Condor, 82:69-75 0 The Cooper Ornithologml Society 1980

ADDITIONS TO THE AVIFAUNA OF

J. V. REMSEN, JR.

AND ROBERT S. RIDGELY

ABSTRACT.-Records of 30 are newly reported for Bolivia, based on the authors ’ field work and hitherto unpublished museum specimens. Three additional difficult-to-identify species are reported without specimen or pho- tographic evidence. Some of the records could have been expected while others indicate notable range expansions.

In 1976 and 1977, we saw many species of Elanus leucurus. White-tailed Kite. Pre- in Bolivia not previously reported viously unreported from Bolivia (Meyer de from that country. Subsequent investiga- Schauensee 1966, 1970), the White-tailed tions concerning Bolivian records led Kite seems now to be widespread in south- to the discovery of a number of additional ern Bolivia at the base of the and in species new to Bolivia represented by pre- well-watered intermontane valleys. Ridge- viously unpublished specimens in the Lou- lys’ specific observations were as follows: a isiana State University Museum of Zoology pair near Pampa Grande, western Dpto. (LSUMZ). All were collected by Franz Santa Cruz, on 9 and 29 April 1977; a pair Steinbach of Cochabamba, unless stated near San Isidro, western Dpto. Santa Cruz, otherwise. We report below on our records on 10 and 23-26 April 1977; a single and a and the Steinbach specimens. pair north of Camiri, extreme southern Localities frequently referred to in the Dpto. Santa Cruz, on 1 May 1977; a pair species accounts are: (1) Tumi Chucua, north of Machareti, eastern Dpto. Chuquisa- along the Rio Beni near Riberalta (Dpto. ca, on 3 May 1977; and a pair near Villa- Beni), described in detail by Pearson montes, eastern Dpto. Tarija, on 4 May (1975a, 1975c); (2) Estancia Inglaterra, a cat- 1977. This kite, which has recently expand- tle ranch along the Rio Yata (Dpto. Beni), ed its range and numbers dramatically in 66”25W,’ 14”43S;’ the habitat is a mixture of Middle America (Eisenmann 1971), may marsh, grassland, savanna, and gallery for- well have spread into Bolivia from adjacent est; (3) Buena Vista, elev. 400 m, Prov. Ich- northwestern Argentina, where it is now ilo (Dpto. Santa Cruz), a locality worked in- fairly common (Ridgely, pers. observ.). tensively through the years by J. Steinbach Harpyhaliaetus solitarius. Solitary Eagle. and Franz Steinbach; (4) the vicinity of the Although recorded regularly only as far city of Cochabamba, 2,570 m (Dpto. Coch- south as central Peru (Brown and Amadon abamba). 1968, Blake 1977), a single record from northwestern Argentina (in Blake 1977) in- ESTABLISHED RECORDS dicates this species should occur in southern Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grebe. Peru and Bolivia. A specimen (LSUMZ There is apparently no published record 35663) was taken at El Palmar, Prov. Cha- from Bolivia for this widespread species pare (Dpto. Cochabamba) on 20 Nov. 1948. (Blake 1977). Six specimens (LSUMZ Ridgely also photographed one (LSUMZ 35579, 35580, 36954-36957) were taken at Photo File) in an arid intermontane valley Cochabamba in Feb., March (2), May, July, northeast of San Isidro, ca. 1,500 m (Dpto. and Dec. (1954-1958). Another specimen Santa Cruz) on April 1977, and saw another (LSUMZ 35581) was collected on 12 Dec. pair in more typical, forested habitat in the 1943 at San Carlos, 400 m, Prov. Ichilo Chapare region SW of Villa Tunari, ca. 900 (Dpto. Santa Cruz). Ridgely saw at least six m (Dpto. Cochabamba) on 20 March 1977. individuals on 2 May 1977 northeast of Bo- Spizastur melanoleucus. Black-and-White yuibe, extreme southern Dpto. Santa Cruz. Hawk-Eagle. Although reported to occur in Dendrocygna bicolor. Fulvous Whistling- Bolivia by Brown and Amadon (1968) and Duck. As with the previous species, there Short (I975), there is apparently no pub- is apparently no published record from Bo- lished specimen record (Blake 1977). A livia (Blake 1977). A specimen (LSUMZ specimen (LSUMZ 37088) was taken at 37006) was collected at Buena Vista by J. Buena Vista on 25 July 1947. Additionally, Steinbach on 30 Jan. 1926. Remsen saw this species once in wet savan- I691 70 J. V. REMSEN, JR. AND