Conscript Nation: Negotiating Authority and Belonging in the Bolivian Barracks, 1900-1950 by Elizabeth Shesko Department of Hist

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Conscript Nation: Negotiating Authority and Belonging in the Bolivian Barracks, 1900-1950 by Elizabeth Shesko Department of Hist Conscript Nation: Negotiating Authority and Belonging in the Bolivian Barracks, 1900-1950 by Elizabeth Shesko Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ John D. French, Supervisor ___________________________ Jocelyn H. Olcott ___________________________ Peter Sigal ___________________________ Orin Starn ___________________________ Dirk Bönker Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2012 ABSTRACT Conscript Nation: Negotiating Authority and Belonging in the Bolivian Barracks, 1900-1950 by Elizabeth Shesko Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ John D. French, Supervisor ___________________________ Jocelyn H. Olcott ___________________________ Peter Sigal ___________________________ Orin Starn ___________________________ Dirk Bönker An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2012 Copyright by Elizabeth Shesko 2012 Abstract This dissertation examines the trajectory of military conscription in Bolivia from Liberals’ imposition of this obligation after coming to power in 1899 to the eve of revolution in 1952. Conscription is an ideal fulcrum for understanding the changing balance between state and society because it was central to their relationship during this period. The lens of military service thus alters our understandings of methods of rule, practices of authority, and ideas about citizenship in and belonging to the Bolivian nation. In eliminating the possibility of purchasing replacements and exemptions for tribute-paying Indians, Liberals brought into the barracks both literate men who were formal citizens and the non-citizens who made up the vast majority of the population. This study thus grapples with the complexities generated by an institution that bridged the overarching and linked divides of profession, language, literacy, indigeneity, and urbanity. Venturing inside the barracks, this dissertation shows how experiences of labor, military routines, punishment, teasing, and drinking led to a situation in which many conscripts became increasingly invested in military service, negotiated its terms, and built ties that transcended local power structures. In addition to examining desertion, insubordination, and mutinies, it provides an explanation of the new legal categories created by military service, such as reservist, omiso, remiso, and deserter. It then points to the 1932-1935 Chaco War and its aftermath as the period when conscription became a major force in tying an unequal nation together. The mass mobilization necessitated by the war redefined the meaning and terms of conscription, even as the state resorted to forcible mass impressment throughout the national territory while simultaneously negotiating with various interest iv groups. A postwar process of reckoning initiated by the state, combined with mobilization from below by those who served, added a new hierarchy of military service that overlaid and sometimes even trumped long-standing hierarchies based on education, language, profession, and heritage. This study thus explores conscription as a terrain on which Bolivians from across divides converged and negotiated their relationships with each other and with the state. The unique strength of this work lies in its use of unpublished internal military documents, especially court-martial records. These sources are further enriched by extensive use of congressional debates, official correspondence, reports of foreign military attachés, memoirs, and published oral histories. Through an analysis of these sources, this dissertation reveals not only elites’ visions of using the barracks to assimilate a diverse population but also the ways that soldiers and their families came to appropriate military service and invest it with new meanings on a personal, familial, communal, and national level. In the process, a conscript nation would eventually emerge that, while still hierarchical and divided by profound differences, was not merely a project of an assimilationist state but rather constructed in a dialectical process from both above and below. v Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. xi Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 The Bolivian Military: A Review of the Literature .................................................................... 14 Sources and Methodology............................................................................................................. 21 Dissertation Structure .................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 1: Liberals’ Drive to Establish Universal Male Conscription: Contending with a New “Sacred Duty” ........................................................................................................................... 30 The Origins and Provisions of the 1907 Conscription Law .................................................... 36 A “Not Very Encouraging” Census: Bolivia’s Population and Geography .......................... 50 Convincing Conscripts and Authorities to Comply with Obligatory Military Service......... 57 “Odious Privileges”: The Struggle over Exemptions and Omiso Status ................................. 70 Advocating “for my Freedom”: Celestino Coico and the Burden of Military Service ........ 