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Archaeological Study in Compliance with Section 106 of the National

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Archaeological Study in Compliance with Section 106 of the National Archaeological Study in Compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for the Māmalahoa Highway Drainage Improvement Project TMK: (3) 7-1-002:013 por. and (3) 7-2-1-004:18 por. Pu‘uanahulu and Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a ahupua‘a North Kona District Island of Hawai‘i FINAL VERSION Prepared By: Robert B. Rechtman, Ph.D. Prepared For: State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation, Highways Division 869 Punchbowl Street, Room 513 Honolulu, HI 96813 June 2014 ASM Project Number 21360 Archaeological Study in Compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for the Māmalahoa Highway Drainage Improvement Project TMK: (3) 7-1-002:013 por. and (3) 7-1-004:018 por. Pu‘uanahulu and Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a ahupua‘a North Kona District Island of Hawai‘i Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On behalf of the State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation (HDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), ASM Affiliates, Inc. conducted an archaeological study of a roughly 1.15 acre portion of state land being a section of the North Kona Belt Road (Māmalahoa Highway) in Pu‘uanahulu Ahupua‘a (TMK: (3) 7-1-004:018 por.) and an adjacent portion of land on TMK: (3) 7-1-002:013 in Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a Ahupua‘a, North Kona District, Island of Hawai‘i (Figures 1, 2 and 3). HDOT anticipates federal funding from FHWA for the construction of Māmalahoa Highway Drainage Improvement Project (undertaking). The potential use of federal funds necessitates compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and its implementing regulation (36 CFR 800). This undertaking will involve the demolition of the existing northbound shoulder and construction of an asphalt concrete swale, installation of under-roadway drainage pipes and inlets within the new shoulder swale, reconstruction of the widened shoulder, construction of retaining walls adjacent to the shoulder, and regrassing/reinforcing any newly exposed cut slope to control erosion. In addition, the storm water runoff will be directed offsite into a drywell within a one-acre portion of adjacent State land (TMK (3) 7-1-002:013) in Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a Ahupua‘a that is planned to be converted to State highway right-of-way. The area of direct impact will be roughly 7,600 square feet, but a larger roughly 1.15 acre right-of way acquisition area was studied; it is this larger area that we believe constitutes the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the proposed undertaking. Systematic archaeological fieldwork within the APE resulted in the identification of features associated with the old Waimea-Kona Belt Road (SIHP Site 20855). Site 20855 consists of remnant sections of the former Waimea-Kona Belt Road, and later Māmalahoa Highway and associated walls. The roadway was constructed between 1916 and 1922, and it served as the main Kona-Waimea connector for 11 years until it was superseded by construction of the Māmalahoa Highway (now Highway 190) in 1933. Consultation for this Section 106 study was comprehensive and included Pu‘uanahulu/Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a community members, as well several other indivduals and Native Hawaiian Organizations. The Pu‘uanahulu/Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a community members related their feelings about the significance of the walls and roadway features of the old Waimea- Kona Belt Road constructed by their grandparents and great grandparents. Seeing these features along the current roadside is a daily reminder of their connections to this land and is a contributing element to their sense of place and belonging. Site 20855 is considered significant under Criterion a for the important contribution that it made with respect to transportation and settlement patterns during the early twentieth century in the west Hawai‘i area; and under Criterion d for its historical research value, and its historical importance as a visual reminder of the early twentieth century cultural landscape of North Kona. The features of the site within the current APE can be avoided during the proposed drainage improvement project, and given the cultural significance that this portion of Site 20855 holds for the traditional families of the Nāpu‘u area, it is recommended that these features be protected during the undertaking. It is the conclusion of the current study that, given adherence to the above recommendation, the proposed drainage improvements will have no adverse effect on historic properties. Māmalahoa Highway Drainage Improvement Project Section 106 Study ii Table of Contents CHAPTERS Page 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 THE PROPOSED UNDERTAKING, PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION, AND AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECT (APE) ...................................................................................... 1 2. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 7 CULTURE-HISTORICAL CONTEXT ............................................................................. 7 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES ................................................................ 40 3. CONSULTATION ....................................................................................................... 44 4. PROJECT AREA EXPECTATIONS........................................................................ 45 5. ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK ..................................................................... 46 6. SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION AND DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS ...... 51 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................... 52 FIGURES Page 1. Project area location. ................................................................................................................... 2 2. Tax map showing current project area in red. ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Current Google Satellite™ image showing the APE outlined in red. ........................................ 4 4. Proposed development plan. ....................................................................................................... 5 5. Roadway portion of the project area, view to the northwest. ..................................................... 6 6. Drywell portion of the project area, view to the north. ............................................................... 6 7. Hawaiʻi Registered Map No. 2633 (showing Pu‘uanahulu and Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a ahupua‘a). ....... 8 8. J.S. Emerson, Field Note Book Map – Book 251:79 (State Survey Division). ........................ 22 9. J.S. Emerson, Field Note Book Map – Book 252:47 (State Survey Division). ........................ 24 10. J.S. Emerson, Field Note Book Map – Book 252:75 (State Survey Division). ...................... 25 11. J.S. Emerson, Field Note Book Map – Book 252:107 (State Survey Division). .................... 26 12. J.S. Emerson, Field Note Book Map – Book 253:1 (State Survey Division). ........................ 28 13. J.S. Emerson, Field Note Book Map – Book 253:25 (State Survey Division). ...................... 29 14. Pu‘uanahulu and Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a Lease lands (1902). (Lease 971) State Survey Division. .... 31 15. Pu‘uanahulu and Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a (C.S.F. 8592), Feb. 25, 1938. .............................................. 38 16. Paddocks of Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a Ranch (reduction of map compiled by Chas. L. Murray, 1948). ........................................................................................................ 39 17. Previous archaeolocial studies conduted in the vicinity of the current project area. .............. 42 18. Example of published notice. .................................................................................................. 45 19. SIHP Site 20855 retaining wall feature, view to the north. .................................................... 46 20. SIHP Site 20855 wall feature along makai side of former roadway, view to the north. ........ 47 21. Destroyed section of wall feature along makai side of former roadway, view to the south. .. 48 22. SIHP Site 20855 roadway as it deviates from current roadway, view to the southwest. ........ 48 Māmalahoa Highway Drainage Improvement Project Section 106 Study iii Table of Contents 23. SIHP Site 20855 plan view of features at base of Pu‘uanahulu Grade, southern part of APE shown in red. ............................................................................................................ 49 24. SIHP Site 20855 elevated roadway and barrier wall (outside of APE), view to the south. .... 50 25. Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a Ranch wall just outside of APE, view to the northeast. ................................ 50 TABLES Page 1. Previous archaeological studies conducted within the vicinity of the project area. ................. 43 2. Site significance and effect. ...................................................................................................... 51 iv Māmalahoa Highway Drainage Improvement Project Section 106 Study 1. Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION At the request of Ron Terry Ph.D. of Geometrician Associates, LLC and Lennie Okano-Kendrick of Okahara & Associates, Inc., on behalf of the State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation (HDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), ASM Affiliates, Inc. conducted an archaeological study of a roughly 1.15 acre portion of state land being a section of the North Kona Belt Road (Māmalahoa Highway) in Pu‘uanahulu Ahupua‘a (TMK: (3) 7-1-004:018 por.) and an adjacent portion of land on TMK: (3) 7-1-002:013 in Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a Ahupua‘a, North Kona District,
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