ROBERT S. RIDGELY na habitat at Ea. Inglaterra on 1 Dec. 1976 (Blake 1977). A specimen (LSUMZ 35650) and once over disturbed tropical forest near was taken on 10 March 1945 at Buena Vista. Villa Tunari, Prov. Chapare (Dpto. Cocha- A second specimen taken at Rio Yapacani, bamba) on 19 Jan. 1977. In both cases the Prov. Ichilo (Dpto. Santa Cruz) on 18 April birds were distinguished from the similarly 1945 was exchanged to the Instituto “Miguel plumaged immature Gray-headed Kite Lillo,” Tucumbn, Argentina. (Leptodon cayanensis) by shape; the latter Larus pip&an. Franklins’ Gull. This mi- has relatively broader, shorter wings and gratory gull, breeding in interior North broader, longer tail than Spizastur. Ridgely America, was recently reported in South also saw one near San Matias, extreme America away from the Pacific coast for the northeast Dpto. Santa Cruz, on 26 March first time by Hughes (1977) on the Peruvian 1977. shore of Lake Titicaca. On 10 March 1977, Pandion haliaetus. Osprey. The range along the southeastern shore of Lake Titi- given for this species by Brown and Ama- caca on the Bolivian shore (elev. 3,810 m), don (1968) includes much of Bolivia, but Ridgely observed considerable numbers of apparently there are no published records this species consorting with much larger from the country (Blake 1977), except for numbers of the Andean Gull (Larus serran- those of Pearson (1975c) from Tumi Chu- us). At least 300 were counted in a series of cua. Remsen also saw this species at Tumi flocks between Huatajata and Huarina, Chucua, from one to four per day 5-20 Nov. Dpto. La Paz. Compared to L. serranus, the 1976 and 30 Dec. 1976 to 13 Jan. 1977. Rem- Franklins’ Gulls were notably smaller with sen also saw single Ospreys at Ea. Inglater- much darker mantles. Ridgely observed ra on 10 and 15 Dec. 1976 and one to four another Franklins’ Gull, also with Andean birds on six days between 2 and 12 Feb. Gulls, in adjacent Peru on a smaller lake 1977 in the Parque National Isiboro-Secure near Laguna Saracocha (elev. ca. 4,000 m), area described below under Cathartes bur- Dpto. Puno, 6 Mar. 1977. rovianus. Sterna hirundo. Common Tern. Inland Falco peregrinus. Peregrine Falcon. The records of this species in South America range given for Falco peregrinus by Brown have recently been summarized by Di- and Amadon (1968) includes Bolivia, but Costanzo (1978). Remsen saw an immature apparently there are no published specimen Common Tern on 5 Nov. 1976 at Tumi Chu- records (Meyer de Schauensee 1966, Blake cua, one of the same Bolivian localities 1977). A specimen (LSUMZ 37111) was tak- where a banded bird was recovered a year en at Chipiriri, 300 m, Prov. Chapare (Dpto. later (DiCostanzo 1978). Remsen saw two Cochabamba) on 8 Nov. 1962. Remsen also birds there again on 8 Nov. 1976. The rel- saw this species in Bolivia at Lago Uru-uru atively long bill and neck and rather broad, (Dpto. Oruro) on 29 Jan. 1977 and at Coch- blurry black tips to the undersides of the abamba on 24 Feb. 1977; both individuals primaries were noted, eliminating the very were in immature , as is the spec- similar (but highly unlikely inland) Arctic imen Ridgely found this species to be rath- Tern (Sterna paradisaea; which has a rela- er numerous in the Pulquina and Lagunilla tively shorter bill and neck and very sharply areas, Dpto. Santa Cruz; one or two, mostly defined black tips on undersides of prima- adults, were seen daily 22-28 April 1977; ries). A S. hirundo specimen (LSUMZ none, however, was in the area in March. 37200) from Bolivia was taken at Cochabam- He also saw another south of the city of San- ba on 1 Dec. 1954. ta Cruz on 29 April 1977. It seems likely Another inland record, not mentioned by that this species is a widespread migrant in DiCostanzo (1978), is that from Limonco- Bolivia. cha, Prov. Napo, Ecuador on 27 Dec. 1975 Falco deiroleucus. Orange-breasted Fal- (Tallman and Tallman 1977; LSUMZ 82871). con. Although occurring in northwestern It seems likely that this species will prove Argentina and eastern Peru (Meyer de to be a regular but rare migrant in Novem- Schauensee 1966, Blake 1977), there is no ber and December in interior