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Cast of Characters Selected List of Historians and Other Scholars and Writers Cited in the Text Historians Dates Nationality Wilbur C. Abbott 1869–1947 American LordActon 1834–1902 English BrooksAdams 1848–1927 American Charles Francis Adams 1835–1915 American George Burton Adams 1851–1925 American Henry Adams 1838–1918 American Konrad Adenauer 1876–1967 German Archibald Alison 1792–1867 Scottish Grant Allen 1848–1899 English Jacques Amyot 1513–1593 French Aristotle 384–322B.C. Greek Thomas Arnold 1795–1842 English William C. Atkinson 1902–1992 English W. H Auden 1907–1973 American St. Augustine 354–430 North African Herman Ausubel 1920–1977 American Sir Francis Bacon 1561–1626 English Philip Bagby 1918–1959 English Walter Bagehot 1826–1877 English George Bancroft 1800–1891 American Harry Elmer Barnes 1889–1968 American Geoffrey Barraclough 1908–1984 English Paul Barth 1858–1922 German Jacques Barzun 1907– American 257 258 Cast of Characters Historians Dates Nationality Charles A. Beard 1874–1948 American Mary R. Beard 1876–1956 American Carl L. Becker 1873–1945 American Howard Becker 1899–1960 American Edward S. Beesly 1831–1915 English Lee Benson 1948– American Isaiah Berlin 1909–1998 English Ernst Bernheim 1850–1922 German Olivier Bernier 1930– French/American Henri Berr 1863–1954 French Otto von Bismarck 1815–1896 German John B. Black 1883–1964 English Marc Bloch 1886–1944 French Franz Boas 1858–1942 German/American Kenneth E. Bock 1916– American Jean Bodin 1530–1596 French Napoleon Bonaparte 1769–1821 French Bishop Jacques Bossuet 1627–1704 French James Boswell 1740–1795 Scottish Fernand Braudel 1902–1985 French Kurt Breysig 1866–1940 German Crane Brinton 1898–1968 American James Bryce 1838–1922 English Henry Thomas Buckle 1821–1862 English William C. Bullitt 1891–1967 American Jacob Burckhardt 1818–1897 Swiss Ernest W. Burgess 1886–1966 American John W. Burgess 1844–193 1 American Jean Buridan 1300–1358 French Edmund Burke 1729–1797 Irish/English John B. Bury 1861–1927 Irish Herbert Butterfield 1901–1979 English Tomasso Companella 1568–1639 Italian Thomas Carlyle 1775–1881 Scottish Edward Hallett Carr 1892–1982 English Kwan-chih Chang 1931– Chinese/American Francois Chateaubriand 1768–1848 French Lord Chesterfield 1694–1773 English Edward P. Cheyney 1861–1947 American V. Gordon Childe 1892–1957 Australian/Ehglish John L. Clive 1924–1990 American Thomas C. Cochran 1902–1999 American Morris R. Cohen 1880–1947 American Selected List of Historians 259 Historians Dates Nationality Charles W. Colby 1867–1955 Canadian Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772–1834 English R. G. Collingwood 1889–1943 English Henry Steele Commager 1902–1998 American Auguste Comte 1798–1857 French Marie-Jean-Antoine Condorcet 1743–1794 French Edwin Grant Conklin 1863–1952 American Rushton Coulborn 1907–1968 American Benedetto Croce 1866–1952 Italian J. G. Crowther 1899– English Jean Le Rond D’Alembert 17 17– 1783 French Leonardo da Vinci 1452–1519 Italian Lloyd De Mause 1931– American René Descartes 1596–1650 French Denis Diderot 1713–1784 French Wilhelm Dilthey 1833_1911 German John William Draper 181 1–1882 American Johann Gustav Droysen 1808–1884 German William A. Dunning 1847–1922 American Victor Duruy 1811–1894 French Fred Eggan 1906–1991 American Albert Einstein 1879–1955 German/Swiss Geoffrey R. Elton 1920–1994 English Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803–1882 American Ephraim Emerton 1851–1935 American Frederick Engels 1820–1895 German Leonhard Euler 1707–1783 Swiss Lucien Febvre 1878–1956 French Alfred Feder 1872–1927 German Francois de Fénélon 1651–1715 French Johann Gottfried Fichte 1762–1814 German Moses I. Finley 1912–1986 American/English H. A. L. Fisher 1865–1940 English John Fiske 1842–1901 American Fred Morrow Fling 1860–1934 American Robert Flint 1838–1910 Scottish Bernard De Fontenelle 1657–1757 French Anatole France 1844–1924 French Jerome Frank 1889–1957 American Tenney Frank 1876–1939 