Notes
Introduction
1 David Th elen, ‘Th e movie maker as historian: Conversations with Ken Burns,’ The Journal of American History 81, no. 3 (1994): 1031–50, 32. 2 Lucian of Samosata, The Way to Write History, c. 165 ce, in The Works of Lucian, Vol. II, consulted at
8 J.H. Hexter, ‘Th e rhetoric of history,’History and Theory 6, no. 1 (1967): 3–13. A longer version appeared in J.H. Hexter, Doing History (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1971). 9 Hexter, Doing History, 47–8. 10 Arthur Marwick, The Nature of History (London: Macmillan, 1970). 11 Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in cultural criticism (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), especially chapter 3. 12 For example: Hazel Edwards, Writing a Non-Boring Family History (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 2003); John Charles Cox, How to Write the History of a Parish (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008); Anne D’Alleva, How to Write Art History (London: Laurence King Publishing, 2006); Martin M.G. Fase, Gerald D. Feldman & Manfred Pohl, eds, How to Write the History of a Bank (London: Scholar Press, 1996); Bob Trubshaw, How to Write and Publish Local History (Market Harborough, UK: Heart of Albion Press, 1999); Frederick E. Maser, How to Write a Local Church History (Madison, NJ: United Methodist Church, General Commission on Archives and History, 1990).
1: Which history to tell?
1 Marc Bloch, The Historian’s Craft (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992 [fi rst published 1954]), 22. NB: Th e ‘good historian’, including the giant, can also be a she. 2 Greg Dening, ‘Reading to write’, in Marion Halligan, ed., Storykeepers (Sydney: Duff y & Snellgrove, 2001), 33. 3 Benedetto Croce, History: Its theory and practice, trans. Douglas Ainslie (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1921), 11–26, reprinted as ‘History and chronicle’, in Hans Meyerhoff , ed., The Philosophy of History in our Time (New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1959), 45. 4 Joanna Bourke, Fear: A cultural history (London: Virago, 2005); Francesca Orsini, ed., Love in South Asia: A cultural history (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006); Jacques Gelis, History of Childbirth: Fertility, pregnancy and birth in early modern Europe (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991); Rebecca Jennings, A Lesbian History of Britain: Love and sex between women since 1500 (Oxford: Greenwood World, 2007). 5 Jackie Huggins & Kay Saunders, ‘Defying the ethnographic ventriloquists: Race, gender and the legacies of colonialism,’ Lilith, no. 8 (1993): 60–70. 6 Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Clearing a Path: Theoretical approaches to the past in Native American studies (New York: Routledge, 2002); Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Notes 241
Negotiators of Change: Historical perspectives on Native American women (New York: Routledge, 1995); Peter Nabokov, A Forest of Time: American Indian ways of history (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
2: Who is your history for?
1 Johann Huizinga, Men and Ideas (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1960), 39. 2 See, e.g. William Kelleher Storey, Writing History: A guide for students, 3rd edn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009); I.W. Mabbett, Writing History Essays: A student’s guide (Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007); Jules R. Benjamin, A Student’s Guide to History, 10th edn (Boston: Bedford/St Martins, 2007). Many history departments now provide their own online guides. 3 Ann McGrath, Born in the Cattle (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1987); American Academy of Learned Societies e-book, 2006.
13 For an example of a commissioned history which was rejected see Rachel Wells, ‘A century of history for sale in biography of an emporium’, The Age, 14 September 2008:
3: Crying in the archives
1 Tom Griffi ths, Slicing the Silence: Voyaging to Antarctica (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2007; Boston: Harvard University Press, 2007), 21. 2 Tom Griffi ths, ‘Th e poetics and practicalities of writing’, in Ann Curthoys & Ann McGrath, eds, Writing Histories: Imagination and narration (Melbourne: School of Historical Studies, Monash University, 1999), 3–4, also available from Monash University E Press, 2009, at
4 Henry Reynolds, The Other Side of the Frontier: Aboriginal resistance to the European invasion of Australia (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2006).