South Amer- Bolivian record for this rare and spottily dis- ica. It is unlikely, however, that these birds tributed species. A specimen (LSUMZ are following rivers inland thousands of 37112) was taken at Buena Vista on 20 Nov. miles from the coast, and 90” away from 1944. It is likely that this species occurs lo- their normal north-to-south direction of cally in eastern Bolivia, as assumed by Brown movement at this time of year, as proposed and Amadon (1968). by DiCostanzo (1978). More likely, these Accipiter superciliosus. Tiny Hawk. This inland records pertain to overland, north- species has not been recorded from Bolivia south migrants; this species exhibits this BOLIVIAN AVIFAUNA 71 same pattern in interior North America. All (1975b, c) at Tumi Chucua. A specimen inland records to date are along rivers be- (LSUMZ 37520) was taken at Buena Vista cause these are the only localities with both on 20 Feb. 1964. Remsen found this species observers and suitable habitat. to be one of the most frequently seen birds Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus. Hyacinth in the savannas at Ea. Inglaterra. It was re- Macaw. Heretofore recorded only from Bra- corded every day but one between 23 Nov. zil (Meyer de Schauensee 1966; Forshaw and 26 Dec. 1976, with as many as 50 re- 1973), this spectacular macaw was found in corded in a day (mean = 12 birds/day). John small numbers by Gaston Bejarano in Au- P. ONeill’ (pers. comm.) saw hundreds of gust 1975 near San Matias, extreme eastern this species on the Bolivian side of the Rio Dpto. Santa Cruz near the Brazilian border, Heath in extreme northwestern Bolivia in and independently by Ridgely at Ea. Santa August 1977; specimens were collected, but Maria, ca. 80 km SW of San Matias from 26 only on the Peruvian side of the river. March to 1 April 1977. Photographs (Ridge- Remsen visited Pearsons’ (1975a, b, c) ly) have been deposited in the LSUMZ study site at Tumi Chucua from 4 Nov. to Photo File. The macaws inhabited small is- 23 Nov. 1976 and from 29 Dec. 1976 to 15 lands of unflooded gallery forest in an area Jan. 1977, but did not see a single Red-bel- of pantanal (seasonally inundated grass- lied Macaw. Pearsons’ visit extended from land), which during Ridgelys’ visit was 14 Sept. to 15 Nov. 1972, during which time largely covered with 0.5 to 1 m of water. “one could easily see 200 individuals every Pairs or groups of up to four individuals morning and evening . . . .” Clearly, this (families?) were seen almost daily. On one species ’ status at Tumi Chucua drastically occasion, Ridgely saw a group of three changes annually or seasonally. Remsens’ perched close to a pair of Red-and-green previous experience with this species Macaws (Ara chloroptera), but otherwise would indicate that it is highly mobile, per- they did not associate with other species. haps performing long-distance migrations: Ranch-hands were well aware of the pres- at Isla de Santa Sofia II, an island in the ence of this macaw but said they did not Amazon River about 40 km northwest of disturb the birds. Ridgely was shown one Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia, Remsen saw large tree cavity about 10 m above the groups of 2 to 51 birds flying high overhead ground reportedly used as a nest during the usually in a southeasterly direction, on at dry season. With such a startling range ex- least 25 days between 15 June and 13 Nov. tension, one can only speculate on the (I974 and 1975). southern limit of this species in eastern Bo- Pionopsitta barrabandi. Orange-cheeked livia, but it seems likely to occur southward Parrot. Remsen saw two individuals flying in similar pantanal habitat along the Rio overhead at Tumi Chucua on 10 Nov. 1976. Curiche Grande, the boundary between The black head with orange cheeks, yellow Santa Cruz and Mato Grosso, Brasil. upperwing coverts, red underwing coverts, Ara nob&. Red-shouldered Macaw. This and flight calls (“tuweet”) very similar to species was one of the most common birds those of the Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus in Nov.