F R O M S H I P T O S H O

FROM SHIP TO SHORE

Sustainable Stewardship in Cruise Destinations Acknowledgments

This publication was developed by The Center for Environ- mental Leadership in Business (CELB) at Conservation International, as part of the work of the Ocean Conservation and Tourism Alliance (OCTA) and with the core support of the International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL). At CELB, Jamie Sweeting, Lisa Bailey and Seleni Matus guided the research, writing and production processes, and Sarah Raposa and David Krantz contributed to the gathering of examples and information. Scott Wayne, of S.W. Associates, L.L.C., provided important input, comments and advice. We are grateful to Michael Crye, Angela Plott, Lyndsay Rossman and Christine Fischer, of the International Council of Cruise Lines, for helping us gather information, examples and photos from the cruise industry. We would also like to thank our editor, Amy Sweeting, and our designer, Miya Su Rowe/Rowe Design House.

Table of Contents In addition, the following individuals provided input for the 1 Foreword wide range of examples of sustainable stewardship found throughout this document: Rose Abello and Erik Elvejord at Holland America Line; Valdemar Andrade and Marnix Perez of 2 Executive Summary PACT Belize; Lori Arguelles of the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation; Todd Barber of the Reef Ball Foundation; Julie 6 Introduction Benson of Cunard Line and Princess Cruises; Irene Bowie and Anne Rillero of the Paciﬁc Whale Foundation; Andy Caballero 9 Cruise Lines of the St. Maarten Nature Foundation; Adam Ceserano and Cooperation and Partnerships with Local Stakeholders Michele Paige of the Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association; Education and Awareness Among Passengers and Crew Andres Ferrer Benzo, Paul Chakroff, Kasia Grasela, and Alek- sandra Stankovic of The Nature Conservancy; Tony Charters of Contributions to Conservation and Community Development Tony Charters and Associates; Natalia Collier of Environmental Protection in the Caribbean; Ana Lilia Córdova Lira of Grupo 23 Governments Xcaret; Peter Cox and Bruce Good of Seabourn Cruise Line; S. Supportive Policy and an Enabling Environment Kirby Day, III of Juneau Tourism Best Management Practices; Protected Areas and Park Management Jane E. Disney of the Mount Desert Island Water Quality Coalition; Tom Dow of Carnival Corporation; Melissa Edwards Infrastructure Support—Human and Physical Capital and Leslie Katz of the Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund; Emilio R. Freeman, Captain Ola S. Harsheim and Nikki F. Upshaw of 33 Civil Society ResidenSea; Doug Fry of Atlantis Adventures; Tim Gallagher Resource for Information and Expertise and Jennifer de la Cruz at Carnival Cruise Lines; John Hansen and Donna Spalding of the North West CruiseShip Association; Capacity Building Brad Hardaway of Windstar Cruises; Craig Harris of McKay Shipping Ltd. (Auckland, NZ); Valerie Humphrey of FAI; Denise 41 Shore Operators Landau of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Partnerships Operators; Rena Langley of Disney Cruise Line; Lee Lennon, Good Practices Brad Ball and Colleen Scott of Silversea Cruises; Lawrence Locklin and Thelonious Trimmell of ACDI/VOCA; Lynn Marten- Product Design stein and Michael Sheehan of Royal Caribbean International Contributions to Conservation and Community Development and Celebrity Cruises; Rod McDowall of the Cayman Islands Tourism Association; Nigel Mitchell of the St. Lucia Heritage 51 Conclusion Tourism Programme; Lisha Mulqueeny and Lorelle Schluter of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; Karen Platt of the 52 Resources for Further Information Alaska Natural History Association; Andrew Poulton at Radisson Seven Seas Cruises; Susan Robison at Norwegian Cruise Line; Kim Sams of the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Sarah Scoltock at Windstar Cruises; Mick Shultz of the Port of Seattle; Ken Swinney of Environment Southland; Catalina Torres of Las Esquinas Rainforest Lodge; Mimi Weisband at Crystal Cruises; Hannah Wright of Chukka Caribbean Adventures; and Jessie Young of the Community Baboon Sanctuary.

�� Finally, we would like to thank The Summit Foundation for their

�� generous support of this project. ��

�� COVER © WINDSTAR CRUISES FOREWORD

In its most ideal form, tourism provides an incentive for governments, businesses and local communities to protect natural and 1 cultural assets, as a way to raise revenue and improve standards of living by attracting tourists to a destination. One of the most rapidly D R O W E R O F growing segments of the tourism sector is the cruise industry. Although cruise tourism has the potential to overwhelm fragile destinations if not managed eﬀectively, the industry is also a great potential ally for conservation, because many cruise passengers are attracted by the opportunity to experience new places and cultures.

At Conservation International, this is a very important issue for us, because two-thirds of cruise destinations are located within the biodiversity hotspots, the areas that are the most highly threatened and most biologically unique places on Earth.

This publication examines the complexities of the shared responsibil- ities among cruise lines, governments, civil society groups and shore operators to manage the growth and expansion of the cruise industry. Within these pages, we proﬁle leading examples of how these stakeholders can all play a part in both ensuring a sustainable future for cruise tourism and maintaining the natural and cultural integrity of cruise destinations.

Russell A. Mittermeier President, Conservation International FROM SHIP TO SHORE 2 Rapid growth of the cruise industry over the last two decades has has Y decades two last the over industry cruise the of growth Rapid R A M M U S E V I T U C E X E and maximize the benefits of their presence in a port. This includes includes This port. a in presence their of benefits the maximize and impacts negative the minimize to stakeholders other with closely work can lines Cruise shore. on are they while including times, all at enjoyment and safety health, their ensuring includes passengers for experience possible best Providingthe built. is business its which on base resource the maintaining of part is destinations for lines. Cruise world: the around tourism cruise for and destination each for future healthy a ensuring in stake a have groups these of all operators, shore and organizations society civil to governments and lines From cruise destinations. cruise in resources cultural and natural of quality the preserve and protect maintain, to together work to need groups stakeholder major Tochallenges, these address level. destination the at decision-making their of part as issues ability sustain prioritized traditionally not have lines cruise while impacts, negative minimize and benefits local maximize to order in visitation in increases sudden manage effectively to unprepared often are areas these within Destinations Mediterranean. the and Basin Caribbean the as such ecosystems, threatened and unique in located are tions destina world’s the cruise of Many top call. of ports ship cruise in resources cultural and environmental on stress increasing in resulted For the cruise industry, supporting a sustainable future future sustainable a industry, supporting cruise For the

- 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - -

- © ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL For governments,For maintaining the health and attrac to the environmental and financial sustainability of protected areas. Governments can also contribute to the preservation of a destination ments can work closely with park managers to effectively manage increased tourism from cruise ships and ensure that it contributes in sustainable development and tourism strategies, and govern and local businesses for responsible management and operational practices. National parks and other protected areas are key elements resources and providing a supportive enabling environment, for example, by offering financial or business incentives to cruise lines responsible for enacting policies that protect natural and cultural quality and sustainable attractions and services can raise revenues and improve the quality of life for their people. Governments are Governments. tiveness of their ports as cruise destinations and providing high- development projects, or organizing onboard fundraising activities. in a destination by investing in local conservation and community issues and ways to support conservation through their actions and Thebehavior. companies can also contribute directly to sustainability or shore excursion providers. On board, cruise lines can raise aware ness among passengers and crew about environmental and cultural ing standards and systems of quality assurance for their local vendors working with local governments, communities and service providers to develop management plans for sustainable growth, as well as creat FROM SHIP TO SHORE 4 These groups often have unique skills and expertise and can be an an be can and expertise and skills unique have often groups These environment. local and cultures their of preservation the for port sup and members their for benefits mean can tourism cruise able sustain groups, indigenous and communities local organizations, Society. Civil manner. sustainable a in provided are shopping and recreation dining, transportation, as such services that ensure to building capacity and training offering by services—and energy and management water and waste centers, visitor roads, facilities, port as resources—such infrastructure sustainable of provision the through and thus play a critical role in influencing the actions of visitors and and visitors of actions the influencing in role critical a play thus and shore on are passengers cruise when time the for responsible directly also are They livelihoods. their for destination a of resources cultural Operators. Shore behavior. appropriate locally and preservation cultural conservation, biodiversity practices, good on stakeholders other to support capacity-building and ing train provide also can organizations society Civil tourism. cruise increased of benefits the reap fully to communities local organize to helping or issues, cultural or environmental on awareness raising ties, par different among collaboration wider sustainability,facilitating of goals the reaching in stakeholders other for resource important For civil society, which includes non-governmental non-governmental society, includes For civil which

Shore operators rely directly on the natural and and natural the on directly rely operators Shore - - - - 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - -

© SEABOURN CRUISE LINE community development efforts and by offering their clients oppor tunities to contribute directly to these efforts during their tours. of the destination. They can also contribute directly to sustainability by donating time, resources or equipment to local conservation or operational practices to help ensure the protection and maintenance product offerings, including both new and existing tours, shore operators can adopt and implement responsible managerial and products that benefit the environment and local populations and minimize negative impacts on sensitive or threatened areas. In all ties, or partner with cruise lines and local communities to develop educating them on appropriate Shore operatorsbehavior. can join together in associations to increase the sustainability of their activi FROM SHIP TO SHORE 6 basin, which includes South Florida, the Caribbean islands, Mexico and Among these, the 10 most popular ports are all found in the Caribbean Caribbean and Mediterranean, two important biodiversity hotspots. Of the top 30 cruise destinations in the world, 20 are located in the 2009. by service into come to expected are 21 another and alone, market American North the to introduced were ships new 62 2004, and 2000 Between 2005. in ships cruise on sailed passengers million 11 More than decades. two last the over percent 8.2 of numbers passenger in increases annual average with years, recent in rapidly grown has industry cruise The N O I T C U D O R T N I integrating long-term sustainability issues into their decision-making decision-making their into issues sustainability long-term integrating on adequately focused not have lines cruise past, the in Furthermore, impacts. negative minimize and benefits local maximize to tourism that manage sustainably and sufficiently to fail frequently They tion. destina a in tourism cruise of increase rapid the with deal to pared ill-pre often are call of port each at Historically,stakeholders local handle the sudden influx of cruise passengers in a sustainable manner. popular ports of call have meant that many destinations are unable to tion, inadequate planning and infrastructure development in newly excessive visitation to sites such as coral reefs and rainforests. In addi potential negative impacts on natural resources from uncontrolled or cies and habitats. As cruise tourism grows, there is rising concern about Central America, areas that are home to unique and threatened spe - - - - 7 INTRODUCTION - -

© CARNIVAL CRUISE LINES sustainability of cruise destinations around the world. benefits and minimize negative impacts. Each section includes a series of examples of practices and projects that are contributing to the play a proactive role in managing cruise passenger visitation to a destination, in order to maximize environmental, cultural and societal operators. The guide offers suggestions for how these groups can stakeholder group that can influence the impacts of cruise tourism in a destination: cruise lines, governments, civil society and shore This document is divided into four sections, eachrepresenting a cultural resources they rely on for their livelihoods. they rely cultural resources their members and protect their cultures and the local environment. and the local environment. their cultures their members and protect and preserve the natural and operators want to be competitive Shore their people. Civil society, including non-governmental organizations, including non-governmental their people. Civil society, benefits for want to ensure groups, local communities and indigenous which its business is built. Governments want to raise revenue, main want to raise revenue, which its business is built. Governments benefits for their countries and maximize tain the quality of tourism in it makes good business sense to help protect the resource base upon the resource to help protect it makes good business sense ognize their specific interest in, and responsibility for, protecting and protecting for, in, and responsibility their specific interest ognize the cruise industry, preserving the quality of cruise For destinations. However, this traditional approach is changing, as all stakeholders rec this traditional approach However, of cruise tourism before a destination becomes popular. frameworks at the destination level and have not worked closely with other destination stakeholders to proactively address the special needs

9 CRUISE LINES - -

- - it also extends 1 A Shifting Environmental Tide: , Washington: The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business.

challenges in the operation of their ships, please see: Sweeting, J.E.N. and S.L. Wayne. 2003. Challenges and Cruise Industry Responses 1 Onboard operations are not discussed in this publication. For more information on cruise industry responses to key environmental in their destinations to help promote the sustainable management and growth of tourism. flows of passengers in an efficient and manner, they can impart that knowledge and experience to other stakeholders and shore operators population. Cruise lines are very adept at effectively managing large holders in a destination to ensure that the presence of their passen gers is minimally disruptive and as beneficial as possible to the local The cruise lines also have aresponsibility to work with other stake experience, but also that the destination remains healthy and attrac tive to future passengers. will help to ensure not only that passengers have a safe, enjoyable travelers or, especially, as part travelersespecially, of aor, packaged shore excursion sold by the cruise line. Contributing to the sustainability of a destination ability of all direct operations onboard their ships, to the passengers’ experiences at ports of call, either as independent While much of this is related to ensuring the environmental sustain Cruise lines are responsible for promoting the health, safety and entertainment of their passengers throughout the cruise experience. CRUISE LINES

© RADISSON SEVEN SEAS CRUISES 10 FROM SHIP TO SHORE awareness about sustainability issues among their local partners. Finally, in determining their program program their determining in Finally, partners. local their among issues sustainability about awareness raise and assurance quality of system a develop can lines cruise vendors, and suppliers local with working When growth. tourism of management sustainable and effective promote can plan a Such nation. suffer. will destination the of sustainability and success overall the long-run, the in stakeholders other for unsatisfactory or unacceptable is it if short-term, the in benefits significant offers that agreement an sign to tempting be may it while tions; negotia during issues sustainability long-term of aware remain also should lines Cruise relationships. of integrity the maintain and trust ensure to partners, other or governments with negotiations in open and transparent be to important is It area. an of governance and development the influence positively can lines cruise ministries, and agencies government with cooperation close Through businesses. and holders stake local with closely work to need lines cruise destination, a of quality the improve and To maintain Local Stakeholders Cooperation andPartnerships with their culture. their of aspects traditional with connections stronger maintain to generation Embera younger the of members some encouraged also has but visitors educates only not partnership The lifestyle. and crafts culture, their about information share who community Embera the of members meet they where village, the to canoe traditional by travel they as culture local the experience passengers cruise excursion, the of start the From visitors. with it share to opportunity an them give and heritage unique their maintain members community help to designed is that village Indian Embera the with partnership in excursion shore special Panama in Excursion Village Cunard’s universities. and agencies governmental groups, environmental various to on then and Miami of University the to satellite via transmitted is data The patterns. weather cyclic and change climate global researching and pollution ocean assessing in aid to data of range wide a gather devices the Science, Atmospheric and Marine of School Miami’s of Rosenstiel Spirit Carnival the on devices data-gathering scientific install to Society SeaKeepers International Society SeaKeepers the and Carnival providers. recreation and operators shore responsible culturally and environmentally promoting and choosing seeking, actively by sustainability local to significantly contribute can lines cruise location, particular a for excursions shore offered of Cruise lines can also cooperate with other local providers to develop a management plan for a desti a for plan management a develop to providers local other with cooperate also can lines Cruise to monitor ocean water quality. Developed under the direction of scientists at the University University the at scientists of direction the under Developed quality. water ocean monitor to .

. Carnival Cruise Lines has established an alliance with the the with alliance an established has Lines Cruise Carnival

In the Panamanian port of Puerto Amador, Cunard offers a a offers Amador, Cunard Puerto of port Panamanian the In Carnival Triumph Carnival

and and -

- - 11 CRUISE LINES

, which focuses on courtesy and professionalism, history and Disney Cruise Line works with the

Caribbean Pride Taxi Program Service Excellence Workshop/Cruise Passengers Equal Profits The The The grand prize for each grade level includes a luncheon aboard the the important role that excellent customer service plays in the success of a destination. The workshop explains customer needs and demonstrates appropriate attitudes to enhance tourist satisfaction, generate greater profits and increase the likelihood that cruise passengers will return and stay over in a destination. to in show, a hands-on, entertaining and informative how way, to increase income from transportation. nies and individuals involved in customer service, highlights the economiccruise industry’s impact and geography, and rules and safety, is geared toward taxi drivers, but it is also relevant to tour operators and vendors providing ground transportation to cruise passengers. The program uses videos and workbooks of charge, to tourism departments and port authorities in every cruise destination in Mexico, the Carib bean and South America. cruise passenger spending and the cruise industry as a whole, highlight other destinations’ successes and improve the overall marketability of a destination. FCCA offers these programs, upon request and free tion (FCCA) represents 13 cruise lines operating more than 100 vessels in Florida, Caribbean and Mexican waters. The association provides two Destination Customer Service Workshops intended to enhance local stakeholders’ cruise products, improve levels of customer service, increase stakeholders’ insight into Cruise Line began Environmentality Jiminy Cricket’s Challenge in Grand Cayman in 2003. Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association training programs. started this program in California and has since expanded it to Central Florida and Hong Kong. Disney encourage children to think and act in a manner that benefits the environment and to teach them to care about the Earth and their community. of environmental issues or taking action to help the environment. The program is designed to Cricket’s EnvironmentalityCricket’s Challenge, by taking an Environmentality Pledge and working on a class project that is geared toward raising awareness their resources. Nearly 1,500 students from three grade levels are invited to participate in the Jiminy Grand Cayman Department ofeach Tourism year to encourage children to learn more about the environment and to take action to help protect Disney Cruise Line’s “Environmentality” Challenge. 12 FROM SHIP TO SHORE and teach them about gas turbines. Holland America Line has provided oceanography classes to local local to classes oceanography provided has Line America Holland turbines. gas about them teach and cameras video on monitored are emissions where students show to tours, its on room engine the includes Cruises Celebrity incinerated. garbage and crushed glass down, broken boxes center,see to recycling deck lower their to students takes Cruises Princess programs. wastewater and emissions recycling, ships’ the about learn students where port, in docked ships of tours includes program The schools. local from students for program education environmental an with industry cruise the about community the educate and engage to helping is NWCA the Alaska, Juneau, In Hawaii. and Alaska Canada, West, North Pacific the in operate that lines cruise major eight the representing association non-profit a is (NWCA) Association Alaska. in programs educational Association’s CruiseShip West North industry. marine the in anyone to charge of free available made and CD-ROM on formatted been has it and training, awareness environmental employee regular its of part as program the offers HAL whales. avoid and recognize to how on mariners educates program training computer-based This industry. maritime the for Training program Avoidance Strike Whale a developed has Administration, Atmospheric and Oceanic National U.S. the and Service Park National U.S. program protection whale America’s Holland result of a public-private partnership involving Royal Caribbean, the University of Miami Rosenstiel Rosenstiel Miami of University the Caribbean, Royal involving partnership public-private a of result Seas the on laboratories oceanographic and atmospheric high-tech and instruments sophisticated Labs Rosenstiel the and International Caribbean Royal entertainment. and cuisine local feature Bermuda, of Government the with association in developed were which events, exclusive George’s. St. These of town Site Heritage World UNESCO the in Catherine St. Fort and Dockyard End West at House Commissioner’s the including sites, historical NCL. from payment for vouchers those redeem then restaurants voucher. The dinner US$50 a to upgrade can they more, US$5 just for voucher, and, lunch the for account guest’s each onboard to added is charge person per US$5 A restaurants. side shore popular at use to voucher lunch US$25 one with gers passen provides NCL Bermuda’srestaurants. of top 50 to 30 of selection a also but ships, the onboard restaurants 10 the of any only not from choose to them allowing program, Dining Freestyle extended an the When culture. and island’s the cuisine of taste a passengers its give to Bermuda in stakeholders local several Bermuda in partnerships Line’s Cruise Norwegian Hawaii. in students for development in is program another and schools, Anchorage in 11 and 5 grades in students for 2005 in piloted was program similar A systems. wastewater ships’ their of tours environmental including students, school high Also in Bermuda, NCL offers a shore excursion program that includes a number of events at local local at events of number a includes that program excursion shore a offers NCL Bermuda, in Also , to help scientists answer significant ocean and climate research questions. The labs are the the are labs The questions. research climate and ocean significant answer scientists help to , Norwegian Crown Crown Norwegian and and Norwegian Majesty Majesty Norwegian . dock in Bermuda, the company offers its passengers passengers its offers company the Bermuda, in dock