4: History in 3D
1 Helen Garner, True Stories (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 1996), 52. 2 Edward B. Tylor, Anthropology (London: Macmillan, 1881), 179. 3 Julie Cruikshank, ‘Oral history, narrative strategies and Native American historiography: Perspectives from the Yukon Territory, Canada’, in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Clearing a Path: Theorizing the past in Native American studies (New York: Routledge, 2002). 4 Fernand Braudel, ‘History and the social sciences,’ in On History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980); Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, Vol. 1 (London: William Collins & Sons, 1972); Ann Curthoys & John Docker, Is History Fiction? (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2006), 126–8. 5 John Berger, And Our Faces, My Heart, Brief as Photos (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984); John Berger, ‘Th e ambiguity of the photograph,’ in Kelly Michelle Askew & Richard R. Wilk, eds, The Anthropology of Media: A reader (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002); Jane Lydon, Eye Contact: Photographing Indigenous Australians (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005); Graham Clarke, The Photograph (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); David E. Kyvig & Myron A. Marty, Nearby History: Exploring the past around you, 2nd edn (Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefi eld, 2000), chapter 7 ‘Visual documents’. 6 Humphrey McQueen, Suspect History (Adelaide: Wakefi eld Press, 1997), 158–9. 7 See Graeme Davison, Th e Use and Abuse of History (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2000). 8 Ann McGrath, A. ‘Being Annie Oakley: Modern girls, new world women’, Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies 28.1, 28.2 (2007): 203–31. 9 Tim Bonyhady & Tom Griffi ths, eds, Words for Country : Landscape and language in Australia (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2002), 1. 10 Manning Clark, ‘A discovery of Australia,’ in Occasional Writings and Speeches (Sydney: Fontana/Collins, 1980), 68; A.L. Rowse, The Use of History (London: Hodder & Stoughton, for the English Universities Press, 1946), 42–3.Th e origin of the quote is somewhat mysterious. 11 For a discussion of this kind of journalism, see Judith Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of sexual danger in late-Victorian London (London: Virago, 1992). 12 Matt Buchanan, ‘Evolution of the modest hero: Iain McCalman talks to Matt Buchanan’, The Sydney Morning Herald (Spectrum), 14 February 2009, 26. 244 How to write history that people want to read
13 Luisa Passerini, ‘Work, ideology and consensus under Italian Fascism,’ History Workshop Journal 8, no. 1 (1979): 82–108. Reprinted in Robert Perks & Alistair Th omson, eds, The Oral History Reader (London: Routledge, 1998), 53–62. 14 Alessandro Portelli, The Death of Luigi Trastulli, and Other Stories: Form and meaning in oral history (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991). See also Alessandro Portelli, ‘What makes oral history diff erent’, in Perks & Th omson, The Oral History Reader, 63–74. 15 See especially Perks & Th omson, eds, The Oral History Reader. 16 Lorina Barker, ‘“Hangin’ out” and “yarnin”’, History Australia 5, no. 1 (April 2008): 9.1–9.9. 17 Recording technologies change quickly, so earlier forms rapidly become outdated. A public institution will be better able to preserve, and provide the technology for reading, your taped interviews.
5: How to avoid writer’s block
1 Amitav Ghosh, The Hungry Tide (London: Harper Collins, 2004), 148. 2 Robert Neale, The Common Writer: Theory and practice for writers and teachers (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1991), 83. 3 Jack Kerouac, Atop an Underwood: Early stories and other writings, edited by Paul Marion (New York: Viking Press, 1999). 4 Mark Tredinnick, The Little Red Writing Book (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2006). 5 Neale, The Common Writer, 82.
6: Once upon a time
1 Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, 1865. 2 Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and colony in the English imagination 1830–1867 (London: Polity Press, 2002), 1, 7. 3 Muriel E. Chamberlain, The Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century (London: Longman, 1998), viii. 4 John Hobson, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), x. 5 In a very helpful essay, William Dowling says the introductory chapter should ‘stand almost as an essay in itself, except that it would be full of points that Notes 245
begged for further elaboration’: William C. Dowling, ‘Avoiding the warmed- over dissertation’, in Eleanor Harman & Ian Montagnes, eds, The Thesis and the Book (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003), 50. 6 Mark Atwood Lawrence, Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American commitment to war in Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 4–6. 7 Anne Salmond, Two Worlds: First meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642– 1772 (Auckland: Viking, 1991), 13. 8 Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, empires, and republics in the Great Lakes region, 1650–1815 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 1. 9 Iain McCalman, The Seven Ordeals of Count Cagliostro: The greatest enchanter of the eighteenth century (Sydney: Flamingo–Harper Collins, 2003), 3. 10 Alan Atkinson, Camden: Farm and village life in early New South Wales (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1988), 1. 11 Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms: The cosmos of a sixteenth century miller (London: Penguin, 1992 [1976]), 1. 12 Lionel Gossman, ‘Anecdote and history’, History and Theory, 42.2 (2003): 143–68. 13 See William E. Engel, ‘Aphorism, anecdote and anamnesis in Montaigne and Bacon’, Montaigne Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum 1, no. 1 (1989): 158–79; entry on ‘Montaigne’ in Britannica.com. 14 Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze: Terror and fantasy in Baroque Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), 1, 4. 15 Mary Dudziak, Cold War, Civil Rights: Race and the image of American democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 115. 16 Penelope Lively, Moon Tiger (London: Penguin, 1988), 1, 2. 17 Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Carnival in Romans: A people’s uprising at Romans 1579–1580 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981), 338–9. 18 See Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991), 239–40; Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in cultural criticism (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), especially chapter 3. 19 Howard G. Brown, Ending the French Revolution: Violence, justice, and repression from the Terror to Napoleon (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006), 2, 3. 20 Jane Lydon, Eye Contact: Photographing Indigenous Australians (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005). 21 Marcus Rediker, The Slave Ship: A human history (New York: Viking, 2007), 4, 355. 22 Les Carlyon, The Great War (Sydney: Pan Macmillan, 2006), 3, 777. 246 How to write history that people want to read
7: Narrative, plot, action!