American James G. Frazer 1854–1941 Scottish Edward A. Freeman 1823–1892 English Sigmund Freud 1856–1939 Austrian 260 Cast of Characters Historians Dates Nationality Jean Froissart 1333–1400? French James Anthony Froude 1818–1894 English Numa Fustel de Coulanges 1830–1889 French Francis Galton 1822–1911 English Patrick Gardiner 1922– English Peter Gay 1923– American Pieter Geyl 1887–1966 Dutch Edward Gibbon 1737–1794 English Morris Ginsberg 1889–1970 English William Ewarts Gladstone 1809–1898 English Joseph Arthur Gobineau 1816–1882 French Alexander Goldenweiser 1880–1940 American Stephen Jay Gould 1941– American Alvin W. Gouldner 1920– American Arthur James Grant 1862–1948 English J. R. Green 1837–1883 English Thomas Hill Green 1836–1882 English Jacob Grimm 1785–1863 German George Grote 1794–1871 English Philip Guedalla 1889–1944 English M. J. Guest 1839–1909 English Francois Guizot 1787–1874 French Ludwig Gumplowicz 1838–1909 Polish Henry Hallam 1777–1859 English Oscar Handlin 1915– American Carlton J. H. Hayes 1882–1964 American Arnold Ludwig Heeren 1760–1842 German Georg W. F. Hegel 1770–1831 German Werner Heisenberg 1901–1976 German Johann Gottfried von Herder 1744–1803 German Christian Gottlob Heyne 1729–1812 German John Higham 1920– American Gertrude Himmelfarb 1922– American Philip Hitti 1886–1978 American Homer C. Hockett 1875–1960 American Richard Hofstadter 1916–1970 American C. Warren Hollister 1930–1997 American Sidney Hook 1902–1989 American Walter E. Houghton 1904–1941 American Floyd House 1893–1975 American Michael Howard 1922– English H. Stuart Hughes 1916– American Johan Huizinga 1872–1945 Dutch Selected List of Historians 261 Historians Dates Nationality David Hume 1711–1776 Scottish Julian Huxley 1887–1975 English Thomas Henry Huxley 1825–1895 English Washington Irving 1783–1859 American Andrew Jackson 1767–1845 American Gabriel Jackson 1921– American William James 1842–1910 American William Stanley Jevons 1835–1882 English Samuel Johnson 1709–1784 English Immanuel Kant 1724–1804 German Justin Kaplan 1925– American Albert G. Keller 1874–1956 American Johannes Kepler 1571–1630 German Abdal-Raman ibn-Khaldun 1332–1406 Arabic Martin Luther King, Jr. 1929–1968 American Charles Kingsley 1819–1875 English Edna E. Kramer 1902–1984 American A. L. Kroeber 1876–1960 American Joseph Wood Krutch 1893–1970 American George Kubler 1912–1996 American Karl Lamprecht 1856–1903 German Charles V. Langlois 1863–1929 French Henry C. Lea 1825–1909 American Gustave Le Bon 1841–1931 French W. E. H. Lecky 1838–1931 English Gordon Leff 1926– English Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1646–17 16 German Alexander Lesser 1902–1982 American Robert Jay Lifton 1926– American Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865 American Brett J. Loewenberg 1905–1974 American Robert H. Lowie 1883–1957 American Lucretius 99–55B.C. Roman Emil Ludwig 1881–1948 German Gabriel Bonnet de Mably 1709–1785 French Thomas Babington Macaulay 1800–1859 English Joseph de Maistre 1753–1821 French David Samuel Margouliath 1858–1940 English Felix Markham 1908–1992 English James Martineau 1805–1900 English Karl Marx 1818–1883 German William H. McNeill 1917– American Friedrich Meinecke 1862–1954 German 262 Cast of Characters Historians Dates Nationality Eduard Meyer 1855–1930 German Jules Michelet 1798–1874 French Francois Auguste Mignet 1796–1884 French John Stuart Mill 1806–1873 English Theodor Mommsen 1817–1903 German Gabriel Monod 1844–1912 French Charles de Secondat Montesquieu 1689–1755 French John L. Motley 1814–1877 American George P. Murdock 1897–1985 American Gilbert Murray 1866–1957 English Sir Lewis B. Namier 1888–1960 English Lynn H. Nelson 1931– American Allan Nevins 1890–1971 American Sir Isaac Newton 1642–1727 English Barthold Georg Niebuhr 1776–1831 German Max Nordau 1849–1923 German Michael Oakeshott 1901–1990 English Sir Charles Oman 1860–1946 English Robert E. Park 1864–1944 American Francis Parkman 1823–1893 American Blaise Pascal 1623–1662 French Mark Pattison 1813–1884 