinastia 122a-Arpakhshad 124-Amenhotep III, 9º Faraó da 18ª Dinastia 121a-Shelach 97b-Tam-Fu 100e-HERCULES , herói épico 123-AKHENATON (Amenhotep IV), “o faraó 120a-Ever grego, à sua descendência (m1327AC) herege”10º FARAÓ da 18ª Dinastia, 119a-Peleg chama-se a Heraclidae 96b-Tschan-Fu, casou com a sua irmã NEFERTITI 118a-Re'u 99e-Hyllus Duque de Tschou 122-Ankhesenpaaten I, herdeira, casou com 117a-Serug 98e-Cleodaeus 95b-Kilik, Duque de Smenkhare, com Tutankhamon (que há quem 116a-Nahor 97e-Aristomachus Tschou suponha que fosse seu irmão) e com o seu pai, 115a-Terah, rei de Agade 96e-Temenus [Timenos], Rei de 94b-Li-Wah com o qual foi mãe de: 114a- Avraham( ABRAÃO ) Argos, fundador da Dinastia (m1200AC) 121-Ankhesenpaaten II 113a-Isaac Temenida, irmão de Aristodemus, 93b-Tscheng I Wang 120-Rameses I, 2º Faraó da 19ª Dinastia 112a-Jacob Rei de Lacadaemon [Esparta], e (m1168AC) 119-SETI , Faraó, casou com Thuya, bisneta de 111a-Judah (Judas) de Cresphontes, Rei de Messene 92b-Tschang-Wen- Amenhotep III e da sua 3ª esposa, a irmã de 110a-Hezron [Thessalía] Suppiluliumas, Rei dos Hititas 109a-Ram (Aram), príncepe Wang, Rei de Tschou 95e-Ceisus, Rei de Argos 118-RAMESES II “O Grande”, 4º Faraó da 19ª D. -
Cleopatra Was the Last Pharaoh of Egypt, and the Last of the Ptolemy Dynasty of Egyptian Rulers
CLEOPATRA WAS THE LAST PHARAOH OF EGYPT, AND THE LAST OF THE PTOLEMY DYNASTY OF EGYPTIAN RULERS Cleopatra VII Background: The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt. Ptolemy, one of the seven somatophylakes (bodyguards) who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed governor of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In 305 BC, he declared himself Ptolemy I. The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemy’s as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII. The timeline of the life of Cleopatra VII: Cleopatra VII was born in early 69 BC in Alexandria, Egypt. The name Cleopatra symbolises ‘glory of the father’. She was one of the five children of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V of Egypt. There is no record of Cleopatra's mother after her birth, leaving her father to be her primary influence. Her sibling’s names included Berenike IV, Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. In 58 BC, her father Ptolemy XII was expelled from Egypt and fled to Rome with Cleopatra VII. His other daughter Berenike IV seized the throne in his absence, but by 55 BC, Rome’s leaders reinstalled him, and executed Berenike IV, making Cleopatra VII the next in line for the throne. -
EGYPTIAN ROYAL ANCESTRY Abt
GRANHOLM GENEALOGY EGYPTIAN ROYAL ANCESTRY Abt. 1600–800, 305-30 BC Great Pyramid, Egypt 1 INTRODUCTION “Egypt is a gift from Nile” was the first we learned in grade school about Egypt. In genealogy, we can well claim that Egypt has given us the gift of the earliest ancestral history thanks to its hieroglyphs and other sources now readily available via Internet. There are several sources connecting us to Egyptian ancestors but I have here picked one, listed first, “Byzantine Emperors”, which ties together several of our other ancestral lineages, which I have described in other books. This one lists our ancestors from a most recent (generation 1) to the earliest (generation 87). This sequence is different from most computer genealogy reports which list the lineages from to earliest person to the present. Besides the information in this list, I have gone further back in time using Wikipedia and some other Internet sources. In my lineage list, shown next, I have those of our ancestors highlighted, for which additional information has been provided in the main text. This list ends with Neithiyti Princess of Egypt (81st great grandmother). She was married to Cyrus II the Great King of Persia, our ancestor listed in the Persian Royal Ancestry. Another list is included and ends with the famous Cleopatra and the end of the Egyptian empire as it then became part of the Roman Empire as shown in Roman Early Ancestry. This time period is included in the 1945 novel by Mika Waltari, titled The Egyptian, which is set during the reign of 18th dynasty pharaoh Akhenaten. -
Axumities Awaken, Egypt Hearken!