1 Peter Gay, Style in History (New York: Basic Books, 1974), 189. 2 E.P. Th ompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968 [1963]). 3 Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital 1848–1875 (London: Abacus, 1997). 4 Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 (London: Vintage, 1996), 112–22. 5 For a discussion of action-oriented history, see June Phillip, ‘Traditional historical narrative and action-oriented (or ethnographic) history’, Historical Studies, vol. 20 (1982): 339–52. For the idea of history as drama, see Greg Dening, Performances (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1996) and Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999). 6 Barbara Tuchman, Practicing History: Selected essays (New York, Knopf, 1981), 22. 7 Geoff rey Blainey, Th e Tyranny of Distance (Melbourne: Sun Books, 1966), 45–7. 8 Ann Curthoys, Freedom Ride: A freedomrider remembers (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002). 9 Dominick LaCapra, ‘Rhetoric and history’, in History and Criticism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985), 18–19, 38, 42. 10 Manning Clark, ‘A discovery of Australia’, in Occasional Writings and Speeches (Sydney: Fontana/Collins, 1980), 76. 11 Bill Gammage, ‘Th e broken years: Australian soldiers in the Great War, 1914–18’, in Ann Curthoys & Ann McGrath, eds, Writing Histories: Imagination and narration (Melbourne: School of Historical Studies, Monash University, 1999), 17; also available from Monash University E Press, 2009, at
18 Martha Hodes, The Sea Captain’s Wife: A true story of love, race, and war in the nineteenth century (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), available at
8: Styling pasts for presents
1 George Orwell, Politics and the English Language, 1946, available at
6 Mark Tredinnick, Th e Little Green Grammar Book (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2008). 7 Patricia Nelson Limerick, ‘Dancing with professors’, New York Times Book Review (31 October 1993), 23–4. 8 Th omas Babington Macaulay, The History of England (Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics [1849] 1979), 243. 9 Don Watson, Watson’s Dictionary of Weasel Words, Contemporary Clichés, Cant and Management Jargon (Sydney: Vintage, 2005). 10 Robin W. Winks, The Blacks in Canada: A history (Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press, 1997), xv–xvi. 11 E.P. Th ompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968 [1963]), 410. 12 See Ann Curthoys & John Docker, Is History Fiction? (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2005), 152–3. 13 E.P. Th ompson, Poverty of Theory and Other Essays (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978). 14 Anthony Easthope, ‘Romancing the Stone: History-writing and rhetoric’, Social History 18, no. 2 (1993): 235–49, 46. 15 Nancy F. Partner, ‘Making up lost time: Writing on the writing of history’, Speculum 61, no. 1 (1986): 90–117, 94, 05. 16 Bonnie G. Smith, The Gender of History: Men, women, and historical practice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 10–11, 104, 266, Note 2. For an argument concerning conversations between literature and science, and feminism and science, see Susan Squier, ‘From Omega to Mr. Adam: Th e importance of literature for feminist science studies’, Science, Technology and Human Values 24, no. 1 (1999): 132–58. 17 Richard White, Th e Middle Ground: Indians, empires, and republics in the Great Lakes region, 1650–1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), ix.
9: Character and emotion
1 Th omas Babington Macaulay, ‘On History’, a review of Henry Neele, Th e Romance of History: England, fi rst published in the Edinburgh Review 47: 94, May 1828, 364. 2 Kate Grenville, Searching for the Secret River (Melbourne: Text, 2006). 3 Interview with Kate Grenville on ABC Radio National,
5 John Hirst, ‘How sorry can we be?’, in Sense and Nonsense in Australian History (Melbourne: Black Inc., 2005), 80–106. 6 Grenville, Searching for the Secret River, 185. 7 Grenville, Searching for the Secret River, 191. 8 Martha Hodes, The Sea Captain’s Wife: A true story of love, race, and war in the nineteenth century (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 235. 9 Robert Darnton, ‘Workers revolt: Th e great cat massacre of the Rue Saint-Severin’, in The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York: Vintage Books, 1985). 10 Joan W. Scott, ‘Th e evidence of experience’, Critical Inquiry 17, no. 4 (Summer 1991): 773–97. 11 Penny Russell, ‘A feeling for the subject: feminism, history and emotions’, in Women’s History Review [forthcoming]. 12 Darnton, ‘Workers revolt’, 82. 13 Peter Burke, ‘Is there a cultural history of the emotions?’, in Penelope Gouk & Helen Hills, eds, Representing Emotions: New connections in the histories of art, music and medicine (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005). 14 Constance Classen, Worlds of Sense: Exploring the senses in history and across cultures (London & New York: Routledge, 1993); David Howes, ‘Can these dry bones live? An anthropological approach to the history of the senses’, Journal of American History 95(2) (2008): 119–28; Robert Jutte, A History of the Senses: From antiquity to cyberspace, trans. J. Lynn (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005); Mark M. Smith, Sensing the Past: Seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting in history (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007). 15 Thomas Babington Macaulay, ‘On History’, a review of Henry Neele, The Romance of History: England, first published in the Edinburgh Review 47:94, May 1828, 361. 16 Sigurdur Gylfi Magnusson, What is Microhistory? (History News Network, 2006 [cited 1 May 2009]); available from
22 Marcus Rediker, The Slave Ship: A human history (New York: Viking, 2007), 344. 23 John Demos, The Unredeemed Captive: A family story from early America (Knopf: New York, 1994), 34. 24 Quoting from a letter written on 18 February 1993: Jean R. Freedman, Whistling in the Dark: Memory and culture in wartime London (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1999), 88–9. 25 Roy Rosenzweig & David Th elen, The Presence of the Past: Popular uses of history in American life (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998); Robert Perks & Alistair Th omson, eds., The Oral History Reader (London: Routledge, 1998). 26 Robert F. Jeff erson, Fighting for Hope: African American troops of the 93rd Infantry Division in World War II and postwar America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 159–60. 27 E.P. Th ompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968), 13. 28 Winthrop D. Jordan, White Over Black: American attitudes toward the Negro 1550–1812 (Baltimore: Penguin, 1969), 582.