81 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 2: Life and Labor in the Barracks: Sociability, Discipline, and the Reshaping of Inequalities .......................................................................................................................................... 91 Routines, Friendships, and Exclusions: The Social Lives of Conscripts ............................... 97 Defend, Repress, and Build: The Martial and Nonmartial Ends of Military Labor .......... 125 Insolent Conscripts, Tyrannical Officers, and “Barbarous Punishments” ......................... 147 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 164 Chapter 3: Partisan Conflict and Conscript Insubordination in La Paz, 1914-1931 .............. 169 Exploiting Conscript Grievances: The Republican Drive to Fracture the Liberal Power Bloc ................................................................................................................................... 174 After the Coup: Bautista Saavedra and Conscript Mutinies ................................................. 187 vi Between Coups: Overcoming Divisions to Repress Indians, Workers, and Communists ................................................................................................................................. 209 Standing Up for Their “Rights”: Conscript Mutinies on the Eve of the Chaco War ....... 218 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 229 Chapter 4: Pisando Fuerte in the Chaco: The Successes and Failures of the Bolivian Army and Society at War ................................................................................................. 234 War in the Chaco: The Challenges of Large-Scale Mobilization .......................................... 240 Madrinas de Guerra: Facilitating and Incentivizing Mobilization ........................................... 257 The Hierarchies of Evasion: Omisos, Remisos, Emboscados, and Reservists on Assignment .......................................................................................................... 263 Walking, Thirst, and Combat: Soldiering in and Deserting from Bolivia’s Chaco Army . 279 After the Surrender: Bolivian Prisoners of War in Paraguay ................................................ 290 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 302 Chapter 5: Reckoning with the Good and Bad Sons of the Patria: Hierarchies and Claims-Making in Postwar Bolivia ................................................................................................. 304 Coping with Wartime Desertion: Between Mass Reincorporation and Exemplary Execution ..................................................................................................................................... 308 Compensating the State: The “Redemption and Rehabilitation” of Bolivia’s “Bad Sons” ..................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • University of California San Diego
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Infrastructure, state formation, and social change in Bolivia at the start of the twentieth century. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Nancy Elizabeth Egan Committee in charge: Professor Christine Hunefeldt, Chair Professor Michael Monteon, Co-Chair Professor Everard Meade Professor Nancy Postero Professor Eric Van Young 2019 Copyright Nancy Elizabeth Egan, 2019 All rights reserved. SIGNATURE PAGE The Dissertation of Nancy Elizabeth Egan is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair ___________________________________________________________ Chair University of California San Diego 2019 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ............................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... ix LIST
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin De L'institut Français D'études Andines 34 (1) | 2005
    Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines 34 (1) | 2005 Varia Edición electrónica URL: http://journals.openedition.org/bifea/5562 DOI: 10.4000/bifea.5562 ISSN: 2076-5827 Editor Institut Français d'Études Andines Edición impresa Fecha de publicación: 1 mayo 2005 ISSN: 0303-7495 Referencia electrónica Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines, 34 (1) | 2005 [En línea], Publicado el 08 mayo 2005, consultado el 08 diciembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/bifea/5562 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/bifea.5562 Les contenus du Bulletin de l’Institut français d’études andines sont mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Olivier Dollfus, una pasión por los Andes Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines / 2005, 34 (1): 1-4 IFEA Olivier Dollfus, una pasión por los Andes Évelyne Mesclier* Henri Godard** Jean-Paul Deler*** En la sabiduría aymara, el pasado está por delante de nosotros y podemos verlo alejarse, mientras que el futuro está detrás nuestro, invisible e irreversible; Olivier Dollfus apreciaba esta metáfora del hilo de la vida y del curso de la historia. En el 2004, marcado por las secuelas físicas de un grave accidente de salud pero mentalmente alerta, realizó su más caro sueño desde hacía varios años: regresar al Perú, que iba a ser su último gran viaje. En 1957, el joven de 26 años que no hablaba castellano, aterrizó en Lima por vez primera, luego de un largo sobrevuelo sobre América del Sur con un magnífico clima, atravesando la Amazonía y los Andes —de los que se enamoró inmediatamente— hasta el desierto costero del Pacífico.