Axumities Awaken, Egypt Hearken! By Yared Huluf - 14- 05 - 20 Prelud e Aksumites, awaken! Egypt, Hearken! If you have ears to listen Open your eyes to vision. Relax your mind to reason Cast away illusion And you will not be panic stricken. Taphephobia you shall no longer reckon In the desert sand as coutiers did often Watching the pharaohs lie unrotten. For Tigray will no more be concern. The water is yours, you have won. If only you and your champions Leave Tigray to go it alone, And give back the land stolen --------------------------------------------------------- Main Body To begin I would like to reiterate Mani (216 - 274 AD) the founder of the Manichaeism religion of the Sassanian Empire, who stated that the Aksumite Empire was one of four great kingdoms (Roman, Persian and Chinese Empires) of the ancient world stretching from 100 BC - 900 AD. To outline and state the significance of this world power, we must account for its assets and achievements. Aksum produced and exported wheat, barley, myrrh, ivory and gold which was brought by the Nile through to the district called Cyeneum (ስሜን) and then on to Askum city. These goods were subsequently distributed to the rest of the world either via five day caravan trips to Adulis or up through Meroe to Egypt according to Perplus of the Erythraean Sea. Aksum had abundant gold, silver, bronze and copper mining fields that made it possible to mint coins as superior as that of Roman and Persian mintage. That said however, Aksum fared worse compared to its contemporary empires and its past glory. -
NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #16 | OCTOBER–NOVEMBER 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ Discoverdiscover Ancientancient Egyptegypt Todaytoday
NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #16 | OCTOBER–NOVEMBER 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ DiscoverDiscover AncientAncient EgyptEgypt TodayToday The Latest DISCOVERIES KLEOPATRA SELENE The Last Ptolemy Going Underground: ROYAL TOMBS of the 18th Dynasty SPIRIT BIRDS PRELOVED? WHEN DESPERATE TIMES MEANT HAND-ME-DOWN COFFINS NILE ALEXANDRE MACIEIRA / RIOTUR © A 2016 handout photo of two young visitors The coffin was brought to Brazil in 1826 to the National Museum! of Brazil admiring the by Nicolau Fiengo, an Italian merchant who coffin of Harsiese% _ ! (“Horus, son of Isis”). had purchased a collection of antiquities b _ Inside is an image of the goddess Nut with in Marseille (France), likely to have been open and extended arms—ready, it seems, to excavated by Giovanni Belzoni. It was embrace the mummy that the coffin once purchased and donated to the museum by held. Harsiese was a priest at Karnak Temple Dom Pedro I, Brazil’s first Emperor. The during the 26th Dynasty (ca. 664–525 B.C.). current fate of Harsiese’s coffin is not known. n the night of September 2, a major fire devas- world, one of the most pressing needs now is to create a tated the National Museum of Brazil in Rio de digital record of the lost collection. To assist the museum, OJaneiro, gutting the centuries-old museum build- the Committee for Egyptian Collections of the Interna- ing. Firefighters and desperate employees dashed into the tional Council of Museums (CIPEG) has requested that burning building to try and save whatever they could carry past visitors contribute their photos to an online reposi- out. -
Cleopatra : Last Queen of Egypt
CLEOPATRA B Z7hB 7B6 Cleopatra.indb i 6/12/07 14:50:25 also by joyce tyldesley For Adults Daughters of Isis: Women of Ancient Egypt Hatchepsut: the Female Pharaoh Nefertiti: Egypt’s Sun Queen Th e Mummy Ramesses: Egypt’s Greatest Pharaoh Judgement of the Pharaoh: Crime and Punishment in Ancient Egypt Th e Private Lives of the Pharaohs Egypt’s Golden Empire Pyramids: Th e Real Story Behind Egypt’s Most Ancient Monuments Tales from Ancient Egypt Egypt: How a Lost Civilization was Rediscovered Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt Egyptian Games and Sports For children Mummy Mysteries: Th e Secret World of Tutankhamun and the Pharaohs Egypt (Insiders) Stories from Ancient Egypt Cleopatra.indb ii 6/12/07 14:50:25 CLEOPATRA LAST QUEEN OF EGYPT B Z7hB 7B6 JOYCE TYLDESLEY Cleopatra.indb iii 6/12/07 14:50:25 First published in Great Britain in 2008 by PROFILE BOOKS LTD 3a Exmouth House Pine Street London ec1r 0jh www.profi lebooks.com Copyright © Joyce Tyldesley, 2008 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Designed by Sue Lamble Typeset in Adobe Garamond by MacGuru Ltd [email protected] Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays, Bungay, Suff olk Th e moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. -