10: Footnote fetishism
1 Anthony Grafton, The Footnote: A curious history (Boston: Harvard University Press, 1999), viii. 2
9 Ann Curthoys & John Docker, ‘Is history fi ction?’, UTS Review: Cultural Studies and New Writing 2(1) (May 1996): 12–37. 10 Ann Curthoys, Freedom Ride: A freedomrider remembers (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002); Ann Curthoys, ‘Freedom Ride: A Freedomrider Remembers: Endnotes to the book.’ Retrieved 6 May 2009, from
11: Tough love
1 Lynne Truss, Eats Shoots and Leaves: The zero tolerance approach to punctuation (London: Profi le Books, 2003). 2 Patricia Limerick, The Legacy of Conquest: The unbroken past of the American West (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1988), 105. 3 We thank Alan Atkinson for this example.
Index
1788: Th e Brutal Truth of the First Fleet anecdotes 132–33 205–6 Ann Arbor library 69 Annales School 82 A archaeological research 56, 81–82 A Day in Pompeii 85–86 archaisms 166–68 ‘A Short History of...’ titles 118 archives 66, 68–69, see also library use Aboriginal history, see Indigenous histories Archives Acts 54 access to libraries 68 archivists 70–72 acknowledgements 227 art, history as 7 action 145–49 articles active and passive voice 168, 172–74, for newspapers and magazines 43–44 221–22 for specialist journals 29–30 advice genre 9 house styles 136 aff ect, see emotions titles for 122–24 African Americans 193 assessors’ reports 229–30 age factors in writing history 3 Atkinson, Alan 133, 145–47 Age of Capital, Th e 143 audience for writing 24–47 agency issues 173 Australia Alabi’s World 155–56 family histories in 39 alliterative titles 122 outback towns 88–89 Althusser, Louis 175–76 social history 16 American Historical Association 199, 207 Australian Dictionary of Biography 52 American Historical Review online 30 Australian Institute of Aboriginal and American National Biography 52 Torres Strait Islander Studies analysis, within the narrative 141–42 99 Ancestry.com 65 autoformatting systems 221 Index 253
B C backgrounding 171–72 Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage Bakhtin, Mikhail 155 159 Barthes, Roland 151 Camden: Farm and Village Life in Early New beach walks 108 South Wales 131 Beinecke Library, Yale 65, 70 cameras 74–75 Being Pakeha Now 39–40 Canberra bushfi res 99 Benjamin, Walter 176 capitalisation 223 Berger, John 83 captions to illustrations 220 bestsellers, see popular histories Carlyon, Les 139 bias in writing 36 Carnival in Romans 137 bibliographies Carroll, Lewis 117 at end of book 208 case studies 61–64 in scholarly histories 31 catalogue use in libraries 72 in theses 27–28 Cathcart, Michael 87 research using 52 cats, slaughter of 183–84 software for 78 causation in history 8 biographical details of interviewees Chakrabarty, Dipesh 30 95 challenging your readers 47 biographical dictionaries 52 Chamberlain, Azaria 86 biographies 186–90 chapters Blacks in Canada, Th e 170 fi rst 129–31 Blainey, Geoff rey 147–48 length of 144 Bloch, Marc 13 planning 109, 142–45 blushing 60 titles for 124–25 body language 60 character 186–90 book launches 234–36 checklist for editing 214–15 Book of Kells 85 Cheese and the Worms, Th e 131, 187–88 book proposals 20 Chicago humanities system 210 books, see also library use children 87, 103–4 boredom 116 chronology vs theme 141–42 Born in the Cattle: Aborigines in Cattle church bells 185 Country 121 citation, see also footnoting Braithwaite, Sari 74–75, 77–78 in PhD theses 28 Braudel, Fernand 82 in popular histories 35 brevity, desirability of 6 training in 206–7 British Library, London 65–66 Cite it Right: Th e SourceAid Guide to Britons: Forging the Nation 143–44 Citation, Research, and Avoiding Broken Years, Th e 150–51 Plagiarism 210 Brown, Howard 138 ‘citing and sighting rule’ 211 browsing in libraries 67 Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution Burke, Peter 155 208 Burns, Ken 4 Civil Society 235 Butterfi eld, Herbert 8 Civil War 4 254 Index
Civilising Subjects 126 on Young 90 Clark, Manning 88, 104, 150 oral histories recorded by 194 Clarke, Graham 83 withdraws article from publication 230 clear thinking and writing 166, 215–16 cutting for word length 216–18 Clendinnen, Inga 153 clichés 219 D coded language 58–60 daily writing targets 105 Cold War, Civil Rights 134 Damousi, Joy 124–25 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 108 Dancing in the Dark 180 collaborative writing 12, 116 ‘Dancing with Professors’ 162 Colley, Linda 143–44 Darnton, Robert 183–84 colons 222 Darwin, Charles 107–9 combining images 75–76 Darwin’s Armada 89–90, 121 commissioned histories 36–38 dates Common Writer, Th e 103 chronology vs theme 141–42 companion works 51–52 error checking 