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Cleopatra II and III: the Queens of Ptolemy VI and VIII As Guarantors of Kingship and Rivals for Power
Originalveröffentlichung in: Andrea Jördens, Joachim Friedrich Quack (Hg.), Ägypten zwischen innerem Zwist und äußerem Druck. Die Zeit Ptolemaios’ VI. bis VIII. Internationales Symposion Heidelberg 16.-19.9.2007 (Philippika 45), Wiesbaden 2011, S. 58–76 Cleopatra II and III: The queens of Ptolemy VI and VIII as guarantors of kingship and rivals for power Martina Minas-Nerpel Introduction The second half of the Ptolemaic period was marked by power struggles not only among the male rulers of the dynasty, but also among its female members. Starting with Arsinoe II, the Ptolemaic queens had always been powerful and strong-willed and had been a decisive factor in domestic policy. From the death of Ptolemy V Epiphanes onwards, the queens controlled the political developments in Egypt to a still greater extent. Cleopatra II and especially Cleopatra III became all-dominant, in politics and in the ruler-cult, and they were often depicted in Egyptian temple- reliefs—more often than any of her dynastic predecessors and successors. Mother and/or daughter reigned with Ptolemy VI Philometor to Ptolemy X Alexander I, from 175 to 101 BC, that is, for a quarter of the entire Ptolemaic period. Egyptian queenship was complementary to kingship, both in dynastic and Ptolemaic Egypt: No queen could exist without a king, but at the same time the queen was a necessary component of kingship. According to Lana Troy, the pattern of Egyptian queenship “reflects the interaction of male and female as dualistic elements of the creative dynamics ”.1 The king and the queen functioned as the basic duality through which regeneration of the creative power of the kingship was accomplished. -
The History of Ancient Egypt “Passionate, Erudite, Living Legend Lecturers
“Pure intellectual stimulation that can be popped into Topic Subtopic the [audio or video player] anytime.” History Ancient History —Harvard Magazine The History of Ancient Egypt “Passionate, erudite, living legend lecturers. Academia’s best lecturers are being captured on tape.” —The Los Angeles Times The History “A serious force in American education.” —The Wall Street Journal of Ancient Egypt Course Guidebook Professor Bob Brier Long Island University Professor Bob Brier is an Egyptologist and Professor of Philosophy at the C. W. Post Campus of Long Island University. He is renowned for his insights into ancient Egypt. He hosts The Learning Channel’s popular Great Egyptians series, and his research was the subject of the National Geographic television special Mr. Mummy. A dynamic instructor, Professor Brier has received Long Island University’s David Newton Award for Teaching Excellence. THE GREAT COURSES® Corporate Headquarters 4840 Westfields Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, VA 20151-2299 Guidebook USA Phone: 1-800-832-2412 www.thegreatcourses.com Cover Image: © Hemera/Thinkstock. Course No. 350 © 1999 The Teaching Company. PB350A PUBLISHED BY: THE GREAT COURSES Corporate Headquarters 4840 Westfi elds Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, Virginia 20151-2299 Phone: 1-800-TEACH-12 Fax: 703-378-3819 www.thegreatcourses.com Copyright © The Teaching Company, 1999 Printed in the United States of America This book is in copyright. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of The Teaching Company. -
Kings & Events of the Babylonian, Persian and Greek Dynasties
KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN, PERSIAN, AND GREEK DYNASTIES 612 B.C. Nineveh falls to neo-Babylonian army (Nebuchadnezzar) 608 Pharaoh Necho II marched to Carchemesh to halt expansion of neo-Babylonian power Josiah, King of Judah, tries to stop him Death of Josiah and assumption of throne by his son, Jehoahaz Jehoiakim, another son of Josiah, replaced Jehoahaz on the authority of Pharaoh Necho II within 3 months Palestine and Syria under Egyptian rule Josiah’s reforms dissipate 605 Nabopolassar sends troops to fight remaining Assyrian army and the Egyptians at Carchemesh Nebuchadnezzar chased them all the way to the plains of Palestine Nebuchadnezzar got word of the death of his father (Nabopolassar) so he returned to Babylon to receive the crown On the way back he takes Daniel and other members of the royal family into exile 605 - 538 Babylon in control of Palestine, 597; 10,000 exiled to Babylon 586 Jerusalem and the temple destroyed and large deportation 582 Because Jewish guerilla fighters killed Gedaliah another last large deportation occurred SUCCESSORS OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR 562 - 560 Evil-Merodach released Jehoiakim (true Messianic line) from custody 560 - 556 Neriglissar 556 Labaski-Marduk reigned 556 - 539 Nabonidus: Spent most of the time building a temple to the mood god, Sin. This earned enmity of the priests of Marduk. Spent the rest of his time trying to put down revolts and stabilize the kingdom. He moved to Tema and left the affairs of state to his son, Belshazzar Belshazzar: Spent most of his time trying to restore order. Babylonia’s great threat was Media. -
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators this is max size of image at 200 dpi; the sil is low res and for the comp only. if approved, needs to be redone carefully American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts © 2006 American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum. All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational American Federation of Arts purposes. 212.988.7700 800.232.0270 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues, and interim address: develops education programs. 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1514 New York, NY 10168 after April 1, 2007: 305 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x26 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary to Date Oklahoma City Museum of Art Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 7–November 26, 2006 The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Jacksonville, Florida December 22, 2006–March 18, 2007 North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh, North Carolina April 15–July 8, 2007 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History Albuquerque, New Mexico November 16, 2007–February 10, 2008 Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art, History and Science Fresno, California March 7–June 1, 2008 Design/Production: Susan E. -
Cira Domínguez Tazón Director: José Ramón Aja Sánchez
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Grado en Historia La mujer en el poder político del Egipto Antiguo: ¿Reinas o corregentes? The Woman in Political Power in Ancient Egypt: Queens or Regents? Autora: Cira Domínguez Tazón Director: José Ramón Aja Sánchez Curso 2014 / 2015 Resumen (Abstract) Palabras clave (Keywords) ÍNDICE 1. Introducción………………………………………………………….……….…..….3 1.1. La corregencia femenina en el Egipto Dinástico………………….….….……4 1.2. El mito y la teogonía en el trasfondo del tema………….…………..…...….....5 1.3. Naturaleza del trabajo, objetivos y fuentes antiguas sobre el tema.…….…..9 2. Catálogo………………………………………………………………….….…........11 2.1. La reina Merneith (Dinastía I)………………………………………….…….13 2.2. La reina Jentkaus I (Dinastía V)…………………………………...….….…..18 2.3. La reina Nitocris (Dinastía VI)………………………………………….…....24 2.4. La reina Sobekneferu: (Dinastía XII)………………………………………..28 2.5. La reina Hatshepsut: (Dinastía XVIII)………………………………….…..32 2.6. La reina Tausert: (Dinastía XIX)……………………………………….…...38 2.7. La reina Cleopatra (Dinastía Ptolemaica)……………………………..….....43 3. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………..……....48 4. Índices……………………………………………………………………….….…..51 5. Bibliografía…………………………………………………………………….…..52 1 Título: La mujer en el poder político del Egipto Antiguo: ¿Reinas o corregentes? Title: The Woman in Political Power in Ancient Egypt: Queens or Regents? Autora: Cira Domínguez Tazón (Universidad de Cantabria) Resumen: El trono y poder político de Egipto, como también la administración y las instituciones del Estado, estaban reservados sólo a los varones. Ésta fue la situación general habida en el Mundo Antiguo, de la que Egipto no fue excepción. No obstante, este trabajo se centra en un pequeño grupo de mujeres que gobernaron el país, bien como reinas de hecho (temporalmente), o bien como auténticos monarcas (indefinidamente y ostentando incluso los títulos y los atributos de los faraones). -