Holland America Line (HAL), in partnership with the the with partnership in (HAL), Line America Holland . . Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) has partnered with with partnered has (NCL) Line Cruise Norwegian .

Royal Caribbean International installed installed International Caribbean Royal The North West CruiseShip CruiseShip West North The Explorer of of Explorer

- 13 CRUISE LINES - - - - © HOLLAND AMERICA LINE

Crystal Cruises offers passengers an educational

In addition to focusing on passenger education and awareness, cruise lines should also remember Ensuring that tourists are aware of and comply with appropriate behaviors and guidelines can

invited noted environmental scientists to speak to passengers, as part of a guest lecture series through program of speakers, special-interest lecturers and celebrity appearances through its Creative Learning Institute (CLI). The program, which is offered fleetwide on all ships, of Crystal’s offers programs in arts and entertainment, business and technology, lifestyle, wellness, and wine and food. The company has promote responsible behavior among the passengers with whom they interact. Crystal Cruises’ Creative Learning Institute. that up to a third of the people whom they bring to a destination are The crew. cruise lines can train and educate staff members on the actions that they can take, both to limit their own negative impacts and to sustainability guidelines and the possible effects of their activities. Although any destination will reach a saturation point at some time, this point can be much higher if those visitors behave appropriately. greatly limit the potential negative impacts of visitors to a dozensite. touristsTwo who are well-informed and behave responsibly can have less negative impact than just two or three visitors who are unaware of children’s programs,children’s and can focus on topics such as local regulations, local resources and protected areas, appropriate orbehavior, species-specific guidelines and information. of the people that ships bring to a port. Thus, cruise lines can contribute a great deal to sustainability in a destination by increasing the understanding and awareness of their passengers and educating them on how to act responsibly. This education can take many forms, from onboard lectures and activities to The impacts of cruise tourism on land in a destination principally result from the actions and behavior Education and Awareness Among Awareness and Education Crew and Passengers tant, but hard-to-measure, populations of organisms living in the sea. Data collected is also used for weather forecasts throughout the Caribbean, and includes storm and hurricane forecasts. Visiting scien tists also provide guest lectures on board the ship. the flow of ocean currents to understand the balance and distribution of heat on Earth, studying the dynamic air-sea interface, collecting data to use in ocean and hurricane models, and monitoring impor Observing System and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientists from research insti tutions around the world can continuously collect measurements along repetitive the ship’s cruise tracks, to develop long-running, detailed atmospheric and oceanographic data series. Scientists are measuring School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administra tion, the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Ocean 14 FROM SHIP TO SHORE CLI. For example, in 2006 on a cruise to South America, Dr. Mary Hagedorn, a research physiologist from from physiologist research a Dr. Hagedorn, Mary America, South to cruise a on 2006 in example, For CLI. for ages two to five, to crafts, simulated simulated crafts, to five, to two ages for games and books coloring storytelling, from ages, all of children for activities Crew Kids NCL into incorporated been have program the of Elements country. the around schools in programs Snook Officer sponsors which Inc., Programs, Youth and Environmental NCL between partnership a is initiative The environment. ocean the on pollution of impacts the and pollution, marine prevent water,to how clean of importance the about people young educate to aims 1993, in student school high Florida a by started was which program, The Program. Pollution Water Snook Officer the as such programs education support officers These ship. every onboard officers environmental placed has and crew all for training environmental undertaken has (NCL) tion programs education pollution water America’s NCL and Line Cruise Norwegian period. question-and-answer a and impact, environmental their minimize to take can guests and members crew both that actions of shipboarddiscussion a environmentalcontrols, and aspects include a videopresentations of These efforts. stewardship company’s the environmental on guests, all to open presentation, a gives officer ship’s the environmental cruises, all On culture. and history local as well as voyage, each of ecology regional the on focus speakers These world. the throughout more programs. other its to complementary interpretation offer to board, on member Totem Huna tribe a bring to line only the also is HAL area. the of heritage cultural and history ecology, the discusses Ranger Service Park National a while crafts, traditional demonstrate to onboard also is Center Heritage Native Alaska the with affiliated artisan native A sessions. whale-watching and bird- and groups discussion environmental host and lectures give who naturalists employs company the cruises, Alaska its of all On employees. and guests its among understanding environmental enhance to programs programs enrichment passenger America’s Holland Riviera. the along French or cruise American South a during Portuguese coast, Amalfi the along traveling while Italian learning including Berlitz, from instructors native-fluent with tions destina their of languages the study also can Guests species. marine endangered studying experiences her guests with share will DC, Washington, in Park Zoological Institution’sNational Smithsonian the Outside of Alaska, HAL has developed an Explorations Speaker Series on all cruises of 10 days or or days 10 of cruises all on Series Speaker Explorations an developed has HAL Alaska, of Outside

Holland America Line (HAL) has a variety of of variety a has (HAL) Line America Holland . . NCL Corpora NCL © CRYSTAL CRUISES CRYSTAL © - - 15 CRUISE LINES

- In partnership with Jean-Michel

Seven Seas Cruises developed the Ambassadors Radisson’s Ambassadors of the Environ ment program. Cousteau and the Ocean Futures Society, Radisson interactive games, activity books and presentations by rangers. and the Alaska wilderness to life for thousands of children each These summer. programs include sailings. On its Alaska trips, the cruise line offers Junior Ranger/Teen Explorer programs, produced with the National Park Service, to bring Glacier Bay ronmental activities and events that teach children about the waters around them on select seasonal biology studies and squid dissection. Princess has also teamed up with the Save Our Seas program, created by the California Coastal Commission and the Center for Marine Conservation, to offer envi learning materials to take home with them. On many ships, children have the opportunity to participate in programs offered by the California Science which Center, has trained Princess staff to provide interactive science activities, including whale watching, coral reef studies, building and racing sailboats, marine staff Centersin andthe Teen Youth on all Princess ships use the National Wildlife NatureLink Federation’s activities to teach kids about wildlife and their habitats. Children receive activity books and other Princess Kids “Edutainment” programs. tion, or “edutainment,” programs to passengers between the ages of three and 17 on its ships. Trained allows passengers to learn more about the species and ecosystems they may encounter in port and appro priate ways in which to interact—or not interact—with them. material aboutnatural Hawaii’s resources, including guides on toothed whales and dolphins, humpback whales, coral reefs unique and oceanMaui’s environment. Naturalist-led activities also include shipboard whale watching accompanied by a lecture on whales in Hawaiian habitats. Having a naturalist on board group that provides education, research and outreach on marine conservation issues in Hawaii and the Pacific. The naturalists offer daily presentations about the marine environment and distribute educational Norwegian Cruise Line and the Pacific Whale Foundation. Norwegian Cruise Line and NCL America host a naturalist from the Pacific Whale Foundation, a non-profit beach clean ups and poster contests for pre-teens. The company has also added a teen component that will allow high school students to earn between one and five hours of community service credit for school. 16 FROM SHIP TO SHORE