    [Show full text]
  • Applied Research on Decentralization of Health Systems in Latin America
    June 2000 34 Applied Research on Decentralization of Health Systems in Latin America: Bolivia Case Study Applied Research on Decentralization of Health Systems in Latin America: Bolivia Case Study Thomas J. Bossert, PhD Harvard School of Public Health Fernando Ruiz Mier KPMG/Bolivia Scarlet Escalante Independent Consultant Marina Cardenas Independent Consultant Bruno Guisani Independent Consultant Katherina Capra Independent Consultant Joel Beauvais, BA Harvard School of Public Health Diana Bowser, MPH Harvard School of Public Health June 2000 This publication was produced by the Data for Decision Making Project at the Harvard School of Public Health, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement No. DPE-5991-A-00-1052-00. It was done in collaboration with the Latin America and Caribbean Health Sector Reform Initiative, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. HRN- 5974-C-00-5024-00. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYM LIST .............................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 METHODOLOGY & THE DECISION-SPACE APPROACH ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dc Nº 360-2018.Pdf
    . ,T, • ,-:;:/f; I/ .17' ?I' //1/{-11/..1/Ir• // 4/ (;;-,71/ ,./V /1://"Ve DECLARACIÓN CAMARAL N° 360/2018-2019 EL PLENO DE LA CÁMARA DE SENADORES, CONSIDERANDO: Que, la Provincia Aroma es una de las veinte provincias del Departamento de La Paz, limita al norte con las provincias Ingavi y Murillo, al este con la Provincia José Ramón Loayza, al sur con la Provincia Gualberto Villarroel y el Departamento de Oruro y al oeste con la Provincia Pacajes; cuenta con una superficie de 4.510 kilómetros y una población de 98.205 habitantes, según el Censo de Población y Vivienda del año 2012. La provincia está dividida en 7 municipios, su capital provincial es Sica Sica. La Provincia Aroma está compuesta por los municipios de Sica Sica, Umala, Ayo Ayo, Calamarca, Patacamaya, Colquencha y Collana. Que, la Provincia Aroma fue creada el 23 de noviembre de 1945, durante la presidencia de Gualberto Villarroel. La historia refiere que la apropiación de tierras comunitarias llevó al surgimiento de caudillos como Tupac Katari y Bartolina Sisa, en homenaje a ellos erigieron un monumento de granito en la plaza principal de Sica Sica, lugar en el que también descansan los restos de quienes protagonizaron la Batalla de Aroma, una de las batallas que permitió la independencia de Bolivia. Que, las principales actividades económicas en la Provincia Aroma, son la ganadería ovina y vacuna y la producción lechera; asimismo, su potencial agrícola se basa en el cultivo de la quinua y la cebada. Que, entre los atractivos turísticos de la Provincia Aroma, destacan el circuito de las iglesias coloniales, las ferias realizadas en cada sección y las aguas termales del balneario de Viscachani.
    [Show full text]
  • Web Apr 06.Qxp
    On-Line version TIP OF THE SPEAR Departments Global War On Terrorism Page 4 Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command Page 18 Naval Special Warfare Command Page 21 Air Force Special Operations Command Page 24 U.S. Army Special Operations Command Page 28 Headquarters USSOCOM Page 30 Special Operations Forces History Page 34 Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command historic activation Gen. Doug Brown, commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, passes the MARSOC flag to Brig. Gen. Dennis Hejlik, MARSOC commander, during a ceremony at Camp Lejune, N.C., Feb. 24. Photo by Tech. Sgt. Jim Moser. Tip of the Spear Gen. Doug Brown Capt. Joseph Coslett This is a U.S. Special Operations Command publication. Contents are Commander, USSOCOM Chief, Command Information not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government, Department of Defense or USSOCOM. The content is CSM Thomas Smith Mike Bottoms edited, prepared and provided by the USSOCOM Public Affairs Office, Command Sergeant Major Editor 7701 Tampa Point Blvd., MacDill AFB, Fla., 33621, phone (813) 828- 2875, DSN 299-2875. E-mail the editor via unclassified network at Col. Samuel T. Taylor III Tech. Sgt. Jim Moser [email protected]. The editor of the Tip of the Spear reserves Public Affairs Officer Editor the right to edit all copy presented for publication. Front cover: Marines run out of cover during a short firefight in Ar Ramadi, Iraq. The foot patrol was attacked by a unknown sniper. Courtesy photo by Maurizio Gambarini, Deutsche Press Agentur. Tip of the Spear 2 Highlights Special Forces trained Iraqi counter terrorism unit hostage rescue mission a success, page 7 SF Soldier awarded Silver Star for heroic actions in Afghan battle, page 14 20th Special Operations Squadron celebrates 30th anniversary, page 24 Tip of the Spear 3 GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM Interview with Gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Language Teaching in a Cross-Border Context: Analysis of the Professional Language Teacher Profile.Alfa , São Paulo, V.62, N.2, P.345-360, 2018
    LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LENGUAS EN UN CONTEXTO TRANSFRONTERIZO: ANÁLISIS DEL PERFIL PROFESIONAL DOCENTE Maristela Alves de Souza DINIZ* Paloma Castro PRIETO** ▪ RESUMEN: En el proceso de construcción de la identidad del profesional del docente, intervienen unas prácticas sociales y profesionales en las que participa. Éstas, a su vez, se ven afectadas por el contexto en el que se encuentran inmersas. En este artículo, nos situamos en un contexto transfronterizo de la región Brasil-Perú-Bolivia para abordar el perfil profesional del docente desde el análisis de sus percepciones. La finalidad de nuestro análisis es identificar aquellos elementos de la competencia plurilingüe que subyacen a su perfil profesional docente, lo que nos permitirá reflexionar sobre las potencialidades que ofrece el contexto transfronterizo para la construcción de una identidad profesional en la perspectiva de la educación plurilingüe. Nos situamos en el ámbito de la Didáctica de las Lenguas y la Literatura para abordar unos conceptos claves relacionados con la educación plurilingüe. Hemos identificado que los docentes son conscientes de las potencialidades del contexto y desarrollan unas prácticas pedagógicas que favorecen el desarrollo de la competencia plurilingüe. ▪ PALABRAS-CLAVE: Identidad profesional. Contextos de frontera. Docente de lenguas. Educación plurilingüe. Introducción Los contextos se nos presentan cada día más plurales y en la literatura van aflorando nuevos términos que buscan expresar o significar toda esta realidad plural. En el caso de las palabras “multilingüe” y “multicultural”, los estudios que abordan estos conceptos los definen como la coexistencia de distintas lenguas y culturas en un mismo territorio y como el conocimiento que los individuos tienen de estas lenguas y culturas (CONSEJO DE EUROPA, 2002; BEACCO; BYRAM, 2007; PIÑEIRO; GUILLÉN; VEZ, 2010; NUSSBAUM; UNAMUNO, 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Potato Species Threatened by Extinction in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia M
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scientific Journals of INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria) Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2007 5(4), 487-496 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X Wild potato species threatened by extinction in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia M. Coca-Morante1* and W. Castillo-Plata2 1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias, Forestales y Veterinarias. Dr. «Martín Cárdenas» (FCA, P, F y V). Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS). Casilla 1044. Cochabamba. Bolivia 2 Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (MEDA). Cochabamba. Bolivia Abstract The Department of La Paz has the largest number of wild potato species (Solanum Section Petota Solanaceae) in Bolivia, some of which are rare and threatened by extinction. Solanum achacachense, S. candolleanum, S. circaeifolium, S. okadae, S. soestii and S. virgultorum were all searched for in their type localities and new areas. Isolated specimens of S. achacachense were found in its type localities, while S. candolleanum was found in low density populations. Solanum circaeifolium was also found as isolated specimens or in low density populations in its type localities, but also in new areas. Solanum soestii and S. okadae were found in small, isolated populations. No specimen of S. virgultorum was found at all. The majority of the wild species searched for suffered the attack of pathogenic fungi. Interviews with local farmers revealed the main factors negatively affecting these species to be loss of habitat through urbanization and the use of the land for agriculture and forestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter — February 2004
    Research Centre for Linguistic Typology Institute for Advanced Study VICTORIA 3086, AUSTRALIA FACSIMILE: +61 3 9467 3053 email: [email protected] http://www.latrobe.edu.au/rclt Newsletter — February 2004 The past year has again been attended by success, in terms of the excellence of Research Fellows, Visiting Fellows and Doctoral Students, both the quality and the quantity of the publications we produce, and the continuing grants and fellowships we attract. The International Workshops we host each year produce seminal volumes that are acknowledged as substantial contributions to the field. RCLT provides a relaxed but intense intellectual milieu which engenders research of the highest order. Who'll be at RCLT in 2004 Besides Professor R. M. W. (Bob) Dixon (Director), Professor Alexandra Y. (Sasha) Aikhenvald (Associate Director) and Ms Siew Peng Condon (Executive Officer), we'll have the following scholars with us this year: Research Fellows — Dr. Nicole Kruspe, on a three-year Research Fellowship, has undertaken a lengthy fieldtrip to work on Ceq Wong, a previously undescribed Northern Aslian language from Malaysia. She will continue writing a draft grammar of this language while working on Mah Meri, another Aslian language from Malaysia. — Dr. Catriona Hyslop, on a La Trobe University Postdoctoral Research Fellowship until February 2004, will then take up at RCLT her two year Individual Postgraduate Fellowship from the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme. She will continue working on the documentation of the grammar, lexicon and oral tradition of the Vurës language of west Vanua Lava, Vanuatu. — Dr. Stephen Morey is a La Trobe University Postdoctoral Research Fellow.
