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Actes Du Colloque Du 2 Novembre 2005 - 1 - ACTES DU COLLOQUE DU 2 NOVEMBRE 2005 « LA POLITIQUE SPATIALE EUROPÉENNE : QUELLES AMBITIONS POUR 2015 ? » ORGANISÉ PAR M. HENRI REVOL, SÉNATEUR, PRÉSIDENT DE L’OFFICE PARLEMENTAIRE D’ÉVALUATION DES CHOIX SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES ET M. CHRISTIAN CABAL, DÉPUTÉ, PRÉSIDENT DU GROUPE PARLEMENTAIRE SUR L’ESPACE - 2 - SOMMAIRE Pages I. INTERVENTIONS DE LA MATINÉE .................................................................................... 4 A. INTRODUCTION AU COLLOQUE PAR M. HENRI REVOL, SÉNATEUR, PRÉSIDENT DE L’OFFICE PARLEMENTAIRE D’ÉVALUATION DES CHOIX SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES ............................................................................. 4 B. INTERVENTION DE M. FRANÇOIS GOULARD, MINISTRE DÉLÉGUÉ À L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET À LA RECHERCHE. ................................................... 8 C. PREMIÈRE TABLE RONDE : L’AVENIR DE LA PROPULSION, LES LANCEURS DE DEMAIN ............................................................................................................................. 11 1. M. Viktor REMICHEVSKI, Directeur général adjoint de ROSKOSMOS ................................. 12 2. M. Kiyoshi HIGUCHI, Directeur exécutif de la JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency .................................................................................................................................... 16 3. M. Jean-Yves LE GALL, Directeur général d’Arianespace ..................................................... 19 4. M. Michel EYMARD, Directeur des lanceurs du CNES........................................................... 23 5. M. Joël BARRÉ, Vice-président et Directeur général des moteurs spatiaux, SNECMA ........... 27 6. M. Alain CHARMEAU, Président d’EADS Space Transportation ........................................... 31 7. M. Eduard KUZNETSOV, Agence spatiale de l’Ukraine ......................................................... 34 D. DEUXIÈME TABLE RONDE : L’ESPACE SCIENTIFIQUE ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE, L’AVENIR DES VOLS HABITÉS............................................................. 37 1. M. Roger-Maurice BONNET, Président du COSPAR .............................................................. 38 2. M. Jeffrey HOFFMAN, Professeur au MIT ............................................................................. 44 3. M. Heinz-Joseph KAAF, Deutsches Zentrüm für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR).......................... 51 4. M. Richard BONNEVILLE, Chef du service Etude et exploration de l’Univers du CNES ...................................................................................................................................... 54 5. M. André BRAHIC, Astrophysicien au CEA ............................................................................ 60 6. Mme Anne BONDIOU, Directeur du développement des activités spatiales, ONERA.............. 67 - 3 - II. INTERVENTIONS DE L’APRÈS-MIDI ................................................................................ 70 A. PREMIÈRE TABLE RONDE : NOUVELLES APPLICATIONS AU SERVICE DES CITOYENS................................................................................................................................ 70 1. M. Pierre COHEN, Député de la Haute-Garonne ................................................................... 70 2. M. R.V. PERUMAL, Directeur du Centre des systèmes de propulsion à carburants liquides, ISRO......................................................................................................................... 72 3. M. Yannick d’ESCATHA, Président du CNES ......................................................................... 78 4. M. Sergio VETRELLA, Président de l’Agence spatiale italienne (ASI).................................... 84 5. M. Daniel SACOTTE, Directeur des programmes des vols habités, de la microgravité et des programmes d’exploration, Agence spatiale européenne (ESA).................................... 86 6. M. José ACHACHE, Directeur du Group on Earth Observations (GEO) ................................ 90 7. M. Giuliano BERRETTA, Directeur général d’Eutelsat........................................................... 