Global Biodiesel Focus 2015 Waste oils as resource of biodiesel Roberto Vazquez CEO, ASB Biodiesel 2nd generation biodiesel ASB Case Model in Hong Kong
2 Case Model: ASB Biodiesel (Hong Kong) Ltd
Lead Al Salam Bank Bahrain investor
Locations: Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore
Production 100,000 tons / year capacity:
Integrated GTW, WWTP and biodiesel Technology: plant: pretreatment, high FFA esterification, distillation, biogas
Waste cooking oil, gutter oil (grease trap Feedstock: oil), waste animal fat, other waste oils.
EN14214/ASTM 6751/China B100 Fuel Quality: standard
3 Biodiesel plant
44 2nd generation biodiesel Feedstock
5 Used Cooking Oil
Potential
• 5kg/person/year
Challenges
• Illegal food recycling • Animal feed applications • Low entry barrier for collectors. Existing network • Reasonably low technology requirements
Outlook
• Limited growth opportunities mature market
6 Grease Trap Waste
Potential
• 2kg/person/year
Challenges
• Hazardous, Basel Convention • High acidity, high polymerization, high sulphur content. • Low yield for illegal operation. Grease Trap Waste Hong Kong • Vehicle, government control: higher entry barrier for service 500 providers 450 • High technology, waste water 400 treatment and government control: high entry barrier for biodiesel 350 producers 300 250
Outlook 200 Tons per day per Tons • High potential limited by 150 deployment of grease traps and 100 local treatment 50 0 Source: http://plasticgreasetrap.com/, EPD: Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2011. 7 Animal fats
Potential
• Non food-feed quality: Category Category Category 1kg/person/year 1 2 3
Challenges
• Categorization Animal feed • Distributed generation of bone and meat residue • Sulphur, polyethylene, protein Pet food
Outlook Organic Organic fertilizer fertilizer • Limited potential at competitive price, except in very low quality Biogas Biogas streams Energy Energy Energy production production production
Incineration- Incineration- Incineration- Landfill Landfill Landfill
8 Animal fats: case study Spain (47M Hab)
Animal fat category 3: 385,000 tpy
Animal fat category ½: 52,500 tpy (12%)
Category 1/2 Raw Material (1/2) Ton
Carcass 385,000 18% Carcass SRM 83,800 82% Specified risk Total 468,000 material
Products Products Ton 32% Protein 107,000 Protein Animal fat (cat 1/2) 52,500 (11%) 68% Animal fat Total 158,500
9 Sludges
Potential
• Mill effluent: 50-100 tons/month of recoverable oil
Challenges
• Existing collector network, some with shore tank (bulk delivery), but generally distributed • High PFAD price has driven other high FFA material cost up • High technology requirements: FFA, sulphur and oxidized/polymerized
Outlook
• High potential, if supply chain is rationalized
10 Sources in Hong Kong
Potential
• 3,600 TPD food waste in Hong Kong
Challenges
• Technology development • Efficient segregated sourcing • Variable lipid conent 100% • Valorization of protein and carbohydrate 80% 60% Outlook 40% • High potential, with sufficient scale 20% 0% Bakery Canteen Canteen waste food waste food waste (A) (B) Protein Lipid Carbohydrate
Source: Lipids from food waste as feedstock for biodiesel production: Case Hong Kong Sanjib Kumar Karmee and Carol Sze Ki Lin, lipid technology September 2014, Vol. 26, No. 9 11 2nd generation biodiesel Supply Chain
12 Supply chain
Meat and bone Rendering plant Container
residue
Shore tank (bulk) Pond (PO mill) Truck collection Container Grease trap Collector
(restaurant) High Acidity High Grease trap Local process Collector Container (restaurant) (GTO)
UCO Collector
Restaurant plant Biodiesel UCO Collector Depot Container Restaurant Meat and bone
Low acidity Low Rendering plant Container residue
MT 1313 2nd generation biodiesel Process Design
14 Production Process Overview (1) – Input and Outputs
Grease Trap Acids KOH Methanol GTW Waste Treatment
Waste Biodiesel refinery Animal Fat
UCO/Fat Treatment Unit Other Waste Oils
Bioheating UCO Biodiesel Glycerine Fertilizer. OIl
15 Production Process Overview (2) – Input and Outputs
Water and Solids Pre-treatment Bioheating Biodiesel Glycerine OIl Fertilizer.
Non catalytic Esterification Methanol
Acid Based Biodiesel Esterification Acids Distillation
Trans- Biodiesel Glycerine esterification KOH Purification Purification
16 Production Process Overview (3) - Re-use of By-products for energy
Grease Trap Waste Treatment
Waste Oil Biodiesel refinery UCO/Fat Treatment Oil Unit
Waste Water
Waste Water Bioheating Biodiesel Treatment Plant OIl
Biogas
Energy for biodiesel manufacturing process Environmental and social impacts of 2nd generation biodiesel
18 Food safety
At best, poured down the drains or dumped in the trash for already-packed landfills. At worst reprocessed, and are channeled back into the food supply. .
- December 2012:, a dozen Hong Kong restaurants were found to be using cooking oil made from “gutter oil” containing carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene. - September 2014: Another gutter oil scandal: non edible lard from Hong Kong into bakery that was subsequently distributed in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Reprocessed cooking oil can increase changes of heart disease and diabetes, has implications for Alzheimer Disease and can have adverse impacts on children development.
19 Biodiesel from waste has low GHG compared to biodiesel from crop oils due to reduced emissions from cultivation, processing
Typical disaggregated values (grams CO2eq/MJ)
90 80 70
60
50 40 30 20
(gCO2eq/MJ) 10 0 Rapeseed Soybean Palm Oil Oil Waste Oil Diesel
Cultivation Processing Transport and distribution Reference
Source: EU Renewable Energy Directive Annex V
20 Sustainability management system
ASB has a sophisticated sustainability management system:
Keeps trace of the kind of waste and the country of origin Allows actual calculations of carbon footprint based on real feedstock/transport/conversion inputs Strict mass balance Externally audited Recognized in Europe (Renewable Energy Directive) by all oil companies
21 Biodiesel from Waste - Towards a Circular Economy
Recovered
Converted to high Waste value product
Reduced emissions Re-used as Biodiesel (roadside and GHG)
22 2nd generation biodiesel Economic Development
23 Biodiesel and economic development
Since the 2010-2011 policy address of former Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, New Energy Technology has been a target for development.
Key infrastructure in HK:
- Sludge Incinerator - Organic waste treatment facilities - MSW waste to energy
The biodiesel plants in Hong Kong:
- Are integrated in the community, with important value remaining in HKSAR through payments to restaurants and collectors - Technology platform for future environmental developments
24 Biodiesel and Energy Security
Hong Kong is particularly subject to fluctuations in the international energy prices: ranks 99th out of 129 jurisdictions measured by the World Energy Council:
Indigenous energy Primary Energy in Hong Kong biogas 0.0159%
其他 Imported energy 0.0303% 99.9697% Indigenous energy biodiesel 0.0138% Indigenous energy wind 0.0003% Indigenous energy solar 0.0003%
ASB Biodiesel alone can supply every diesel vehicle on Hong Kong’s roads with enough biodiesel to replace 10 percent of the fossil diesel used in every diesel vehicle on the roads. 25 Waste based biodiesel Conclusions
26 Profitability
FW GTO
PSO
NE AG
AO/PFAD
Technology AF
UCO
PO
1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1E0 1E1 1E2 1E3 1E4 1E5
Lot Size MT 2727