224 computer grammar checkers 221 in book titles 119 conclusions 215–16 in oral histories 97 conference papers 114–15 key dates 51 conjunctions 163 using as actors 168 consent to interviews 93, 95 Davis, Natalie Zemon 187 conservation of rare documents 70 Day in Pompeii, A 85–86 Contested Ground 195–96 de Man, Paul 175 Cornwall, Connecticut 63–64, 185 de Montaigne, Michel 132 course packs 30 deadlines courtesy in recording oral histories 94–95 for writing 99–100 cowboys, children’s play costumes 87 help with focus 107–8 Cravens, Patsy 156 in research proposals 20 criticism, see feedback; reviews deafness, history of 18 Croce, Benedetto 15 ‘Decline and Fall’ titles 119 ‘crossed lines’ 56 deconstruction of texts 58 current aff airs programs 42 deleting text 216–18 curriculum, writing for 32 Demos, John 153, 191–92 Curthoys, Ann Dening, Greg 14, 160–61 book launch 235 derogatory terms 59–60, 167–71 career of 20–22 Derrida, Jacques 175 data kept safe by 99 designers in museums 45 in Mitchell Library 50 desire for truth 156 in National Library of Scotland 76 destination objects 85 midday work by 106 Deutsche Bank 37–38 on Freedom Ride 149, 209 dialogic novels 155 on hectoring 196 dialogue 190–92 on Is History Fiction? 148 diaries, in research 55 on White Over Black 196–97 Dictionary of American Biography 52 Index 255
Dictionary of National Biography 52 entertainment factor 41 Dictionary of New Zealand Biography 52 environmental history 89 dictionary use 164 epigraphs 134 digital databases 46 eras as actors 168 digital sources, see also World Wide Web ethical issues archiving images 75 in recording oral histories 93 photo libraries 83 plagiarism 202–5 recorded oral histories 93–94 etymology 59 direct personal address, see ‘I’ voice euphemisms 60 disability history 18 Europe, archaeological research in 81–82 disconnectedness 107 European History Quarterly 123 ‘dispersal’, meaning of 60 Evans, Martin 33 displacement, sense of 39 Evans, Ray 16 dissertations, see PhD theses evidence, see also sources Docker, John 148, 230 marshalling 13, 49–50 documents, see sources principles of 57 ‘doing nothing’ 101–2 exclamation marks 166 domestic history 81 exhibitions 44–45 Don’t Take Your Love to Town 187 experimenting with points of view 152–54 Dorsey, Bruce 125 Eye Contact: Photographing Indigenous double-headed titles 123–25 Australians 138 downloadable delivery 46–47 dramatic tension 145, 148, 215 F DuBois, W.E.B. 139 fact checking 224 Dudziak, Mary 134 failure to fi nd information 53 D’Wolf, James 191 family histories 38–40, 65–67 famous people 85 E Fascist Italy 91 Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, Th e Faust, Catherine Drew Gilpin 4 127 fears, confronting 108 Easthope, Anthony 176 feedback Eats Shoots and Leaves 222 assessors’ reports 229–30 economic history 15 friendly 112–16 editing 212–31 imagined critics 213 Edwardian Country House, Th e 40 reviews 232–38 electronic texts 30 female historians, as advisors 10 Elements of Style, Th e 159 fi eld trips 87–90 emotions 179–84 Fight for Freedom: the Story of the NAACP 37 encyclopaedias 51–52 fi lm Encyclopedia of Russian History 33 in oral histories 93 Encyclopedia of the Boer War 33 scripts for 40–41 endings 136–39 use of footage from 83 endnotes, see footnoting First Australians 40 EndNotes software 77–78 fi rst chapter 129–31 256 Index
fi rst-hand observation, see primary Getting It Published: A Guide for Scholars sources and Anyone Else Serious About Serious Fitzgerald, Robert 38 Books 30 fi ve senses 184–85 Ghosh, Amitav 101 fl ags, as metaphor 175 ‘gin’, meaning of 59–60 fl ashbacks 142 Ginibi, Ruby Langford 187 fl ow 113 Ginzburg, Carlo 131, 187–88 focus, fi nding 107–8 Google Scholar 51 follow-up interviews 97 Gordon-Reed, Annette 4, 40 Footnote: A Curious History, Th e 206 Grafton, Anthony 198, 206 footnoting 198–211 graphics 34, 219–20 checking of 225–26 great men theory of history 85 EndNotes software 77–78 Great War, Th e 139 in PhD theses 28 Greek histories 132 in popular histories 35 Grenville, Kate 180–81 referencing 199–200 Griffi th Review 209 research using 51, 77–79 Griffi ths, Tom 48–49 scholarly histories 31 Guns of August, Th e 147 Foucault, Michel 151–52 Franklin, Benjamin 84–85 H Freedom Ride 149, 209, 235 Hall, Catherine 126 French Revolution 138 handwriting 56 Freud for Historians 188 Harvard system of footnoting 210 Freud in the Antipodes 125 hearing, sense of 184–85 friendly feedback 112–16 Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family, full stops 222–23 Th e 4, 40 heritage reports 35 G Herodotus 6 Gammage, Bill 150–51 Hexter, J.H. 8–9, 209–10 Garner, Helen 80 ‘Hidden History’ titles 119 Gaugin, Paul 160–61 hidden narrators 150 Gay, Peter 140, 188 hieroglyphs 56 gender Hill, David 205–6 gender-neutral language 165 Himmelfarb, Gertrude 208 metaphor and 176–77 Hirst, John 181 Scott essay on 30 historians stout pair of boots, need for 87–90 personality types 110–11 ‘Gender: A Useful Category of Historical quoting from 199–202 Analysis’ 30 historians’ organisations 37 Gender of History, Th e 176 historical advisors 41 genealogies 38–40, 65–67 ‘Historical Discourse’ 151 genres 15, 25 historical individuals 143 geographical metaphors 176 character of 186–90 Germano, William 30, 34 emotions of 179–84 Index 257