Humbaba Research Packet.Pdf
HUMBABA Research Packet Compiled by Cassi Schiano and Christine Scarfuto CONTENTS: History of the Epic of Gilgamesh Summary of the Epic (and the Twelve Tablets) Character Info on Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and Humbaba Brief Historical Info: Babylon Ancient Rome The Samurai Colonial England War in Afghanistan 1 History of The Epic of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is epic poetry from Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literature. The story revolves around a relationship between Gilgamesh (probably a real ruler in the late Early Dynastic II period ca. 27th century BC) and his close male companion, Enkidu. Enkidu is a wild man created by the gods as Gilgamesh's equal to distract him from oppressing the citizens of Uruk. Together they undertake dangerous quests that incur the displeasure of the gods. Firstly, they journey to the Cedar Mountain to defeat Humbaba, its monstrous guardian. Later they kill the Bull of Heaven that the goddess Ishtar has sent to punish Gilgamesh for spurning her advances. The latter part of the epic focuses on Gilgamesh's distressed reaction to Enkidu's death, which takes the form of a quest for immortality. Gilgamesh attempts to learn the secret of eternal life by undertaking a long and perilous journey to meet the immortal flood hero, Utnapishtim. Ultimately the poignant words addressed to Gilgamesh in the midst of his quest foreshadow the end result: "The life that you are seeking you will never find. When the gods created man they allotted to him death, but life they retained in their own keeping." Gilgamesh, however, was celebrated by posterity for his building achievements, and for bringing back long-lost cultic knowledge to Uruk as a result of his meeting with Utnapishtim. -
Cleopatra: Egypt’S Last Pharaoh
1. WEBSITE DEFINITION: Name: Leah Morrison Website: Cleopatra: Egypt’s last Pharaoh Purpose: A biography of Cleopatra’s life and discuss her role as the last pharaoh of Egypt and her legacy. Intended audience: 1. Teachers and students studying ancient Egypt 2. Student researching ancient civilizations 3. Students researching famous female rulers 4. Students and young adults who are interested in Egyptian history and Cleopatra 5. Students and young adults who are interested in curses and dramatic history 6. Students researching ancient Rome and Ceasar Objectives: 1. To discuss Cleopatra’s life and reign 2. To increase the amount of interest in Cleopatra’s life and reign 3. To increase viewer traffic on the National Geographic and History websites’ Cleopatra pages 4. To increase a younger audience base interested in Egyptian history 5. To increase social media shares/reblogs on Egyptian history or Cleopatra 2. CONTENT OUTLINE: Home page: Title: Home Header: Cleopatra: Egypt’s Last Pharaoh 5 Primary links: Home, Family, Reign, Marriage, Death, and Legacy, Contact Us 6 Secondary links: Ascension to the Throne, Caesar, Mark Antony, Curses, Photo Gallery Copy/text: (2 – 3 short paragraphs of 3-5 sentences each explaining purpose of site): Excerpts from the featured pages and slider titles 3-6 Primary slider visuals: (Include a thumbnail and title for each image) The Drama of Cleopatra’s Love Affairs, Cleopatra’s Curse, The Queen’s Claim of Divinity 3-6 Secondary thumbnail visuals: (Include a thumbnail and title for each image) Primary pages Primary pages #1 Title: Family Subtitle: Cleopatra’s Family and Power Struggle Subtitles for each subtopic on the page: Cleopatra’s Lineage and Upbringing, Sibling Rivalry Links in addition to the sites primary and secondary links: Copy/text for each topic covered on the page (1- 3 short paragraphs max for each subtopic) Though much research has been done about Cleopatra’s life, she is still a mystery to us. -
Who Succeeded Xerxes on the Throne of Persia?
Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 12/1 (Spring 2001): 83Ð88. Article copyright © 2001 by William H. Shea. Who Succeeded Xerxes on the Throne of Persia? William H. Shea A standard interpretation of ancient Persian history in the mid-5th century B.C. is that Artaxerxes I followed his father on the throne after Xerxes was murdered. This interpretation has been developed from the classical writers, the king lists, and the datelines on contract tables from Babylonia which follow this order. Since there is a late Hellenistic astronomical text which dates the murder of Xerxes in the fifth Persian-Babylonian month, or August, the transition be- tween these two kings has been dated in the summer of 465 B.C., about forty days before the Jewish New Year of 1 Tishri. If the Jews, like Ezra, used a fall- to-fall calendar and accession year reckoning, those forty days would have served as ArtaxerxesÕ accession period or Year 0, and his first full year of reign would have begun on 1 Tishri in 465 B.C. That would also make his seventh year extend from the fall of 459 to the fall of 458, not from the fall of 458 to the fall of 457, as Adventist interpreters have held. But this problem is complicated by two factors. First, there was the politi- cal turmoil after the murder of Xerxes. Second, there is the lack of any sources dated to Artaxerxes in the last half of 465 B.C. The Artaxerxes sources can be reviewed as follows: 1. Persian sources. -
Three Days Cairo Trip from Marsa Alam by Flight
MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] Three Days Cairo trip From Marsa Alam By Flight Type Run Duration Pick up Private Every Monday 3 Days/ 2 Nights 10:00 AM Cairo Three days tour from Marsa Alam, Visit Cairo highlights. You will visit the Giza pyramids, the Egyptian museum, the citadel, The old Cairo, Memphis, Sakkara and Dashour. Inclusions: Exclusions: Qualified Egyptologist guide during Any Extras not mentioned in the the 3-day trips. itinerary Flight ticket { Hurghada/Cairo- Tipping Cairo/Hurghada}. All transfers by a private air- The Price for groups: conditioned vehicle. Private tour for 2 Persons 600 Two nights in Cairo in 5 stars $ Per Person Entrance fees to all the mentioned Private tour for 3 Persons 590 sites. $ Per Person Hotel pickup and drop off. Private tour for 4 Persons 580 $ Bottled water on board the vehicle Per Person during the tour Private tour for 5 Persons 570 $ Lunch meals during the tours. Per Person Shopping tours in Cairo Private tour for 6-9 Persons 560 $ All Service charges & taxes Per Person Private tour for child 350 $ Per child Private trip for Single traveller 800 $ Per person Itinerary: Three days excursion to Cairo from Marsa Alam ,Enjoy Cairo highlights. On the First day You will visit Giza pyramids, The sphinx On the second day you will visit the Egyptian museum,the citadel of Saladin,The Mosque of Mohamed Ali, Old Cairo, de Coptic Cairo the hanging Church and the old Bazaar Khan el Khalil, on the Third day,Visit Memphis,Sakkara and Dahsour page 1 / 5 MARSA ALAM TOURS 00201001058227 [email protected] Days Table First Day :Day 1 Marsa Alam- Giza Marsaalamtours Tours representative will pick you up from your hotel in Marsa Alam to transfer to Hurghada Airport. -
ART and ARCHAEOLOGY Vocabulary ART and ARCHAEOLOGY Vocabulary Version 1.1 (Last Updated: 2018-01-22)
- Institute for Scientific and Technical Information - ART and ARCHAEOLOGY Vocabulary ART and ARCHAEOLOGY Vocabulary Version 1.1 (Last updated: 2018-01-22) Controlled vocabulary used for indexing bibliographical records for the "Art and Archaeology" FRANCIS database (1972-2015, http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/ ). This resource contains 1960 entries grouped into 133 collections. A French version of this resource is also available. The resource is browsable online on the terminological portal Loterre: https://www.loterre.fr Legend • Syn: Synonym. • → : Corresponding Preferred Term. • FR: French Preferred Term. • ES: Spanish Preferred Term. • DE: German Preferred Term. • BT: Broader Term. • SC: Semantic Category. • DO: Subject Field. • URI: Concept's URI (link to the online view). This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: TABLE OF CONTENTS Alphabetical Index 4 Terminological Entries 5 List Of Entries 140 Collections 183 Alphabetical Index from 'Abd al-Samad to 'Abd al-Samad p. 6 -6 from 10th century AD to 1st millenium BC p. 9 -9 from 20th century AD to 2nd millenium BC p. 11 -11 from 30th century BC to 3rd millenium BC p. 12 -12 from 4th century AD to 4th millenium BC p. 13 -13 from 5th century AD to 5th millenium BC p. 14 -14 from 6th century AD to 6th dynasty p. 15 -15 from 7th century AD to 7th dynasty p. 16 -16 from 8th century AD to 8th dynasty p. 17 -17 from 9th century AD to 9th dynasty p. 18 -18 from Abassid dynasty to Aztec Civilization p. 19 -27 from baboon to Byzantium p. -
Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
Answers Research Journal 4 (2011):127–159. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v4/ancient-egyptian-chronology-genesis.pdf Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis Matt McClellan, [email protected] Abstract One of the most popular topics among young earth creationists and apologists is the relationship of the Bible with Ancient Egyptian chronology. Whether it concerns who the pharaoh of the Exodus was, the background of Joseph, or the identity of Shishak, many Christians (and non-Christians) have wondered how these two topics fit together. This paper deals with the question, “How does ancient Egyptian chronology correlate with the book of Genesis?” In answering this question it begins with an analysis of every Egyptian dynasty starting with the 12th Dynasty (this is where David Down places Moses) and goes back all the way to the so called “Dynasty 0.” After all the data is presented, this paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each of these dynasties lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the Patriarchs. Keywords: Egypt, pharaoh, Patriarchs, chronology, Abraham, Joseph Introduction Kingdom) need to be revised. This is important During the past century some scholars have when considering the relationship between Egyptian proposed new ways of dating the events of ancient history and the Tower of Babel. The traditional dating history before c. 700 BC.1 In 1991 a book entitled of Ancient Egyptian chronology places its earliest Centuries of Darkness by Peter James and four of dynasties before the biblical dates of the Flood and his colleagues shook the very foundations of ancient confusion of the languages at Babel. -
Timeline Notes
Timeline Notes 3100 - 2950 BCE Hieroglyphs – language of symbols – designed. Used for records – buying and selling Wrote on scrolls 2950 BCE Memphis – capital city of Egypt – 770 years - built 2950 - 2575 BCE First Egyptian pyramid – built 70ms tall – made limestone Still stands today 2575 - 2150 BCE Great pyramids of Giza – built Built for pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure Built – western desert – 5 miles from banks of River Nile Seven wonders of the world 2125 - 1975 BCE Egypt is divided – North and South North – ruled by Memphis South – ruled by Thebes 1975 - 1640 BCE Egypt is reunited – under pharaoh Mentuhotep II Technology to smelt and cast bronze – statues designed and built. 1630 - 1520 BCE Hyksos Rulers invaded North-East Egypt Brought new technology, culture and customs Hykos Kings expelled – Pharaoh Ahmose I 1539 - 1075 BCE Great Pharaohs ruled 10 year rule – Tutankhamun – began 1332 BCE – died 18 1017 - 715 BCE Nubians conquered Egypt – built own dynasty of Pharaohs – Shabaka and Taharqa Built/restored temples and pyramids - Nile Valley 525 BCE Persians conquer Egypt Invaded and defeated Egyptian armies Constant rebellion – against Persian rule Many pharaohs – many overthrown/assassinated. 332 BCE Alexander the Great conquers Egypt Egyptian people delighted – freed from Persian rule 305 BCE Ptolemaic Era – After Alexander the Great died – Ptolemy – governor of Egypt. Defended Egypt from invasion Ptolemaic Dynasty – most famous in Ancient Egypt 196 BCE The Rosetta Stone is carved – key to translating hieroglyphics Text – written in three languages – Hieroglyphics, Egyptian Demotic and Ancient Greek. Discovered 1799 – display British Museum in London 51 - 30 BCE Cleopatra – Reigned 27 years.