© HOLLAND AMERICA LINE these groups, while at the same time increasing awareness of sustainability issues among passengers. among issues sustainability of awareness increasing time same the at while groups, these for revenues important raise can passengers to souvenirs and information provide and board on come to organizations development community and conservation or service park national a allowing instance, For destination. the of sustainability the impact directly that organizations or initiatives particular to linked port. in while time some volunteer to passengers even and members crew encourage and groups community or NGOs local with opportunities or projects volunteer develop to is efforts local support to way Another programs. conservation to donations direct and souvenirs and products of purchase fees, entrance through efforts conservation support they areas, protected these visit passengers when that recognizing sites, these to excursions shore market actively and offer can lines cruise areas, protected to visitation To increase development. road or centers visitor as such facilities, pier basic the beyond development infrastructure local support can they example, For projects. development community and conservation local in investments make can lines cruise destination, a in sustainability to Tocontribute Community Development and Contributions toConservation year. the throughout departures select on ships Radisson aboard lecturer guest rity celeb a as himself Cousteau by appearances include program expanded this of Highlights cruises. select on team his and Cousteau by dives from uplinks TV live and programming TV in-suite original series, lecture ﬂeet-wide a include to enhanced was program the 2005, In home. return they when knowledge and skills new their share to encouraged are children The experts. Society Futures Ocean by them for Cruise lines can also allow onboard fundraising activities or host dedicated fundraising events events fundraising dedicated host or activities fundraising onboard allow also can lines Cruise reefs, sustainable lifestyles and traditional traditional and lifestyles sustainable reefs, the on sailing 15 through nine ages children for program a with 2004 in launched was which partnership, The conservation. and lifestyles sustainable of importance critical the about learn and nature with Tahiti in connect ship their on children help to program, Environment the of and enjoy multimedia presentations designed designed presentations multimedia enjoy and farms, vanilla and pearl explore watching, dolphin and whale go reefs, coral visit rays, with snorkel temples, ancient explore hikes, guided on go Children culture. Polynesian Paul Gauguin Paul , focuses on coral coral on focuses ,

Carnival © CELEBRITY CRUISES Xpedition Xpedition hosted a ship visitation, Celebrity Cruises promotes

. Carnival Glory Shipboard employees on Carnival Cruise

Celebrity has implemented a range of conser . air emissions and installing an advanced waste water puriﬁcation system, which is scheduled to go on line in 2006. Celebrity also partners with with local teachers to learn more about their own islands. Celebrity is currently working with the San Francisco University of the Galapagos to develop hotel and hospitality classes that are designed to increase local capacity to manage their tourism- based economy. vation measures to reduce the impact of including purchasing goods with a high recycled content, using a special generator that minimizes on the islands. Celebrity also sponsors an agricultural engineer to assist local farmers in their efforts to grow local produce. The company invites local school children to sail on , which sails in these islands, seeks to minimize any environmental crew raised funds for an orphanage in Manzanillo, Mexico, through change Xpedition Carnival Spirit held an auction to raise money for theunit children’s of the public hospital in Cozumel, To help theTo Galapagos National Park more effectively manage the area, Celebrity has provided a

courtship dances make it one of the most popular wildlife attractions in the Galapagos Islands. The blue-footed amazing booby’s diving feats and intricate high-speed Zodiac to patrol the waters. The company also assists the local Fundación Galapagos in recycling plastics and returning them to the mainland and hires local fisherman to do shore clean-ups efforts there. Celebrity’s impact in this unique part of the world. Celebrity Cruises’ support for conservation in the Galapagos Islands responsible environmental tourism in the Galapagos Islands and supports conservation and community lunch and Christmas party for about 30 children from a local orphanage in Belize, and raised thousands of dollars for the orphanage through a raffle of items donated by the crew. collection boxes for guests and crew and other fundraising activities. Children from the orphanages also have the opportunity to tour Carnival vessels while they are in port and enjoy lunch and playtime in the areaschildren’s aboard the ships. In December 2005, crew of the Inspiration Mexico, and the including Jamaica, Belize, Mexico and other destinations. The employees host onboard fundraisers to raise money for clothes, food, toys, mattresses, school supplies and toiletries for the children, and crew members often visit the orphanages to spend time with the children. For example, crew from the Carnival Cruise Lines’ Adopt-an-Orphanage program Lines ships regularly “adopt” orphanages in impoverished areas of the countries that their cruises visit, © CELEBRITY CRUISES CELEBRITY © 18 FROM SHIP TO SHORE the community in studying and protecting wildlife and habitats in both marine and terrestrial ecosys terrestrial and marine both in habitats and wildlife protecting and studying in community the world. the around projects 450 than more to million US$8.5 over contributed has fund the 1998, Since organizations. wildlife and conservation non-profit to distributed are guests from contributions the of percent 100 that so program the for costs administrative and overhead Cay away island Disney’s on private passengers to offered Adventure, Ray’s Stingray Castaway Line Cruise Disney new the from proceeds the of portion a addition, In ago. years three line cruise the with established was it since fund the to contributed have passengers cruise of Thousands voyages. their of end the at forms gratuity their on fund the to contribution a make also can guests Line Cruise Disney and donations, corporate by supported is fund The world. the around projects conservation for organizations non-profit Fund. Conservation Wildlife Disney islands. the educates and work its in Foundation the assists both that program fundraising a in Foundation Darwin Charles The region of Guatemala. of region Petén the in Center Rescue ARCAS the of grounds the on (CEIA) Center Interpretation and Education Reserve’sEnvironmental Biosphere Maya the of establishment the and Bahamas; the in Science Marine for Institute Perry the and Relief Reef by ties activi awareness-raising and restoration preservation, reef coral Panama; Beach, Chiriqui at programs recovery turtle sea leatherback and Corporation’shawksbill Conservation Caribbean the included have NGOs international and local with partnership in DWCF by supported tions organizations. conservation national inter and organizations non-governmental and governmental academic, Jamaican several involving effort collaborative a Program, Recovery Iguana Jamaican the and Island; Providence New on Parrot Bahamas the conserve to efforts its in International, BirdLife Bahamas; the for strategy conservation turtle sea a developing in Turtle Sea Research for Center Carr Archie the supporting is fund the example, For tems. DWCF focuses on supporting programs that not only gather scientific information, but also engage engage also but information, scientific gather only not that programs supporting on focuses DWCF Other programs in cruise destina cruise in programs Other , goes directly to DWCF. In addition to directly making corporate contributions, Disney pays all all pays Disney contributions, corporate making DWCF. directly to to directly addition In goes , Xpedition guests about the varied landscape, pristine waters and abundant wildlife found in in found wildlife abundant and waters pristine landscape, varied the about guests - The Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund (DWCF) awards grants to to grants awards (DWCF) Fund Conservation Wildlife Disney The -

- 19 CRUISE LINES - © DISNEY CRUISE LINE Through its Foundation for All cruise lines that sail

On Half Moon Holland Cay, Americaprivate Line’s island in the

. On every cruise, the Glacier Bay rangers and ANHA staff bring a 70-pound trunk of educational The DWCF also offers support to communities in times of crises, through its Rapid Response Fund, 200 pairs of roseate terns, shearwaters and Bahamian pintails. those facilities are designed to minimize environmental impacts on the island, which is also an interna tional bird sanctuary. The Bahamian National designates Trust and retains part of the island as a wild bird reserve, which serves as nesting grounds for waterfowl, including 10,000 sooty terns, noddy terns, Holland America’s Half Moon Cay Bahamas, great care was taken to ensure that the natural ecology of the island was conserved. Only 2 percent of the 2,400-acre island was developed to accommodate shoresidethe company’s facilities, and Princess cruise, as the books almost always sell out to passengers as they cruise through Glacier Bay. materials on board, via tender as the ship sails into the Princess bay. Cruises allows for an additional 70-pound trunk to be loaded onto each of their ships while in port in Juneau, prior to their arrival in Glacier By Bay. taking this simple extra step, Princess allows ANHA to double its fundraising sales on each fundraising efforts. sells various educational materials and books, ranging from ﬁeld guides books,to children’s raising funds to connect people natural to Alaska’s and cultural heritage. Because most visitors to Glacier Bay come to the national park onboard by cruise sales ship, comprise ANHA’s the majority of the organization’s Glacier Bay National Park and the Alaska Natural History Association. through Glacier Alaska, Bay, bring Glacier Bay National Park rangers and staff from the Alaska Natural History Association (ANHA) on board to help educate passengers naturalon the area’s history. ANHA also children in 26 cruise destinations in the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America. organization in the Bahamas. The Foundation also organizes an annual Holiday Gift Project, during which Santa arrives by cruise ship and brings presents to children from orphanages, homeless shelters, foster homes and schools for children with special needs. In 2004, the project delivered gifts to more than 5,000 have supported hurricane relief in Cozumel, food programs for impoverished citizens of the Dominican Republic, Red Cross chapters in Aruba and St. Maarten, and Earthcare, an environmental education the Caribbean, the Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association (FCCA) provides opportunities for its 13 member cruise lines to help fund humanitarian causes and improve the lives of people in the Caribbean. Each year, the Foundation offers multiple grants to non-tourism-related charities in various destinations. Past grants Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association’s Foundation for the Caribbean. facilities, paid for tsunami debris removal from the coral reefs and nesting beaches of Southeast Asia (thus employing local people as well) and reconstructed volunteer educator dormitories at Centro Ecológico Akumal sea turtle research facilities in Mexico. which has helped in hurricane recovery efforts for both the Jamaican and Grand Cayman iguana research 20 FROM SHIP TO SHORE

© ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL the American Association for American Geographers in Washington, DC, to conduct a coastal and marine marine and coastal a conduct to DC, Washington, in Geographers American for Association American the to US$40,000 conservation; habitat for Alaska in land coastal of tracts purchase to Virginia, Arlington, in Fund Conservation The to US$150,000 included grants Other Florida. County, Miami-Dade throughout schools for curriculum marine-science a develop and vessel training vocational and science accessible fully a into trimaran 37-foot a transform children, disadvantaged and disabled for sites educational and recreational into islands Bay, Florida, Biscayne two transform help to US$150,000 received which created. was Fund the since zations organi different 50 to awarded been has million US$7 than More technologies. innovative of development the and education research, support to organizations non-proﬁt and institutions conservation marine to grants offers Fund The life. marine and ecosystems coastal oceans, about awareness promote and oceans, the on impact human negative minimize environments, marine healthy maintain and restore help Fund. Ocean Caribbean’s Royal commu and civic include focus of Foundation’s areas The services. and goods purchases or employment signiﬁcant generates operates, industry cruise the where communities in life of quality the improve to 1998, in (CICF) Foundation Charitable Industry Cruise the established (ICCL) Lines Cruise of Council Foundation. Charitable Industry Cruise Lines’ Cruise of Council International environment. natural the with balance positive a maintaining while experience Bahamian enhanced an provides that In 2005, the Fund granted US$613,000 to 11 different organizations, including Shake-a-Leg Miami, Miami, Shake-a-Leg including organizations, different 11 to US$613,000 granted Fund the 2005, In destination visitor model a as Bahamas the of Government the by recognized been has island The

Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. established the Ocean Fund in 1996 to to 1996 in Fund Ocean the established Ltd. Cruises Caribbean Royal pagos Conservancy Foundation. Conservancy pagos Gala the and Foundation Science spheric Atmo Marine of School Miami’sRosenstiel of University the Foundation, Management Conservancy’sEnvironmental Brandywine the Center, Science Tampa of Marine University the Alliance, Island The Institute, Research SeaWorld Hubbs Institute, YouthLeadership Farm Shelburne Foundation, Sanctuary Marine Center, National Sealife Alaska the include years several last the over CICF by supported programs and Organizations preservation. environmental and health public training, and assistance educational development, nity The International International The © REEF BALL FOUNDATION BALL REEF © - - - - 21 CRUISE LINES

© WINDSTAR CRUISES Fondo in , the company (FAI, the (FAI, National Trust Silver Whisper msy Wind Star Fondo per l’Ambiente Italiano. Italian artistic and environmental heritage. Through the partnership, Silversea, an Italian company, is giving back to its Italian heritage. In June 2005, Silversea hosted a fundraising luncheon aboard the Portofino, to benefit theproperty FAI Villa dei Vescovi, a rare pre-Palladian estate Silversea’s fundraising events for FAI— Silversea Cruises works closely with per l’Ambiente Italiano for Italy), a private, non-profit foundation that works to preserve, protect and promote Windstar Cruises supports charities and other organizations

. msy Wind Surf.

materials from the which is home to 31 boys between the ages of three and 13. The donations will help the institutions expand their operations and provide safe havens for more children in need. Windstar is also working with Barbados and Tourism the Barbados Welfare Department to coordinate a similar donation program for is donating mattresses and linens to two orphanages and one senior center in Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The recipient organizations include the Hogar de Ancianos Miguel Moreno, which provides a home to 25 seniors; Hogar Cristiano, which houses 60 girls between two and 17 years old; and Hogar Montserrat, Windstar’s support for local institutions along its ships’ sailing routes. As part of an upgrade of amenities on the Silversea is organizing a further series of onboard fundraisers forin 2006,FAI with events such as wine tastings and auctions. benefactor group ofheard FAI, presentations Culturalby FAI Director Marco Magnifico and Silversea owner Manifredi Lefebvre on why and how Silversea supports The FAI. event raised a total of US$450,000. outside of Padova, near Venice. Silversea covered all costs for the event, so that all proceeds could directly benefit Luncheon FAI. attendees, who included members of the Balbienello Circle, a U.S.-based The Villa Della Porta Bozzolo, propertyan FAI outside of Varese, near Milan, Italy. Cabrillo Bay coastal habitat; and US$20,000 to the Pacific Marine Mammal Center in Laguna Beach, California, to help construct four marine mammal rehabilitation pools. preventing seal entanglements and training materials on the evaluation of injured marine animals; US$40,000 over two years to the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium in San Pedro, California, to continue its Sea Rangers youth conservation program, which trains students as naturalists who conduct tours of the clean-up project in four districts of Colon, Panama; US$48,000 to the Cape Cod Stranding Network in Buzzards Massachusetts, Bay, to develop outreach materials and a public awareness campaign on © FONDO PER L’AMBIENTE ITALIANO L’AMBIENTE PER FONDO ©

GOVERNMENTS

Governments have a responsibility to ensure the sustainable evolu- tion of tourism in their countries and to see that the benefits to 23 society from cruise tourism are maximized. To do so, they need to make the destination attractive to both cruise lines and passengers S T N E M N R E V O G by providing high-quality infrastructure and services that ensure that health, safety and security policies are up to international standards and expectations. Government agencies can work closely with various stakeholder groups to ensure that benefits are distributed equitably among all concerned parties. In many cases, governments in cruise destinations may not have the budgets or professional expertise to fully and sustainably manage the rapid growth of cruise tourism in an area. In these cases, governments have a responsibility to seek support from other stakeholders, in order to facilitate a fair and effective destination management process. © PRINCESS CRUISES PRINCESS © 24 FROM SHIP TO SHORE

© CARNIVAL CRUISE LINES Supportive Policy andanEnabling a destination and its environmental and cultural product offerings are accurately reflected in the cruise cruise the in reflected accurately are offerings product cultural and environmental its and destination a of image desired the that ensure to lines cruise with collaborate can Governments tourism. sustainable for environment enabling overall an ensure to stakeholders local with closely work can governments resources. limited of because enforce to difficult often are which penalties, and regulations than manage and implement to easier be can times permit longer or breaks tax as such Incentives standards. practice management good meet to businesses local and lines cruise to incentives provide to is opment devel tourism responsible promote to way effective Another practices. management better establish and revenue provide that agreements concession or funds, trust as such tools financing creative include might conservation and development community support that instruments Policy area. particular a in tourism cruise of growth rapid the manage and control responsibly help can term long the over destination a of integrity cultural and resources natural the protect that strategies development and policies Government Environment In addition to ensuring that national and local policies and strategies support sustainable tourism, tourism, sustainable support strategies and policies local and national that ensuring to addition In tion Trust (PACT) in 1996. Through its Grants Grants its Through 1996. Trust in tion (PACT) Conserva Areas Protected the established Belize of Government the areas, protected these of management the support to financing sustainable To generate help protection. of form some under aside set been has Belize Trust. Conservation Areas Protected Belize’s levels. international and regional national, local, the at goals, tourism sustainable on collaboration for forums create to groups stakeholder other with join also can Governments image. desired the maintain to businesses responsible socially and tally environmen local for incentives providing and planning marketing, in involved tively proac be and lines cruise the to available messages communications and materials marketing make can ministries and boards Tourism materials. industry’smarketing About 52 percent of the land area in in area land the of percent 52 About

© SILVERSEA CRUISES SILVERSEA © - - - - 25 GOVERNMENTS - - - - © HOLLAND AMERICA LINE Reef Marine Park. The primary incentive is the opportunity to be designated a “high-standard operation” and receive an extended operating permit within the protected area. Once an operatorpermit require has met the GBRMPA’s ments, it is granted a typical six-year permit. The operator may then choose to apply for the extended, 15-year permit, which is granted Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. The Australian Government, through the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), offers various incentives to tour operators and cruise lines that operate within the Great Barrier