    [Show full text]
  • La Paz Beni Cochabamba Oruro Pando Pando Lago La Paz Potosi
    70°0'0"W 69°0'0"W 68°0'0"W 67°0'0"W 66°0'0"W S S " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 2 Roads (Caminos) Franz Tamayo Manco Kapac 2 1 1 Rivers (Rios) General Jose Manuel Murillo Pando Pando Places (Lugares) Gualberto Villarroel Mu¤ecas PROVINCIA Ingavi Nor Yungas Abel Iturralde Inquisivi Omasuyos Aroma Larecaja Pacajes Bautista Saavedra Loayza Sur Yungas Camacho Los Andes Caranavi S S " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 3 Ixiamas 3 1 1 YACUMA S S " " 0 BALLIVIANREYES 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 4 4 1 GENERALBALLIVIAN Beni 1 San Buenaventura FRANZTOMAYOCAUPOLICAN Apolo Pelechuco S S " " 0 0 ' Curva ' 0 0 ° ° 5 5 1 Gral.Perez (Charazani) 1 La Paz Ayata Mocomoco Tacacoma Guanay Palos Blancos Puerto Acosta Aucapata LAPAZ Chuma CAMACHO Quiabaya Tipuani Pto.CarabucoChaguaya Sorata Caranavi Ancoraimes S S " " 0 NORDYUNGASNORYUNGAS 0 ' Lago La Paz ' 0 0 ° ° 6 MANCOKAPAC Achacachi 6 1 La Asunta 1 Copacabana Coroico Batallas La Paz Coripata San Pedro de Tiquina MURILLO Pto. Perez Pucarani Chulumani El Alto Yanacachi SURYUNGA AYOPAYA Tiahuanacu Laja Irupana Inquisivi Desaguadero Guaqui Achocalla Cajuata Mecapaca Palca INGAVI Viacha Licoma Collana Calamarca CairomaQuime S S " Nazacara de Pacajes " 0 INQUISIVI 0 ' Comanche Sapahaqui ' 0 Malla 0 ° ° 7 Colquencha 7 1 Caquiaviri Ayo-Ayo Luribay Cochabamba 1 Santiago de Machaca Coro Coro Patacamaya Ichoca Catacora Yaco CERCADO Santiago de Callapa Sica-Sica(V.Aroma) PACAJESCalacoto Umala Colquiri TAPACARI PUNATA Chacarilla QUILLACOLLO S.Pedro de Curahuara ARCEARZE Papel Pampa ARQUE Chara?a TARATA BARRON Oruro CAPINOTA CERCADO Potosi 70°0'0"W 69°0'0"W 68°0'0"W 67°0'0"W 66°0'0"W Created: 02-FEB-2008/11:30 Projection/Datum: WGS84 Map Doc Num: ma017_bol_laPazMunicipal_A4_v1 GLIDE Num: FL-2007-000231-BOL Reference Map of La Paz Depar tment, Bolivia 0 20 40 80 120 160 MapAction is grateful for the support km The depiction and use of boundaries, names and associated data shown here of the Vodafone Group Foundation do not imply endorsement or acceptance by MapAction.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 59305-BO PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED CREDIT Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 69.65 MILLLION (US$ 109.5 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA FOR THE NATIONAL ROADS AND AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized April 06, 2011 Sustainable Development Department Country Management Unit for Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela Latin America and the Caribbean Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective March 4, 2011) Currency Unit = Bolivian Bolivianos BOB7.01 = US$1 US$1.58 = SDR1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AASANA Administración de Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares a la Navegación Aérea Airport and Aviation Services Administration ABC Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras National Road Agency ABT Autoridad de Bosques y Tierra Authority on Forest and Land ADT Average Daily Traffic CIPTA Consejo Indígena del Pueblo Tacana Counsel for the Indigeneous Tacana People DA Designated Account EA Environmental Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan FM Financial Management GAC Governance and Anti-corruption GDP Gross Domestic Product GOB Government of Bolivia HDM-4 Highway
    [Show full text]
  • P Erinnert, Nennt Er Selbst Als Politi- Er Sein Zeitfenster Zu Nützen Wissen Wird.N 29 Nr