historical narrative, see narrative interviews in oral histories 92–99 historical reality shows 40 introductions, writing 127–29 historical reports 35–40 inverted commas 170 historical ventriloquism 22–23 irreverence 3 historiography 49 Is History Fiction? 148 bad reputation of 3–4 Italians on Fascism 91 ‘sensory turn’ 185 italics 170 History of England, Th e 7–8 ‘History of Events and the Revival of J Narrative’ 155 James, Helen 235 history-telling 98 Jeff erson, Robert F. 193 Hobsbawm, E.J 143 Jordan, Winthrop D. 196–97 Hobson, John 127 Jorvik Viking Centre 185 Hodes, Martha 154, 182 journal articles, see articles Holocaust 138 Journal of British Studies 123 honours theses 27 Journal of Modern History 123 house styles 136 Hughes, Langston 37 K Huizinga, Johann 24 Kenslea, Timothy 40 humour in history writing 2 Kerouac, Jack 103 Kevin, Tony 205 I key dates 51 ‘I’ voice 153–54 King, Michael 39–40 ‘ibid’, avoiding use of 211 Kingston, Jamaica 69 identifi cation for library use 68 Kipling, Rudyard 21, 103 illustrations 34, 219–20 Kirby, Michael 236 imagined critics 213 immigrants, family histories for 39 L indented text 223 Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy 138, 187 indentured labourers 17 Lady Mungo 1 Indigenous histories 15 Lake Mungo 1 approaches to 23 ‘Land, Labor and Diff erence: Elementary body language in 60 Structures of Race’ 30 contact with Europeans 183 Landscape and Memory 4 ‘History Wars’ 180 language, see linguistic issues in Queensland 16–17 laptops in libraries 73 life-writing in 186–87 Last Line of Defence 156 oral traditions 81–82, 98 last words 230–31 terminology in 59–60, 223 Lawrence, Mark 128 inevitability, avoiding 169 ‘LCD’ Factor 41 ‘interesting’, meaning of 59 Leavin’ a Testimony: Portraits from Rural interlibrary loans 72 Texas 156 Internet, see World Wide Web Lee, Edwin 193 interpretation 56, 141–42 legal documents 55 258 Index
legal submissions 35–36 on backgrounding 171 letters, in research 55 on chapter plans 109 librarians 70–72 on Cornwall, Connecticut 185 library use 65–76 on footnoting 200 life-writing 186–87, see also biographies on grammar 163 Limerick, Patricia Nelson 162, 222 on library use 67 limited third-person narration 154–55 on Mabo Judgment 195–96 linguistic issues 56, 58–60, 164–68 on National Museum of Australia linking of references 211 86 literature reviews 200 on outback Australia 88–89 Little Green Grammar Book 161 on parallel work 204–5 Little Red Writing Book 107 on reviews 236–37 liveliness 218–19 on reworking 228–29 Lively, Penelope 135–36 thesis becomes book 29 London in wartime 192 time taken up by children 103–4 Longitude 121 McGridd, Asberry 193 Lucian of Samosata 6–7 media profi le 232–33 Lydon, Jane 83, 138 memory 91 metaphor 174–77 M Methodism 174 Mabo Judgment 195–96 micro history 187 Macaulay, Th omas Babington 7–9, 163, Middle Ground, Th e 129, 177 178, 186 military history 89 Macquarie University 22 Millar, James 33 Madison, Dolly 66 minority groups 39, 167–71, 186–87 magazine articles 43–44 Mitchell Library 50 Making of the English Working Class, Th e mobile phones 72 142–43 Modern Researcher 210 manuscript guides 52 Monash University 21 manuscript libraries 54, 65, 71, 83 monographs 4, 30–31 Maoris 56–57, 128–29 monologic novels 155 maps 220 Montaigne, Michel de 132 marketing 232–38 Montaillou 187 Marwick, Arthur 9 Moon Tiger 135–36 Marxist histories 175–76 moral judgment 194–97 ‘maximum impact’ rule 209–10 morbidity in history 3 McCalman, Iain 89–90, 121, 129–30, Morgan, Sally 187 236 mountains, as metaphor 175 McGrath, Ann movie footage, see fi lm book launch 236 multimedia in museums 45 book titles 121 multiple points of view 154 career of 15–17 museum exhibitions 44–45 in New York Public Library 66 My Place 187 morning work by 105–6 ‘Myth’ titles 120 Index 259