© TOURISM QUEENSLAND The GBRMPA has also taken steps to increase mutual understanding and cooperation between its shipping staff from the GBRMPA to meet with captains and environmental management staff to discuss ship with the cruise lines. In early 2005, the agency began an informal program of on-ship meetings while cruise ships are in port, to learn more about how ships operate in the Marine Park and to increase the cruise lines’ understanding of the park management processes. These meetings allow permit and in the future. staff and the cruise lines, making the agency more approachable and allowing for a partnership relation publications. In addition, cruise lines have an incentive to choose extended permit holders as their tour operators of choice for shore excursions, knowing that they will likely still be in business months or years satisfaction, environmental sustainability, interpretation and education, contribution to conservation, working with local communities, and cultural respect and sensitivity. Additional incentives for high-stan dard operations include special brand recognition on the GBRMPA Web site, at trade events and in various tion program, such as Ecotourism Advanced Australia’s and Eco Certification scheme. These standards cover business management and operational planning, business ethics, responsible marketing, customer if the operator meets strict standards laid out in an independent, and GBRMPA-recognized, accredita An aerial view of the Great Barrier Reef. they currently account for 41 percent of revenues. 2002 has resulted in a significant increaseannual revenues in PACT’s from cruise ship commissions. While cruise ship passengers provided only about 6 percent of revenuesearly years in PACT’s of operation, paid by all visitors to Belize upon departure, a US$1.40 commission per passenger from cruise ships, and concessions and recreation-related license fees. Although PACT was not set up to generate revenues exclusively from the cruise industry, a 500 percent increase in cruise visitors to Belize between 2001 and Award Programme, PACT offers small grants to NGOs and government agencies that are involved in the conservation and management of protected areas. PACT is capitalized by a conservation tax of US$3.75 26 FROM SHIP TO SHORE sustainable management objectives for the cruise industry, on topics including emissions, discharges to to discharges emissions, including topics on industry, cruise the for objectives management sustainable and practices best environmental out sets agreement The Southland. in tourism cruise increase and promote to continuing while area, an such managing of costs growing the from communities local protect and management sustainable promote region, the of environments terrestrial adjoining and marine natural the preserve to seeks 2001, in place in set was which Deed, The lines. cruise international for destination popular increasingly an region, country’s the Southland of resources natural the managing for responsible is that agency government regional Zealand New a (ES), Southland Environment with Agreement. of Deed Zealand New others. and authorities port handlers, ground agents, cruise ners, plan itinerary line cruise to accurately marketed is Park Marine the that ensure to Queensland, of state Australian the for authority development and marketing tourism the Tourism to Queensland, input detailed provided also has GBRMPA The systems. management environmental onboard and technologies shipboard in changes as such topics on training received have members staff 2005, early Since industry. cruise the about staff, assessment environmental especially staff, its educate proactively more to begun also has GBRMPA The Park. Marine the in operations general and processes management waste conditions, permit New Zealand’s most visited sites, Milford Milford sites, visited Zealand’s New most of one where Site, Heritage World and Park National Fjordland and Island Stewart at Park National Rakiura includes which region, Southland the in sail can ships Deed. the of success the evaluate and trends visitation track to used is information That trip. each on used anchorages or moorings any and stops at undertaken activities stops, of duration made, stops taken, routes times, dates, the shows that sheet log a on monitored also are visits Cruise coastline. the around projects conservation coastal and marine support to tonnage, ship’s registered the on gross based Fee, Marine a ES pay lines cruise visit, each For area. the visit that lines international major the of 10 including date, to agreement the signed have companies cruise 25 About moorings. and anchorages and kayaks, or zodiacs as such vessels ancillary of use litter, helicopters, noise, underwater and shipboard ashore, getting protection, wildlife speed, ship issues, safety and navigational hulls, of water,cleaning The Deed also controls where cruise cruise where controls also Deed The program. monitoring ship cruise a and Fee Marine a are features TwoDeed’s significant the of most The New Zealand cruise industry has signed a Deed of Agreement Agreement of Deed a signed has industry cruise Zealand New The

Once passengers arrive at the protected areas, parks can provide a park registry for visitors to give

for direct donations to conservation efforts. park through cruise lines’ loyalty programs. Finally, once the cruise passengers have arrived at a site and been exposed to its natural resources and conservation activities, managers of protected areas have an opportunity to leverage their interest into additional revenue generation, through product sales or requests the park. Governments can work with protected area managers to provide educational materials on the natural resources and conservation efforts of the parks and actively market the park products to shore excursion providers. Information can also be provided to past visitors who have expressed interest in the personal information in order to receive future updates about the park and its conservation successes. Such a registry will also help to track visitor numbers, raise funds and improve the management of a high level of service, in order to ensure that the sites remain attractive to both cruise lines and their passengers and competitive with other destinations. for surrounding communities to participate and benefit from cruise tourism. Governments can also work with managers of protected areas to develop plans to manage visitation by cruise passengers and provide from those fees go back into management of the specific site, so that the cruise lines and passengers see the direct results of their contributions. Fees can also be used to develop opportunities environmental and financial sustainability. One way to do so is to charge entrance fees to protected areas and ensure that the revenues and behave appropriately, and that visita tion to a park contributes to its continued strategies for destinations. Governments and park managers can work together to ensure that visitors to the parks are well-managed National parks and other protected areas are key elements in both conservation and tourism Protected Areas and Park Management and Park Areas Protected waterway, passage, fjord, bay or inlet in any one day. are no-go areas for any cruise ship, whether or not they are signed to the Deed, unless specific resource consent has been obtained. All scheduling of cruise ships in and through internal the region’s waters is coordinated by the cruise industry and ES, to ensure that no more than two cruise ships enter any Sound, is located. Coastal areas are demarcated red and green on area maps, and cruise lines signed to the agreement can operate in green areas provided they comply with provisions. the Deed’s The red areas 28 FROM SHIP TO SHORE Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Australia. Park, Marine Reef Barrier Great percent of which remains in the park. the in remains which of percent 80 fee, management franchise a pay concessionaire the that requires which Service, Park National the with individually negotiated is agreement bar. concession snack Each a and campground a concessions: two to home also is park The services. educational quality ensure to staff, their train to required are providers activity All resources. aesthetic and natural cultural, on impacts potential and education use, land experience, and use visitor mission, park the with compatibility their on based evaluated be activities commercial new any that requires also plan The operations. its for fee this of percent 80 retains park the Trunk Bay, and visiting passengers cruise serve that operators tour from fee user daily US$4 a requires plan The process. opment devel Plan Management General the of part as 2001, in drafted was Plan Use Services Commercial a area, the of sustainability continued and management better in results park the of popularity increasing the that To years. ensure several last the over numbers visitor in rate growth percent 9 average an experienced has Park National Islands Virgin Park. National Islands Virgin U.S. planned. as delivered are itineraries ensure to advance, in booked be can that anchorages safe accessible, readily for provides and permitting of cost the reduces ships), cruise of range wide a by use for assessed socially and culturally environmentally, been already has anchorage designated each (as times processing permit quicker for allows anchorages of designation The sites. scenic and safe of variety wide a to access ships allowing Park, Marine the across anchorages ship cruise 27 designated has GBRMPA anchoring, by caused damage management. park and education visitor research, for Park Marine the into back directly year, channeled per is million) US$5.65 (about million AU$7.5 about averages which appropriation, special year. each This appropriation special a as GBRMPA the to back amount equivalent an pays then ment govern The government. Australian the in revenue consolidated into funds the pays which GBRMPA, the to funds the remit operators quarter, tour Each Park. Marine the to visitor each from day per US$3.40) (about AU$4.50 now is which Charge, Management Environmental an collect to required been have operators tour 1993, Since area. the in efforts conservation benefits tourism cruise that and destination cruise a as attractive remains Park Marine Reef Barrier Great the that ensure to steps several taken has (GBRMPA) In an effort to make the Great Barrier Reef a more cruise ship-friendly destination and to limit limit to and destination ship-friendly cruise more a Reef Barrier Great the make to effort an In The U.S. U.S. The - Australia’s Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Authority Park Marine Reef Barrier Australia’sGreat © DOMINICA TOURIST OFFICE TOURIST DOMINICA ©

In addition to ensuring that facilities and infrastructure are high-quality and sustainable, govern

A view of Roseau, the capital of Dominica. The Caribbean island nation is an increasingly popular cruise destination. ments have a responsibility to support the sustainable growth and development of tourism-related use of local, sustainable building materials and techniques can ensure that infrastructure development is appropriate and sustainable in the long term. it is important to carefully consider where these facilities will be sited and how they will be built. Broad land-use planning exercises that integrate tourism, environmental and socio-economic priorities and the minimal negative impact during their visits, and the destination will rapidly lose its attractiveness to both cruise lines and passengers. When developing physical infrastructure, such as roads, waste and water management facilities, energy sources, anchorages, port facilities, visitor centers and other structures, human capital, to support visitation by cruise passengers in a destination. Without adequate and high- quality infrastructure and services, it will be difficult to ensure that cruise passengers have a relatively Human and Physical Capital and Physical Human Governments are ultimately responsible for providing the basic infrastructure, including both physical and Infrastructure Support— Infrastructure 30 FROM SHIP TO SHORE services for cruise passengers, including including passengers, cruise for services to HERITAS sites are cruise passengers, and the average passenger spends about US$60. Among the the Among US$60. about spends passenger average the and passengers, cruise are sites HERITAS to visitors of percent 95 About attractions. and sites heritage to tours for agency tour and arm marketing the Tours, Heritage and members, its of interests the promotes that association trade non-profit a (HERITAS), communities. rural in particularly people, Lucian St. the among distributed equitably more are island the on activities tourism from benefits that ensure to helping is and industry Lucia’s St. tourism of sustainability the enhanced has SLHTP the from Support industries. agricultural and cultural to linkages enhanced and advocacy policy environment, enabling an of creation development, capacity conceptualization, on focused have interventions subsequent while funding, grant and loans provided Ministry the 2003, to 1998 from program, the of phase first the In services. and products tourism heritage promote that ties activi community to support Tourism, provides of Ministry Lucia St. the of initiative community-based Programme. Tourism Heritage Lucia St. percent. 30 by emissions air ship destination’scruise the reducing sources, power shore into plug and engines their off and the 2005, In ships. its of two refitting in Cruises Princess by investment million US$1.8 a and Light City Seattle with partnership close a Agency, Protection Environmental U.S. the from grant US$50,000 a with achieved was capacity This destination.) such first the was Alaska, (Juneau, ships cruise docking to power provide to infrastructure the with States United the in destination cruise second the is Washington, Plan. Power Shore Seattle of Port general. in tourism and industry cruise the about associations business and ties communi local among awareness raise help also can representatives Government others. and owners restaurant artisans, drivers, taxi operators, shore including people, local to ties opportuni capacity-building and education training, offer can Governments shopping. and recreation service, food transportation, Sapphire Princess Sapphire In 1999, SLHTP assisted in the establishment of the Heritage Tourism Association of St. Lucia Lucia St. of Tourism Association Heritage the of establishment the in assisted SLHTP 1999, In , two of the nine cruise ships that dock in the Port of Seattle, were able to turn turn to able were Seattle, of Port the in dock that ships cruise nine the of two , Seattle, Seattle, - - The St. Lucia Heritage Tourism Programme (SLHTP), a a (SLHTP), Tourism Programme Heritage Lucia St. The Diamond Princess Diamond © PRINCESS CRUISES PRINCESS ©