    lateinamerika anders Nr. 1/2019 Österreichs Zeitschrift für Lateinamerika und die Karibik s bedurfte nur einer Wendestim- zerstören beginnt. Eine Klimakatastrophe hinken. Keiner weiß, wie lange die Ago- mung und einiger skrupelloser ungeahnten Ausmaßes wäre die Folge. nie eines planlosen Regimes sich noch in EWinkelzüge der brasilianischen Deswegen haben wir diese Nummer dem die Länge zieht und ob die wohl unver- Elite: Mit Jair Bolsonaro ist ein Mann in Amazonas gewidmet, den wir in mög- meidliche Machtübernahme der von den den Präsidentenpalast Planalto in Brasilia lichst vielen Facetten von besonders kom- USA gesponserten alten Elite unter fried- eingezogen, der wie kein anderer den lichen Umständen vor sich gehen oder von weltweit spürbaren Rechtsruck und die Blutvergießen und Chaos begleitet sein rückwärtsgewandte „Erneuerung“ Latein - wird. Der einst von Hugo Chávez ausge- amerikas verkörpert. Viehzüchter und E DITORIAL rufene Sozialismus des 21. Jahrhunderts Soja-Produzenten reiben sich die Hände, ist zum Kampfbegriff der Rechten für ein wenn, wie versprochen, der Amazonas- petenten Autorinnen und Autoren darstel- gescheitertes Experiment geworden, des- Urwald für sie in Wert gesetzt und für len ließen: von der indigenen Philosophie sen Abenddämmerung auch durch russi- weitere großflächige Rodungen freigege- über den Sehnsuchtsort Amazonas in un- sche Hilfe nicht aufgehalten werden kann. ben wird. Dass auch maximal fünf Jahre seren Köpfen bis zu harten Fakten über Der Linken ist es nicht gelungen, eine zerstörerischer Politik des Faschisten Bol- Abholzung. Es lohnt sich, jeden einzelnen langfristig tragfähige Alternative zum sonaro vorüber gehen, ist ein geringer Beitrag zu lesen. herrschenden Wirtschaftssystem zu eta- Trost. Denn die Entwaldung im Amazo- Während den Amazonas-Schwerpunkt blieren.
    [Show full text]
  • I.V. V. Bolivia
    I.V. v. Bolivia ABSTRACT1 This case is about the sterilization, by tubal ligation, of a woman without her prior consent. The Court found violations of both the American Convention and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence Against Women (“Convention of Belém do Para”). It did not discuss, however, the violation of the Right to Health (Art. 26 of the Convention) implicated in the case. I. FACTS A. Chronology of Events 1982: I.V., a Peruvian citizen, gives birth to her first daughter.2 Late 1980’s–Early 1990s: I.V. is the victim of physical, sexual and psychological harassment perpetrated by the National Directorate Against Terrorism of Peru (DINCOTE).3 1989: I.V. meets J.E., and they begin a romantic relationship.4 1991: Their daughter N.V. is born.5 1993: J.E. migrates to La Paz, Bolivia, from Peru where he is granted refugee status.6 1. Sebastian Richards, Staffer; Edgar Navarette, Editor; Erin Gonzalez, Chief IACHR Editor; Cesare Romano, Faculty Advisor. 2. I.V. v. Bolivia, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment, Inter- Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 336, ¶ 61 (Nov. 30, 2016). (Available only in Spanish). 3. Id. 4. Id. 5. Id. 6. Id. 1351 1352 Loy. L.A. Int‟l & Comp. L. Rev. Vol. 41:4 1994: N.V. and I.V. join him in La Paz in 1994 and receive refugee status two months later.7 While in La Paz, I.V. obtains a hotel administration degree.8 February 2000: I.V., now age 35, is pregnant with her third daughter.9 She applies for Bolivia’s universal maternal and child health insurance, and basic health insurance and begins to receive pre-natal health care from the La Paz Women’s Hospital.10 July 1, 2000: I.V.
    [Show full text]