N objects in 85 narrative 5–6, 140–57 of Indigenous peoples 82 hidden narrators 150 points of view in 156 ‘I’ voice 153–54 sources of 27 limited third-person narration 154–55 Orwell, George 158 teleological narratives 188 outback Australia 88–89 third person omniscient narration outsider histories 22–23, 98 152 over-generalisation 169 National Library of Scotland 76 overfriendliness to librarians 71–72 National Museum of Australia 86 Oxford Companion series 52 Native Americans Oxford English Dictionary 59 as ancestors 39 children’s play costumes 87 P Companions to histories of 52 paintings 84 histories of 23 panel discussions 233 John Williams captured by 191–92 Pappin, Mary 1 Native Title cases 35–36 paragraphs 160, 168 Nature of History, Th e 9 parallel works 204–5 Nazi Germany 37–38 Paris, cat slaughter in 183–84 Neale, Robert 103 parliamentary records 55 ‘New Left’ 17 Passerini, Luisa 91 New York Public Library 66, 68 passion 197 New Zealand, Maori land claims 56–57 passive and active voice 168, 172–74, newspaper articles 43–44, 55 221–22 ‘Nietzsche, Genealogy, History’ 151–52 past North American history 51–52 depiction of 158–77 North by Northwest 147 links to present 14–15 note taking 72–76 past tense 160 novelists 179, 189 peer review 114 ‘people’ 24, see also audience selection O Performances 160–61 Obama, Barack 164–65 performative writing 25 objectivity in legal reporting 36 periods (punctuation) 222–23 objects as sources 84–87 Perkins, Charles 149 obsolete words 166–68 Perkins, Rachel 40 ‘offi cial’ documents 54 permissions 84, 220, 226 omniscience, claiming 188–89 personal experience, writing inspired by 18 On Writing Well: Th e Classic Guide to personality types 110–11 Writing Nonfi ction 159 Peters, Pam 159 ‘one’ as pronoun 165 PhD theses 27–29, 31, 144 opinion pieces 43–44 Phillips, Caryl 180 oral histories 91–99 photocopying and photographing 72–76, direct speech in 192–94 82–83 in popular works 5 physiognomic languages 60 260 Index
place, responses to 88 Q plagiarism 202–5 Queensland 16–17, 60 planning of research 53–54 question titles 121–22 plurals and singulars 165 quotations, see also footnoting Plutarch 132 archaisms in 167 podcasts 42, 46–47 checking of 224 poignancy of archives 66–67 derogatory terms in 170 points of view 149–57, 203 epigraphs as 134 political issues in textbook writing 32 fl avour given by 168 popular histories 4–5 from primary sources 190–92 footnoting 205–6 in PhD theses 28 scholarship in 207–9 in titles 120 titles for 118–22 introducing authors of 201 writing 33–35 Portelli, Alessandro 91 R positivity 128 race-based classifi cation, see minority groups post-publishing follow-up 233 race histories 15, 59–60 ‘Postcoloniality and the Artifi ce of radio scripts 42 History: Who Speaks for “Indian” Ranke, Leopold von 7 Pasts?’ 30 rare documents and materials, use of 70–74 postmodernism 9–10, 164 Rashomon 155 pre-literate societies 81 readers’ reports 229–30 prefaces 125–27 record collection searches 53 present recorded oral histories 92 links to past 14–15, 138 Rediker, Marcus 138–39, 191 using language from 166–67 reference books 32–33 present tense 160 referencing, see citation; footnoting Price, Richard 155–56 Reforming Men and Women: Gender in the primary sources 26–27, 49, 67–68 Antebellum City 125 printed drafts 213 relics of saints 86 privacy documents 69 Remembering Ahanagran 39 prizes, nomination for 233 repetition 164–65 Professor and the Madman, Th e 121 Representations 30 project journals 20 research 48–79 Proof and Truth: Th e Humanist as Expert for fi lm and television 41 236 insuffi ciency of 112, 114 proof-reading 226–27 note taking 72–76 prose, elements of 160–77 online surveys 46 psychoanalytical approach 188 paying others to do 72 public libraries 65 planning 53–54 publishers 210–11, 232 selecting a project 19 punctuation 221–23 when to stop 99–100 purity of concepts 175 research essays 26 Pybus, Cassandra 205–6 research proposals 19–20 Index 261
Return of Martin Guerre, Th e 187 ‘Short History of...’ titles 118 reviews 232–38 Sicily, storytellers in 80–81 revision and reworking 106, 212–31 sight 184–85 rhetoric 151, 168 signposting 134–36, 215–16 rhythm 163 singulars and plurals 165 rigour in history writing 8 Slave Ship: A Human History, Th e 138–39, Roman histories 132 191 Roper, Lyndal 133 slummer journalism 88 Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves and the smell 184–85 American Revolution 4 Smith, Bonnie 177 Rowntree and the Marketing Revolution 38 Sobel, Dava 121 rules of library use 69–70 social exploration 88 Russell, Penny 183–84 sound, sense of 184–85 Russian histories 132 sources 48–79 Russia’s Sputnik Generation 156 digital 64–65 emotions depicted in 179 S fact checking of 224 saints, relics of 86 in research proposals 20 Salmond, Anne 128–30 interpreting 56 sample essays 203 loaned, returning 97 Saunders, Kay 16 non-written 80–100 scanners, use of 97 objects as 84–87 Schama, Simon 4, 208 planning access to 53 scholarly histories 4, 30–31 primary 26–27, 49, 67–68 scholarship in popular histories 