-Dec. 1976 at Ea. Inglaterra, where menstruus) were all noted. On 18 Nov. recorded daily by Remsen, with as many as 1976, a flock of 10 was watched for several 65 to as few as 4 (averaging 20-30 per day). minutes in the canopy at the edge of dis- Occasionally, small flocks were seen forag- turbed terra firme forest about 1 km south ing in treetops along rivers, but most birds of Tumi Chucua. This species is so distinc- were seen only passing overhead. The flight tive that confusion with any other psittacid call is a rasping, nasal “crank” of medium is improbable. There is no previous report pitch, somewhat similar to call notes of for this species from Bolivia (Meyer de Clarks’ Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) Schauensee 1966, 1970; Forshaw 1973). of western North America. This small ma- Amazona ochrocephala. Yellow-headed caw looks like a large Aratinga parakeet in Parrot. Remsen saw this species almost dai- flight, all green except for red shoulders, red ly in Nov. and Dec. 1976 in gallery forest at underwing coverts, white eye-ring and pale Ea. Inglaterra. Usually only one pair was bill. There are apparently no previous re- seen daily, with eight the maximum record- ports from Bolivia (Meyer de Schauensee ed in a day. Remsen photographed a bird 1966, 1970; Forshaw 1973), surprising in taken on an unknown date from a nest at light of its abundance in central Bolivia. Inglaterra. John Farrand, Jr. (pers. comm.) Ara manilata. Red-bellied Macaw. The identified this individual from the photo as only published reports of this species in Amazona ochrocephala nattereri. Farrand Bolivia are the sight records of Pearson also found a specimen of this race from Bo- 72 J. V. REMSEN, JR. AND ROBERT S. RIDGELY livia in the American Museum of Natural of this species from Peru, Mato Grosso, and History (AMNH 791782) collected by Juan northern Argentina, its presence in Bolivia Cue110 on 8 May 1965, 8 km north of Santa is not surprising. Cruz on the Rio Mamore, Dpto. Beni. Ad- Uropsalis Zyra. Lyre-tailed Nightjar. This ditionally, Remsen noted 2-8 Amazona species has been recorded in South America ochrocephala on 6 different days in Nov. only as far south as Dpto. Puno, Peru (Mey- 1976 and Jan. 1977 at Tumi Chucua in forest er de Schauensee 1966, 1970). A female bordering a large lake or at edges of clear- from Bolivia (LSUMZ 37355) taken at Alto ings. These are apparently the first pub- Palmar, 1,100 m, Prov. Chapare (Dpto. lished records for this species in Bolivia Cochabamba) on 26 Sept. 1940 provides a (Forshaw 1973).’ new southernmost record. Coccyzus erythropthatmus. Black-billed Reinarda squamata. Fork-tailed Palm- Cuckoo. There are apparently no published Swift. The Fork-tailed Palm-Swift was records for this species in Bolivia (Meyer de known from Bolivia only from the sight re- Schauensee 1966, 1970). A specimen cord of Pearson (1975b, c) who saw four (LSUMZ 37285) was taken at Chipiriri, 300 birds at Tumi Chucua on 3 Nov. 1972. In m, Prov. Chapare (Dpto. Cochabamba) on November 1976 and January 1977, Remsen 22 Nov. 1962 and another (LSUMZ 37286) found it virtually every day when looked for at Cochabamba on 14 March 1963. Ridgely around the airstrip or “national village,” also saw one bird just northwest of the city with the maximum recorded eight on 11 of Santa Cruz on 16 March 1977. Farther Jan. 1977. south than these two Bolivian localities At Ea. Inglaterra, this species was a rare there is apparently only one record: Mi- visitor to the vicinity of the ranch buildings; siones, Argentina (in Meyer de Schauensee Remsen saw one to three birds on seven 1966). dates between 23 Nov. and 21 Dec. 1976. Dromococcyx pavoninus. Pavonine Cuc- Recognizable photographs of this unmistak- koo. Although stated to occur in eastern Bo- able species were obtained on 3 Dec. 1976. livia by Short (1975), we can find no pub- Furnarius cristatus. Crested Hornero. lished, specific locality records. A specimen Found in the western, drier parts of the cha- (LSUMZ 35807) was taken at Buena Vista co in western and Argentina on 10 March 1945. Since the species has (Meyer de Schauensee 1966; Ridgely, pers. been recorded in adjacent areas of Argen- observ.), this species has not previously tina, Paraguay, and Brazil, its presence in been reported from Bolivia (Short 1975). On Bolivia was expected. 