© RADISSON SEVEN SEAS CRUISES © LOS CABOS TOURISM BOARD - nesting season to work with a local youth group that assists the Department of Fisheries in data collection and tagging of turtles. Barras Watch, whichTurtle includes overnight tours for visitors to a remote area during sea turtle cally depressed areas, and branding and marketing of local handicrafts and indigenous cuisine. The program has also assisted in organizing the Des projects supported by the SLHTP are community- managed tours, Friday Nite food fetes in economi

CIVIL SOCIETY

Civil society, which includes non-proﬁt organizations, local communities and indigenous groups, tends to focus mostly on 33 areas of concern about cruise industry impacts and has not typically sought proactive engagement with the industry on how to improve Y T E I C O S L I V I C destination management. However, because of their unique skills and expertise on conservation and community development issues, civil society organizations have an opportunity to work with other stakeholders, including the cruise lines, to develop and implement solutions for addressing their key concerns and increasing the sustainability of cruise tourism in areas of high biodiversity. While there is still an important role for civil society in monitoring the perfor- mance and commitment of other stakeholders to sustainability, these groups should also increase their experience and comfort level in collaborating more closely with business and government on macro-development issues and sustainable destination management. © NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY FOUNDATION SANCTUARY MARINE NATIONAL © 34 FROM SHIP TO SHORE

© MDI WATER QUALITY COALITION with Carnival Cruise Lines to help educate cruise passengers about coral reefs. One of Reef Check’s Reef of One reefs. coral about passengers cruise educate help to Lines Cruise Carnival with partnered has world, the around reefs coral protecting and managing monitoring, to dedicated is that Coral impacts. negative any to solutions seek jointly to and tourism cruise of impacts social and environmental the track to systems monitoring establishing for resource a as act to lines cruise the with engagement direct seek also can groups community and NGOs initiatives. and tours programs, cooperative develop and awareness raise to stakeholders of range broad a among collaboration wider catalyze and participation that facilitate help participation, community local for advocate important an be also can society Civil expertise. in-house or budgets the have not may that agencies government to capacity and support provide and issues, sustainability to solutions for options different on holders stake other advise issues, development community and conservation on information and knowledge provide can groups These destination. a in development tourism cruise sustainable of challenges the meet to how determining in stakeholders other for resource important an as serve can groups society Civil Resource forInformation andExpertise biological oxygen demand. oxygen biological and levels oxygen dissolved determine to samples water collects Coalition Quality Water MDI the with intern student A impacts. negative prevent to order in reef, coral a on diving or snorkeling swimming, when themselves conduct should guests how for guidelines provides also video The ecosystems. marine in reefs coral of role important the about ship, Carnival each on system TV in-cabin the on runs which video, a developed organization the goal, Toward this crisis. reef coral global the about awareness raise to is missions key r eef conservation with Reef Check Reef with conservation eef . . Reef Check, a volunteer ocean conservation organization organization conservation ocean volunteer a Check, Reef Community Environmental Health Laboratory, a a Laboratory, Health Environmental Community the at analyzed were Samples indicators. quality water of variety a for water sample to order in ships alongside monitors volunteer transport to used was boat harbormaster’s Harbor Bar The tion. educa community and research environmental through Island Desert Mount of quality water the improving and preserving in ages all of citizens engaging to dedicated organization non-proﬁt local a is MDIWQC The quality. water on legislation state new with compliance industry cruise about concern expressed members community after project monitoring ship cruise citizen-based a initiated (MDIWQC) Coalition Quality Water Island Coalition. Quality Water Island Desert Mount The In Bar Harbor, Maine, the Mount Desert Desert Mount the Harbor, Maine, Bar In © MDI WATER QUALITY COALITION QUALITY WATER MDI © - - 35 CIVIL SOCIETY

© LOS CABOS TOURISM BOARD Bridging the gap between public and private efforts, The Florida Keys Eco-Discovery Center in Key West will help educate cruise visitors, other tourists and locals about the biodiversity of the myriad ecosystems of the region. the environment, managing marine protected areas and the maritime culture and history of the Florida Keys. The exhibits will include a multipurpose 75-seat theater that will offer a video presentation about NMSF and NMSP are currently collaborating on the Florida Keys Eco-Discovery which Center, is slated to open in the summer of 2006. The which Center, will be part of a three-building environmental complex near the cruise ship pier in Key West, Florida, will feature interactive exhibits on human interaction with managed National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) in conducting research, education and outreach programs designed to conserve and raise awareness about marine sanctuaries in the United States. The National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (NMSF), a private, non-proﬁt organization, assists the federally during future cruise seasons, clearly stating local harbor regulations, clearly interpreting and stringently enforcing state legislation, and increasing community involvement. of this project, the MDIWQC has made recommendations to the cruise industry, the town of Bar the Harbor, Maine State Department of Environmental Protection and community members about increasing aware ness of state and local regulations, supporting and funding local citizen groups to ensure monitoring collaborative outreach program of the MDIWQC and the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. The volunteer monitors detected no signiﬁcant long-term effects on the water quality in Bar As Harbor. a result 36 FROM SHIP TO SHORE

© REEF BALL FOUNDATION the unique tropical hardwood forests, mangroves, coral reefs, shipwrecks and open ocean that make make that ocean open and shipwrecks reefs, coral mangroves, forests, hardwood tropical unique the six sanctuaries in the Mediterranean, to complement the Cetacean Sanctuary in the Ligurian Sea. Ligurian the in Sanctuary Cetacean the complement to Mediterranean, the in sanctuaries six of creation the is project proposed One passengers. its and Costa of support financial the with terranean, Medi the in activities targeted its continue also will Italy crew. WWF and staff among awareness raise and activities, children’s their program into incorporate to programs environmental develop accounts, board ship their to donations charge to passengers allow cabins, passenger in pamphlets educational place will WWF, of help the With Costa practices. tourism irresponsible and methods fishing harmful pollution, from Mediterranean the defending on focus Italy, will WWF involves which partnership, the of phase first The Brazil. Northeastern and Antilles Greater the Sea, Mediterranean the ecoregions: marine endangered most Cruises. Costa and WWF reefs. the around and in life marine created newly the transplanting then and corals, and life marine propagate and structures reef for concrete pour to helping Bahamas, the in Cay Coco of coast the off project ball reef one in part took guests and members crew Caribbean Royal example, For reefs. artificial these of creation the in pate partici actively can staff and passengers cruise technology, ball reef Using content. interpretive other and signage through ecosystems, reef the on visitors educating and species marine attracting and preserving time same the at while excursions, diving and snorkeling on enjoy to passengers cruise for reefs artificial Curacao. in ball reef a on growth coral Measuring theater. the in sanctuary marine the from broadcasts live-feed be also will There Sanctuary. Marine National Keys Florida the up WWF and Costa Cruises are partnering to help protect three of the world’s the of three protect help to partnering are Cruises Costa and WWF systems through awareness-raising activities activities awareness-raising through systems reef natural restore and protect to helps that NGO environmental an is Inc. Foundation, Foundation. Ball Reef The Cruises Ltd. and Disney Cruise Line to create create to Line Cruise Disney and Ltd. Cruises Caribbean Royal Line, America Holland with countries. 50 in projects restoration reef 3,500 than more conducted has Foundation the decade, last the In spots. diving and fishing new as well as species, freshwater and marine for habitat new create and reefs coral ailing restore to designed is that concrete marine-friendly special a of made are Balls Reef Foundation’spatented The reefs. artificial of development the and The Reef Ball Foundation has worked worked has Foundation Ball Reef The The Reef Ball Ball Reef The © REEF BALL FOUNDATION BALL REEF © - - - 37 CIVIL SOCIETY