English Edward John Payne 1844–1904 American Harold Perkin 1926– English Charles Petit-Dutailles 1868–1947 French Henri Pirenne 1862–1935 Belgian George Plekhanov 1857–1918 Russian John H. Plumb 1911– English Plutarch A.D.46–120 Greek Polybius 203–125 B.C. Greco-Roman Frederick York Powell 1850–1904 English Sir Maurice Powicke 1879–1963 English William H. Prescott 1796–1859 American Sir Walter Raleigh 1552–1618 English Leopold von Ranke 1795–1886 German Friedrich Ratzel 1844–904 German Hans Reichenbach 1891–1953 German/American Ernest Renan 1823–1892 French Colin Renfrew 1937– English G. J. Renier 1892–1962 Dutch/English Heinrich Rickert 1863–1936 German Selected List of Historians 263 Historians Dates Nationality William Robertson 1721–1793 Scottish James Harvey Robinson 1863–1936 American Charles Rollin 1661–1741 French Edward A. Ross 1866–1951 American A. L. Rowse 1903–1997 English Steven Runciman 1903– English W. G. Runciman 1934– English Bertrand Russell 1872–1970 English Edward N. Saveth 1913– American Saint-Simon 1760–1825 French Charles Auguste Sainte-Beuve 1804–1869 French J. Salwyn Schapiro 1879–1974 American Friedrich von Schelling 1775–1854 German Friedrich von Schlegél 1772–1829 German Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. 1888–1965 American Sir Walter Scott 1771–1832 Scottish Henri Sée 1864–1936 French John Robert Seeley 1834–1895 English Charles Seignobos 1854–1942 French Edward R. A. Seligman 1861–1939 American Elman R. Service 1915–1996 American James T. Shotwell 1874–1965 American Georg Simmel 1858–1918 German William Milligan Sloane 1850–1928 American Goldwin Smith 1823–1910 English Lacey Baldwin Smith 1922– American Preserved Smith 1880–1941 American Pitirim A. Sorokin 1889–1968 Russian/American Herbert Spencer 1820–1903 English Benedict de (Baruch) Spinoza 1632–1677 Dutch Chester G. Starr 1914– American Sir Leslie Stephen 1832–1904 English Fritz Stern 1926– American Lawrence Stone 1919–1999 English Lytton Strachey 1880–1932 English William Stubbs 1825–1901 English J. W. Swain 1820–1895 American John R. Swanton 1873–1958 American John Addington Symonds 1840–1893 English Tacitus A.D. 55–117 Roman Hippolyte Taine 1828–1892 French Gabriel Tarde 1843–1904 French 264 Cast of Characters Historians Dates Nationality Niccolò Tartaglia 1499–1557 Italian Richard H.
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  • Eleanor and the Angevin Empire

    Eleanor and the Angevin Empire

    Eleanor and the Angevin Empire History Lesson 2 of an enquiry of 4 lessons Enquiry: What can the life of Eleanor of Aquitaine tell us about who held power in the Middle Ages? Ms Barnett Mr Arscott 1152 Eleanor’s marriage to King Louis VII of France ended in 1152. Once the couple had separated Eleanor returned to Aquitaine to rule as Duchess. Aged 28, Eleanor once again became a desired bride in Europe. She was single, young enough to have more children and in charge of a powerful and rich area of southern France. Eleanor was so desirable as a bride that two men tried to kidnap her on her journey from Paris to Aquitaine. Eleanor managed to avoid capture. Instead she focused on entering into marriage in a more traditional way. 8 weeks and 2 days after her separation from Louis, Eleanor married once again. Eleanor and Henry Eleanor’s second husband was 19 year old Henry. He was Duke of Normandy as well as the Count of Anjou and Maine. This marriage was controversial at the time. Firstly Henry was 9 years younger than Eleanor. Traditionally in the Middle Ages older men married younger women, not the other way round! Also, Eleanor’s second marriage happened only 8 weeks after her separation from King Louis. A chronicle from the time said that Eleanor and Henry married “without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank.” It wasn’t a big ceremony and didn’t reflect their wealth and importance. Why was this wedding arranged so quickly? Increased territories It is possible the wedding took place quickly because Henry was seen as a controversial choice.