3 May 1977, Ridgely saw at least two pairs Ciccaba huh&. Black-banded Owl. Al- in dry scrub interspersed with lightly cul- though eastern Bolivia is included in the tivated lands south of Villamontes, Dpto. range of this species by Short (1975), we can Tarija. In behavior and comportment they find no published, specific locality records. were much like the widespread Rufous We have two specimens, one (LSUMZ Hornero (Furnarius rufus; common in the 37336) taken on 20 Nov. 1943 at Madrejon, area), but were instantly recognizable by and another (LSUMZ 37337) on 8 Aug. 1958 their prominent crests and smaller size. Pos- at Buena Vista, both 400 m, Prov. Ichilo sibly this conspicuous species has only re- (Dpto. Santa Cruz). With records from ad- cently colonized southeastern Bolivia, for it jacent portions of Argentina, Paraguay, Bra- appears unlikely that so thorough a collector zil, and Peru, its presence in Bolivia was as M. A. Carriker, Jr. (who worked here in certainly expected. 1936; see Bond and Meyer de Schauensee Lurocalis semitorquatus. Short-tailed 1942) would have missed it. F. cristatus is Nighthawk. This species apparently has common in the of adjacent Salta, Ar- never been recorded from Bolivia (Meyer gentina (Ridgely, pers. observ.). de Schauensee 1970). We know of three Bo- Cranioleuca curtata. Ash-browed Spine- livian specimens, one (LSUMZ 37345) from tail. This species has not been recorded Alto Palmar, elev. 1,100 m, Prov. Chapare south of Dpto. Cuzco, Peru (Meyer de (Dpto. Cochabamba) taken on 30 April 1951 Schauensee 1966). A specimen (LSUMZ and two (LSUMZ 36891,37344) from Coch- 37666) was taken at Alto Palmar, 1,100 m, abamba, on 16 June 1956 and 4 Oct. 1939. Prov. Chapare (Dpto. Cochabamba) on 30 Additionally, Ridgely saw one in the Cha- Nov. 1956. pare region southwest of Villa Tunari, ca. Thripadectes scrutator. Buff-throated 1,800 m, Dpto. Cochabamba, flying over for- Treehunter. Previously unknown outside of est at dusk on 20 April 1976. With records Peru (Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970), BOLIVIAN AVIFAUNA 73

this species was collected (LSUMZ 37657) flocks of tanagers and honeycreepers forag- at “Km 104,” Prov. Chapare (Dpto. Cocha- ing in forest canopy along a ridge just north- bamba) at 3,200 m elev. on 30 Nov. 1956. east of the town. Excellent views, from as Conopias trivirgata. Three-striped Fly- close as 10 m, were obtained looking down catcher. This species has apparently not from the ridge into the treetops. Their gen- been recorded from Bolivia (Meyer de eral appearance recalled a small, slim Sal- Schauensee 1966,197O). Although recorded tutor rather than a grosbeak, both in color over a wide area of South America to the pattern and bill shape. It was compared di- north, south, and east of Bolivia, actual lo- rectly with a Buff-throated Saltator (Saltutor calities are few and spottily distributed. A maximus) and was noticeably smaller. The specimen (LSUMZ 37932) was taken in Bo- head was gray with a broad, well-defined livia at Chipiriri, 300 m, Prov. Chapare black mask; the nape was gray, sharply con- (Dpto. Cochabamba) on 18 Nov. 1962. trasting with the bright olive-green back, Catharus fuscescens. Veery. This species tail, and wings; the shoulder area of the has been recorded in South America pri- wing was yellow; the throat was mottled marily north of the Amazon River, and it has blackish and was bordered by broad whitish not been recorded in Ecuador or Peru (Mey- malar stripes; the underparts were grayish, er de Schauensee 1966, 1970). Thus it was contrasting sharply with bright undertail co- very startling to discover a specimen verts. Remsen returned to the same area the (LSUMZ 38077) from central Bolivia taken next day, and studied the two birds again at Buena Vista on 10 March 1945. This re- from close range as they trailed a mixed- cord may be the farthest south ever for this species flock composed of (in descending species. order of abundance) Paradise Tanagers Dendroica petechia. Yellow Warbler. On (Tangara Chile&s), Masked Tanagers (T. 30 Dec. 1976 at Tumi Chucua, Remsen