The Reign of Cleopatra
THE REIGN OF CLEOPATRA Stanley M. Burstein GREENWOOD PRESS THE REIGN OF CLEOPATRA Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Ancient World The Peloponnesian War Lawrence Tritle THE REIGN OF CLEOPATRA Stanley M. Burstein Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Ancient World Bella Vivante, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London To the memory of Dr. Miriam Lichtheim (1914–2004), distinguished Egyptologist and teacher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burstein, Stanley Mayer. The reign of Cleopatra / by Stanley M. Burstein. p. cm.—(Greenwood guides to historic events of the ancient world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32527–8 (alk. paper) 1. Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, d. 30 B.C. 2. Egypt—History—332–30 B.C. 3. Queens—Egypt—Biography. I. Title. II. Series. DT92.7.B87 2004 932'.021'092—dc22 2004014672 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2004 by Stanley M. Burstein All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004014672 ISBN: 0–313–32527–8 First published in 2004 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Excerpts from Business Papers of the Third Century B.C. Dealing with Palestine and Egypt, vol. 2, ed. -
Ptolemy X Alexander I (110-109 BC; 107-88 BC)
• جامعة املنيا- لكية الس ياحة والفنادق • قسم ا إلرشاد الس يايح- الفرقة الثانية • مقرر: اترخي مرص يف العرصيني اليوانين والروماين • عنوان احملارضة: مرص حتت حمك بطلميوس التاسع حىت بطلميوس الثاين عرش • أس تاذ املادة: د/ يرسي النشار •الربيد الالكرتوين لﻻس تفسارات: [email protected] Ptolemy IX Soter II (116-110 BC; 109-107 BC; 88-81 BC) & Ptolemy X Alexander I (110-109 BC; 107-88 BC) Ptolemy IX Soter II Ptolemy X Alexander I Family & Rule • Ptolemy IX was the son of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II and Cleopatra III. • In 116 BC Ptolemy VIII died and left the throne for Cleopatra III, who wanted her younger son Ptolemy X to reign with her. However, the Alexandrians wanted her older son Ptolemy IX to co-reign. • He was king of Egypt three times (116-110; 109-107; 88-81 BC), with intervening periods ruled by his brother Ptolemy X. • He was nicknamed as Lathyros, which literally means ‘grass pea’, but it may refer to a kind of disease. (الحمص) ’Lathyros ‘chickpea Lathyrism Neurolathyrism is a neurological disease of humans and domestic animals, caused by long-term feeding/eating of seeds of certain legumes of the genus Lathyrus. There is gradual weakness of muscles followed by paralysis leading to death due to respiratory failure. •In 110 BC, Cleopatra III claimed that Ptolemy IX tried to kill her, and successfully deposed him, putting her favourite son Ptolemy X on the throne as co-regent with her. •In 109 BC, Cleopatra III grew tired of Ptolemy X and deposed him, putting Ptolemy IX back on the throne. -
The Ambiguity of Antony and Cleopatra: Interrupting Phallocentric Schemes of Objectification Through the Mutual Gaze Sydney Paluch Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2017 The Ambiguity of Antony and Cleopatra: Interrupting Phallocentric Schemes of Objectification through the Mutual Gaze Sydney Paluch Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons Recommended Citation Paluch, Sydney, "The Ambiguity of Antony and Cleopatra: Interrupting Phallocentric Schemes of Objectification through the Mutual Gaze" (2017). Honors Theses. 66. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/66 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i The Ambiguity of Antony and Cleopatra: Interrupting Phallocentric Schemes of Objectification through the Mutual Gaze By Sydney Paluch ******** Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Departments of English and Political Science UNION COLLEGE December, 2016 ii ABSTRACT PALUCH, SYDNEY An analysis of Simone de Beauvoir’s theory of ambiguity as applied to William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra. English and Political Science Departments, January 2017. ADVISORS: Professor Patricia Wareh and Professor Lori Marso This thesis proposes an alternative to the male gaze, using Simone de Beauvoir’s theory of ambiguity in order to understand the subversive sexual politics underlying Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra. The concept of the male gaze was first identified in feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey’s article “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema,” which explains how film is explicitly constructed around the male gaze.