207–9 quoting from 190–92 science, history as 7–8, 25 returning to 227–29 Scott, Joan Wallach 30, 183 secondary 26–27, 51 Scott, Walter 186 types of 61–64 Sea Captain’s Wife, Th e 154, 182 special-purpose reports 35–40 search engines in research 203–4 specialist journal articles 29–30 Searching for the Secret River 181–82 specialist libraries 54, 65, 71, 83 Second World War 137–38 speculation 182 secondary sources 26–27, 51 speech, quoting 190–91 Secret River, Th e 180–81 spelling 221–23 Sedgwicks in Love, Th e 40 Steinberg, Jonathan 37–38 semi-colons 222 stereotyping 170 seminar presentations 114–15 Stone, Lawrence 176 sense of audience 25 storytellers 80–81 senses, in history 184–86 stout pair of boots, need for 87–90 sentences 161–63, 168–69, 218–19 structuralism 173–74, 176 Seven Ordeals of Count Cagliostro, Th e 129–30 structure, developing 141–42 Shattered Dreams: An Oral History of the Strunk, William 159 South African Epidemic 156 student essays 27–29 ‘sheilas’ 169 style 158–77, 221–22 262 Index
Style Manual: For Editors, Authors and Th e Return of Martin Guerre 187 Printers 210 Th e Sea Captain’s Wife 154, 182 subheadings 145, 215 Th e Secret River 180–81 subject choice 13–23 Th e Sedgwicks in Love 40 subtitles 123–25 Th e Seven Ordeals of Count Cagliostro superscripts 208 129–30 support groups 114 Th e Slave Ship: A Human History 138–39, suspense 145–49 191 Sydney landscape 61–63 Th e Ten Commandments 151 Th e Tyranny of Distance 147–48 T Th e Whig Interpretation of History 8 talkback radio 42 theme vs chronology 141–42 taste 184–85 theses, see PhD theses Tawney, R.H. 88 thinking, clear 215–16 technology in recording oral histories third person omniscient narration 152 94 Th is Republic of Suff ering: Death and the teleological narratives 188 American Civil War 4 television scripts 40–41 Th ompson, E.P. 142–43, 194–95 Ten Commandments, Th e 151 three-dimensional objects as sources tense 160–61 84–87 tensions, establishing 128 Th ucydides 6, 192 terminology 163–64, 167–71 time management 105–7 textbooks, writing 31–32 timelines 141 Th e Age of Capital 143 timetable in research proposal 20 Th e Blacks in Canada: A History 170 Titanic 146 Th e Broken Years 150–51 titles 118–25 Th e Cheese and the Worms 131, 187–88 topic sentences 160 Th e Common Writer 103 touch, sense of 184–85 Th e Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation trade books, see popular histories 127 transcripts in oral histories 97 Th e Edwardian Country House 40 travel for research 68–69 Th e Elements of Style 159 Tredinnick, Mark 107, 159, 161 Th e Footnote: A Curious History 206 Trevelyan, George Macaulay 8 Th e Gender of History 176 Trinity College Library 85 Th e Great War 139 tripods for photography 74 Th e Guns of August 147 ‘Triumph’ titles 120 Th e Hemingses of Monticello: An American truncations 166 Family 4, 40 Truss, Lynne 222 Th e History of England 7–8 Tuchman, Barbara 147 Th e Making of the English Working Class two-sided titles 123–25 142–43 Two Worlds: First Meetings between Maori Th e Middle Ground 129, 177 and Europeans 128–29 Th e Nature of History 9 Tylor, E.B. 81 Th e Professor and the Madman 121 Tyranny of Distance, Th e 147–48 Index 263
U Winks, Robin W. 170 uncertainty, sense of 146 Wolfe, Patrick 30 undergraduate essays 26–27 women’s history 15, 89 Unredeemed Captive 153 word choice 163–64, 167–71 ‘Untold Story’ titles 119 ‘word containers’ 84 Wordsworth, William 108 V workshop groups 112–13 variety 218–19 World War II 137–38 verbatim reports 190–91 World Wide Web Vietnam war 128 access to in libraries 73 visual sources 82–84 digital sources on 64–65 voice 159, 221–23 downloadable delivery 46–47 von Ranke, Leopold 7 electronic texts on 30 footnotes uploaded to 209 W marketing on 233 Wakefi eld, Edward Gibbon 124 online surveys 46 Walking the Camino 205 sample essays on 203 walking, thinking during 107–8 search engines 51, 203–4 Wallace, Alfred Russel 89–90 writing for 45–46 Ward, Alan 57 writer’s block 101–16 wear-patterns of children’s costumes 87 writing companion model 113–14 websites, see World Wide Web writing problems when to write 105–7 boredom 116 where to write 103–4 disconnectedness 107 Whig Interpretation of History, Th e 8 dislike of own work 102 White, E.G. 159 fl ow 113 White, Hayden 9–10, 137 insuffi cient research 112, 114 White Over Black 196–97 stuck reworking 106 White, Richard 39, 129, 177 when to stop editing 230–31 Who Do You Th ink You Are? 40 writing workshops 112–13 Wikipedia 51 written sources, see sources Wikis 46 Wilde, Oscar 211 Y Wilkes, John 143–44 Young, NSW 90 Williams, Bert 180 Williams, Bismark 195 Z Williams, John 191–92 Zinsser, William Knowlton 159 Winchester, Simon 121 Zotero software 77–79