nigrocincta), Purple Honeycreepers (Cy- heard a rich chip note he thought sounded anerpes caeruleus), Yellow-bellied Tana- like that of the Yellow Warbler. Hoping to gers (T. xanthogastra), Green-and-gold learn which local resident species had call Tanagers (T. schrankii), White-shouldered notes so similar to that species, Remsen was Tanagers (Tachyphonus luctuosus), and surprised to find that the bird giving the Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana). The gros- notes was indeed a male Yellow Warbler. beaks were seen eating small fruits and The bright yellow head and underparts, the spent almost all their time in the canopy. contrasting, large-looking black eye, the dis- This species has not previously been re- tinct brownish streaks forming a necklace ported from Bolivia (Meyer de Schauensee on the breast, and the bright green-yellow 1966, 1970). back and wings were all seen clearly. The bird was observed for 10 min in small trees HYPOTHETICAL RECORDS in a garden. On 14 Jan. 1977, the same We would also like to report sight records (presumably) individual was seen within 15 of the following difficult-to-identify species m of the previous sighting. There are no whose inclusion on a list of Bolivian birds previous reports from Bolivia, or perhaps should await specimen or photographic con- from anywhere south of the Amazon River firmation even though we feel certain the (Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970). identification is correct: Tangara velia. Opal-rumped Tanager. On Cathartes burrouianus. Lesser Yellow-headed Vul- 5 Nov. 1976, Remsen saw four of these tan- ture. The range given for this species by Brown and agers in the canopy of disturbed terrafirme Amadon (1968) includes Bolivia, hut apparently there forest about 3 km south of Tumi Chucua. are no actual records from the country (Blake 1977). At Ea. Inglaterra, Remsen saw a few individuals almost On 6 and 11 Nov., two and four birds were every day between 28 Nov. and 22 Dec. 1976, with a seen there again. On 11 Jan. 1977, Remsen maximum of four in a single day. Additionally, Remsen collected one bird in the same area saw from 1 to 15 birds per day 1-14 Feb. 1977 in north- (LSUMZ 86244; female with largest ovum western Dpto. Cochabamba-along the lower Rio Chi- piriri, Rio Isiboro, and Rio Ichoa; much of this area is 1 x 1 mm; 19 g). The species has not pre- in the Parque National Isihoro-Secure. The habitat is viously been reported in Bolivia (Meyer de lowland tropical forest mixed with wet savanna. This Schauensee 1966, 1970). species was identified using the following set of char- Caryothraustes humeralis. Yellow-shoul- alters: yellow head as in t-he Greater Yellow-headed dered Grosbeak. On 20 Jan. 1977 at Villa Vulture (C. melambrotos) hut flight pattern and shape of a Turkey Vulture (C. aura) (melumbrotos has hroad- Tunari, Dpto. Cochabamba, at the eastern er wings and tail, does not hold its wings in as high a edge of the Andes, Remsen saw two Yellow- dhi’ e dra 1 , and the flight feathers, except the innermost shouldered Grosbeaks in mixed-species secondaries, do not contrast nearly as much with the 74 J. V. REMSEN, JR. AND ROBERT S. RIDGELY wing linings; the contrast of the pale inner secondaries Band-winged Nightjar (Caprimulgus Zon- with the darker outer secondaries and primaries is a girostris), Golden-crowned Flycatcher conspicuous field mark for melambrotos). (Myiodynastes chrysocephalus), Crowned Cypseloides rothschildi. Rothschilds’ Swift. Follow- ing Short (1975), we consider this form as a species Slaty-Flycatcher (Empidonomus aurantioa- distinct from the Sooty Swift (C. fumigatus) of south- trocristatus), Rusty-collared Seedeater eastern Brazil; rothschildi has apparently never been (Sporophila collaris), and perhaps others reported from Bolivia (Meyer de Schauensee 1966). we have missed. Pearson (1975b) also point- Short (1975), however, commented that it “may mi- ed out four species recorded from Bolivia grate N to Bolivia and Peru” from northwestern Ar- gentina, its presumed breeding grounds, while Olrog by Gyldenstolpe (1945) not listed for that (1963) noted that “no one knows where it migrates in country by