99 8. M. Olivier COSTE, Vice-president Business Development, Strategy and Marketing, Alcatel Alenia Space ...............................................................................................................104 B. DEUXIÈME TABLE RONDE : QUEL ESPACE DE LA DEFENSE ?.......................................110 1. Général BOTONDI, Directeur national de l’armement de l’armée italienne...........................112 2. Amiral Guy POULAIN, Adjoint espace, État-major des armées ..............................................117 3. M. Charles de LAUZUN, Ingénieur général, Délégation générale à l’armement.....................120 4. M. François AUQUE, Président directeur général d’EADS Space..........................................127 5. M. Blaise JAEGER, Directeur des télécommunications, Alcatel Alenia Space ........................132 C. CONCLUSION PAR CHRISTIAN CABAL, CORAPPORTEUR ET PRESIDENT DU GROUPE PARLEMENTAIRE SUR L'ESPACE........................................................................135 - 4 - I. INTERVENTIONS DE LA MATINÉE La séance est ouverte à 9 heures. A. INTRODUCTION AU COLLOQUE PAR M. HENRI REVOL, SÉNATEUR, PRÉSIDENT DE L’OFFICE PARLEMENTAIRE D’ÉVALUATION DES CHOIX SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNOLOGIQUES Monsieur le ministre, Madame la ministre Claudie Haigneré, Mesdames et Messieurs chers collègues députés et sénateurs, Mesdames et Messieurs les intervenants, Mesdames et Messieurs, chers amis, je suis très heureux de vous accueillir aujourd'hui au Sénat pour une journée de réflexion sur la politique spatiale européenne. D'ores et déjà, cette journée s'avère très prometteuse. Non seulement vous avez été très nombreux à vous inscrire, en tant qu’auditeurs, mais nous avons aussi été confrontés à un important afflux de demandes d'intervention, signe qu'il s'agit d'un thème d’actualité et mobilisateur. Comme vous avez pu le constater, le programme d'aujourd'hui est très chargé. C'est la raison pour laquelle je me permets de demander à Mmes et MM. les intervenants d'être brefs dans leurs propos, afin qu'à chaque table ronde nous puissions consacrer un moment de débat. Je donnerai l'exemple en étant le plus court possible dans cet avant-propos. Ce colloque est organisé par l'Office Parlementaire d’évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques, un organisme créé en 1983 et commun à l’Assemblée nationale et au Sénat. Il répond à une double préoccupation : Informer le Parlement des perspectives et des conséquences des choix de caractère scientifique et technologique, afin de mieux éclairer ses décisions, Doter le Parlement de moyens d'expertise qui lui soient propres, afin de préserver son indépendance et renforcer l’efficacité de ses activités de contrôle. L'office comporte 18 députés et 18 sénateurs. Il ne choisit pas lui- même le thème de ses rapports. Il est saisi soit par l'Assemblée nationale, soit par le Sénat avec des procédures qui leur sont propres, soit par 60 députés, soit par 40 sénateurs. Lorsqu'il est saisi, il nomme un rapporteur. Ce rapporteur (ou deux rapporteurs) travaille à construire ce rapport, en présente les conclusions devant l’assemblée plénière de l'Office parlementaire qui les adopte, les amende et ensuite entre en compte toute une phase de communication sur les sites Internet de l'Assemblée nationale et du Sénat, ainsi que dans les supports papier habituels de nos assemblées. - 5 - Depuis sa création, l'office a publié plus de 80 rapports, qui se répartissent en six grands thèmes, la communication, l’énergie, l'environnement, la recherche et, à l'intérieur de la recherche, le spatial, la santé et les technologies. Le 10 mai dernier, la commission des Affaires économiques du Sénat a saisi l'office Parlementaire pour réaliser une étude sur les grands domaines programmatiques de la politique spatiale du futur. Concrètement, il s'agit de s'interroger, dans un contexte mondial de coopération mais également de compétition, sur les perspectives d'avenir du secteur spatial européen. En effet, la plupart des grands programmes spatiaux européens arrivent actuellement à leur terme en matière de développement et les futures priorités de la politique spatiale européenne font l'objet de nombreuses interrogations, faute d'orientations politiques claires. Suite à la saisine de l'office sur ce thème, mon collègue M. Christian Cabal, député, que vous connaissez tous car il préside également le groupe parlementaire de l'espace et moi-même avons été nommés rapporteurs pour cette étude. Nous avons alors décidé de lancer cette étude en organisant un colloque international sur la politique spatiale européenne et ses ambitions pour 2005 avec des comparaisons internationales dans quatre domaines fondamentaux, l'accès à l'espace, l'espace scientifique et la connaissance, les nouvelles applications au service du citoyen et l'espace de la défense. Une telle manifestation présente un double avantage. Elle va nous permettre, en un jour, de recueillir beaucoup de réflexions de spécialistes de renommée internationale, qu’ils soient scientifiques, industriels, dirigeants d'agences spatiales ou encore militaires. Nous constaterons ainsi quels sont les points de convergence et de divergence entre les différents acteurs de la politique spatiale, ce qui permettra d'orienter efficacement nos investigations futures. En outre, à un mois du conseil de l’ESA au niveau ministériel, ce colloque a également pour but d'envoyer, si tant que faire
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