Meyer de Schauensee (1966, winter, but it must be at least to Bolivia (Ridgely 1970). We would like to add four more transl.).” On 21 March 1976, Ridgely carefully studied species to that list: Green Ibis (Mesembri- a flock of at least 30 swifts which he identified as this species. They were flying low over an arid intermon- nibis cayennensis), Plain-breasted Ground- tane valley (ca. 1,500 m elev.) 3 to 4 km south of Ma- Dove (Columbina minuta), White-throated taral, extreme western Dpto. Santa Cruz. Identification Kingbird (Tyrunnus albogularis), and Red- in this is generally difficult, but though the ob- billed Pied Tanager (Lamprospiza melano- server had never before seen the species, these birds Zeuca). seemed very distinctive: they were very large (ap- pearing almost as big as the White-collared Swift, Streptoprocne zonaris), were strikingly pale brown ACKNOWLEDGMENTS overall (easily seen as the birds passed against dark backgrounds), and had long, apparently square tails. Remsens’ work in Bolivia was financed by a doctoral No really similar swift occurs in the Andes; the White- dissertation grant from the National Science Founda- chinned Swift (C. cryptus), the most similar, is much tion and the Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund of the smaller, darker brown, and has a short tail. Despite American Museum of Natural History. Ridgelys’ work considerable time in the general area during March in Bolivia was financed by the World Wildlife Fund and April 1977, the species was never again seen. (grant US-61). Both Remsen and Ridgely are grateful Premnornis guttuligeru. Rusty-winged Barbtail. Un- for assistance from many members of the Summer In- recorded south of Dpto. Cuzco in Peru (Meyer de stitute of Linguistics. We thank Ted. A. Parker, John Schauensee 1966), this species was observed by Ridge- P. ONeill,’ and David L. Pearson for comments on the ly on two occasions in forest undergrowth in the Cha- manuscript. We thank Gason Bejarano for permission pare region southwest of Villa Tunari (Dpto. Cocha- to publish his Hyacinth Macaw records. Julie Dillon bamba) ca. 1,100 m elev. Two were seen on 18 April Ridgely provided able field assistance. 1977, and at least one on 20 April, on both occasions as they accompanied small mixed flocks of forest un- LITERATURE CITED dergrowth birds. Though small in size and called a “barbtail,” this species looks and acts more like a small BLAKE, E. R. 1977. Manual of Neotropical birds. Vol. foliage-gleaner or CranioZeuca spinetail than it does 1. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago. Premnoplex (Spotted Barbtail), and is readily recog- BOND, J. AND R. MEYER DE SCHAUENSEE. 1942. The nized when seen closely, as is often possible. birds of Bolivia. Part I. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Suiriri affinis. Campos Flycatcher. Following Short 94:307-391. (1975), we consider this form as a species distinct from BOND, J. AND R. MEYER DE SCHAUENSEE. 1943. The S. suiriri of the chaco and adjacent regions; S. suiriri birds of Bolivia. Part II. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. occurs in southern and south-central Bolivia (Bond and 95:167-221. Meyer de Schauensee 1942; Ridgely, pers. observ.). BROWN, L. AND D. AMADON. 1968. Eagles, hawks, and Ridgely found it uncommon at Ea. Santa Maria, ca. 80 falcons of the world. Hamlyn, Feltham, Middlesex. km southwest of San Matias, extreme northeastern DICOSTANZO, J. 1978. Occurrences of the Common Dpto. Santa Cruz, from 26 March to 1 April 1977. Small Tern in the interior of South America. Bird-Band- numbers, averaging one to three per day, were seen ing 49:248-251. foraging in scattered low trees and shrubbery, and at EISENMANN, E. 1971. Range expansion and popula- the edge of gallery forest, in flooded pantanal habitat. tion increase in North and Middle America of the They were noted singly, were silent, and did not as- White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus). Am. Birds sociate with other birds; most were flycatching from 25:529-536. low but exposed perches, sallying out usually to pick FORSHAW, J. M. 1973. Parrots of the world. Douhle- insects off tall grass or branches. Compared to S. day, Garden City, New York. suiriri, which Ridgely had observed in detail in GYLDENSTOLPE, N. 1945. A contribution to the orni- south-central Bolivia and elsewhere, they were readily thology of northern Bolivia. K. Sven. Vetenskap- recognizable by their much yellower underparts and sakad. Hand]. 23: I-300. conspicuous whitish rumps and base of the tail (the HUGHES, R. A. 1977. Franklins’ Gulls (Larus pipix- latter especially evident in flight). can) at Lake Titicaca, Peru. Biotropica 9:52. Bond and Meyer de Schauensee (1942, MEYER DE SCHAUENSEE, R. 1966. The species of birds of South America with their distribution. 1943) listed records from Bolivia for several Livingston Publ. Co., Narherth, Pennsylvania. species not included in Meyer de Schauen- MEYER DE SCHAUENSEE, R. 1970. A guide to the birds sees’ (1966, 1970) later distributional works of South America. Livingston Publ. Co., Wynne- on South America. These species are: Plum- wood, Pennsylvania. OLROG, C. C. 1963. Lista y distribution de las aves beous Ibis (Harpiprion caerulescens), Com- argentinas. Univ. Nat. Tucumin, Inst. Miguel Lil- mon Gallinule (GaZZinuZa chloropus), Orange- lo, Opera Lilloana IX: l-377. winged Parrot (Amazona amaxonica), PEARSON, D. L. 1975a. The relation of foliage com- BOLIVIAN AVIFAUNA 75

plexity to ecological diversity of three Amazonian TALLMAN, D. A. AND E.J. DE TALLMAN. 1977. Adi- bird communities. Condor 77:453-466. ciones y revisiones a In lista de la avifauna de Li- PEARSON, D. L. 19751~. Range extensions and new moncocha, Provincia de Napo, Ecuador. Rev. records for bird species in Ecuador, Peru, and Bo- Univ. Cat6lica 5:217-224. livia. Condor 77:96-99. PEARSON, D. L. 1975c. Un estudio de las aves de Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University, Baton Tumi Chucua, departamento de1 Beni, Bolivia. Rouge, Louisiana 70893. Address of second author: Pumapunku 8:50-56. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale SHORT, L. L. 1975. A zoogeographic analysis of the University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511. Accepted South American chaco avifauna. Bull. Am. Mus. for publication 8 August 1979. Nat. Hist. 154:165-352.

Condor.8275 @ The Cooper Ornithological Society 1980

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.-Rob- Writing a Scientific Paper. Fourth edition.-Vernon ert A. Day. 1979. IS1 Press, Philadelphia. 160 p. $15.00 Booth. 1979. The Biochemical Society, London. 32 p. cloth, $8.95 paper. Available: Institute for Scientific Paper cover. $2.00. Available: The Biochemical Soci- Information, 3501 Market St., University City Science ety Book Depot, P.O. Box 32, Colchester CO2 8HP, Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Research is not com- Essex, U.K. “This essay is not a complete text on How‘ pleted until the results are published, yet scientists to write . ’ Nor is it designed to replace existing often are not taught how to write up their work. This works on literary style or the editorial directives issued book can partly substitute for such instruction. Taking by journals. Rather it is intended to help research stu- a “how to” approach, Day goes through the entire pro- dents and scientists avoid faults . Most of the no- cess of writing and publishing a paper (including a tions are not new but seem to need repeating . . .” It chapter on how to deal with editors!). He devotes most discusses organization, style, wording, punctuation, of his attention to research articles but also discusses preparation of a typescript, and other topics. Most of review papers and dissertations. Six appendices give the advice is sound, but dont [sic] copy Booths’ omis- lists of abbreviations and specific guidance in writing sion of apostrophes. A brief, inexpensive, and useful style. The book is comprehensive, sensible, and up-to- guide, though less comprehensive than that by date. Its field mark among works of its kind is that it OConnor’ and Woodford (noted in Condor 78:425) or is written with a light touch. Its advice can benefit not Day (above). only students but also every professional scientist who has ever had a manuscript rejected.