Four of the indigenous communities on or near When it comes to ensuring the sustainability of a destination, local smaller, organizations and

increased volume of tourists, including cultural and artisan community centers, public markets, improve ments to water systems and interpretive trails. In addition, ACDI/VOCA has helped artisans along the route diversify and adapt their handicraft designs to appeal to foreign tourists. ship visitors via shuttle boat excursions during the October through April cruise season. ACDI/VOCA has assisted two of these communities, La Chunga and Boca Lara, with infrastructure to support the the tourist route, which is known as Paraiso an eco/agro-tourism route, in conjunction with the Panamanian Institute. Tourism poorly managed forestry and agricultural activities, DECO-Darien programACDI/VOCA’s has developed countries around the world. In the Darien region of southern Panama, a culturally diverse and environ mentally rich region that faces serious threats from non-profit organization that promotes broad-based economic growth and the development of civil society in emerging democracies and developing ACDI/VOCA’s support to indigenous commu nities in Panama. in order to enable themselves to play a more proactive and equal role in any land-use or destination development activities. such cases, these organizations should educate themselves on issues relating to cruise tourism and sustainability and, when necessary, seek assistance from larger organizations or government agencies, communities have just as important a role to play as that of larger NGOs or any other stakeholder group. theyHowever, may be at a disadvantage because of a lack of resources, knowledge or experience. In revenue from increased tourism, through local handicrafts, community-owned businesses, excursions and other ventures. Civil society organizations can contribute to sustainability through training and capacity building for other stakeholders on issues such as good practice, biodiversity conservation, cultural preservation and locally appropriate Thesebehavior. groups can also help to organize local communities to be able to capture Capacity Building 38 FROM SHIP TO SHORE The Nature Conservancy’s Tropical Discovery Hike at Magens Bay. Bay. Magens at Hike Discovery Tropical Conservancy’s Nature The for Boaters, which recommend operating operating recommend which Boaters, for Guidelines Practices PWF’s by Best own abide boats all wildlife, with interaction regarding laws federal and state all following to addition In oils. cooking vegetable recycled from made fuel alternative an Biodiesel, Maui includes that blend fuel a use boats PWF’s of eco-tour Some life. marine other and dolphins whales, on impact minimal has that way a in vessels operating and tours dolphin the on fish feeding not as behavior, such responsible ronmentally envi model to seek also tours The state. the in issues conservation and Hawaii’senvironment on passengers educate to designed specifically are that trips snorkeling reef coral and tours dolphin-watching and whale-watching include Eco-Adventures organization’s The Pacific. the and Hawaii in issues conservation on outreach and research marine education, public through ecosystems and species marine of conservation and understanding appreciation, promotes PWF ships. Celebrity and America NCL Norwegian, Caribbean, Royal America, Holland including cruises, island Hawaiian aboard traveling are who passengers to Eco-Adventures its offered has (PWF) Eco-Adventures. Foundation’s Whale Pacific conservation. and passengers cruise both serves best that design excursion an with future the in again tour the offering in interested very is TNC tourists. independent and visitors local to open is however, and exists, still trail hiking The preserve. the to funds conservation anticipated the provide not did and passengers for expensive very was it structured, as because, passengers, cruise to excursion shore a as offered currently not is tour Bay. The Magens at stewardship and conservation for aside set was hiker each by paid fee the of portion A Beach. Bay Magens at ending hike guided 90-minute a during plantations sugar old about learn and animals, marine and plants lizards, birds, study to participants allow to International Caribbean Royal and operator tour local a with cooperation in developed was tour The Authority. Bay Magens the and government Islands Virgin the TNC, by managed jointly is that Islands, Virgin U.S. Thomas, St. on area protected a Preserve, Bay Magens at Hike Tropical a Discovery created - Since 1996, the non-profit Pacific Whale Foundation Foundation Whale Pacific non-profit the 1996, Since

Crewmembers from of LittleSt. inMaarten’s Bay, the area around the Bird Blinds and Interpretive Trail. © ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES LTD. CRUISES CARIBBEAN ROYAL © - - - , which had won are working together to develop possible future excursions. Two non-profitTwo groups, Environ Adventure of the Seas The bird blinds provide free, easy, clean and comfortable access to natural attractions and unique bean does not currently offer shore excursions to the bird blinds, the Nature Foundation Sint Maarten and Adventure of the Seas resources has helped to support the efforts of local stakeholders, including the Nature Foundation Sint Maarten, to prevent future development of the area and designate it as an official protected area. The site has also helped increase revenues for local tour operators who run tours to the area. Although Royal Carib wildlife just outside of an urban area. Interest in the blinds and increased appreciation of the area’s while the Nature Foundation Sint Maarten supervised construction. Entrance to the blinds is free, but local tour operators are planning to charge tourists for their tours to the site once the full development is complete. Ship of the Year. The Shipgrant of is the also Year. supporting the development of an interpretive trail, still in the planning stages, and signs at each blind that describe the importance of wetlands and identify common birds. EPIC provided interpretive content for the signs a US$25,000 environmental grant for being named Royal 2003 Caribbean’s Environmental tropical mangrove area on the island of St. Maarten, using funds from the Royal Caribbean ship, Bird Blinds in 2004. The two 10-foot-square bird-watching blinds were constructed in a the Nature Foundation Sint Maarten (EPIC’s local partner), partnered with Royal Carib bean Cruises Ltd. to create the St. Maarten tive Trail. mental Protection in the Caribbean (EPIC) and programs by the organization. The St. Maarten Bird Blinds and Interpre practices specific to Hawaii, such as appropriate speeds and methods when approaching or departing from pods of whales. All profits tours from directly PWF’s support research, conservation and education

41 SHORE OPERATORS -

and better services. require additional investments to ensure long-term sustainability ability of their products and the overall destination can be achieved with little or no additional cost, sometimes these changes may not erode the very offering product andthat threaten they’re their While future many profitability. actions that improve the sustain- ensure that increased visitation by cruise passengers over time does Shore operators have a responsibility to work closely with other stakeholders to develop sustainability mechanisms and systems to to educate those guests on sustainability issues. destination, they also have the most direct influence over the actions and impacts of cruise passengers while on shore and the opportunity ators have the most to lose if uncontrolled cruise tourism degrades a responsible for the impact (positive or negative) on the local culture and environment by cruise passengers. Thus, not only do shore oper cruise lines and their passengers. Shore operators play a unique role in the business supply chain, as the stakeholder that is directly packaging these resources into a tour or shore excursion to sell to Shore operators depend directly on the natural and cultural resources of a specific destination; they earn their livelihoods and benefit by SHORE OPERATORS

© LOS CABOS TOURISM BOARD 42 FROM SHIP TO SHORE Partnerships than 100 private landowners within eight villages. villages. eight within landowners private 100 than more by managed program conservation grassroots volunteer, completely a is River Belize the on sanctuary 18-square-mile The America. Central in populations monkey howler black viable remaining few the of one protect to Belize in 1985 in lished estab was (CBS) Sanctuary Baboon Community Belize. in Sanctuary Baboon Community Islands. Cayman the in force economic important vitally a as industry tourism the of proﬁtability and sustainability the enhancing and ensuring toward works association the services, membership and development industry events, marketing, advocacy, Through operations. sports water to addition in operations, transport and restaurants hotels, condominiums, attractions, land-based including industry, tourism the in sector each representing members, 230 than more CITAhas Today, Program. Park country’s the Marine into incorporated were use anchor on guidelines the disobeying for penalties and legislation and Environment, of Department Islands Cayman the by adopted later was it that successful so was initiative The areas. coral delicate in used be not would anchors that so sites, these at moorings boat creating and buoys with sites dive marking began association The depend. recreation frominterferingwithmarinelifeandultimatelyspoilingtheareasuponwhichtheirbusinesses sports water prevent to sought that Islands Cayman the in companies sports water private by 1980s the Association. Tourism Islands Cayman inﬂuences. outside to cultures these of vulnerability particular the of aware remain and needs and traditions their to sensitive especially be should operators shore involved, are groups indigenous where cases In excursions. shore their in elements cultural include regulations. and guidelines local of ment enforce peer for protocols develop and practices, good voluntary promote and share themselves, amongst collaboration and communication strengthen to associations local form may operators shore of Groups operations. their viability—of long-term thus sustainability—and cultural and economic environmental, the increase to stakeholders local other with collaborate and partnerships form can operators Shore Operators can also form partnerships with local communities and indigenous people, in order to to order in people, indigenous and communities local with partnerships form also can Operators The Cayman Islands Tourism Association (CITA) was formed in in formed (CITA)was Tourism Association Islands Cayman The The The - howler monkey and its habitat. its and monkey howler black the protects Sanctuary Baboon Belize’sCommunity © BEBER SILVERSTEIN GROUP SILVERSTEIN BEBER ©

© HOLLAND AMERICA LINE A Practical Guide to Good Practice: For example, good managerial The Las Esquinas Rainforest Lodge 2 , 2004. Washington: The Center for Environmental Leadership breeding project, where guests learn about this Agouti paca . Las Esquinas charges US$5 per person for the La Gamba Community Tour, Agouti paca

The baboon sanctuary is one of the more popular sites sold by shore excursion operators in Belize and

Managing Environmental Impacts in the Marine Recreation Sector in Business, The Coral Reef Alliance and Operators the Tour Initiative for Sustainable Development. Tourism 2 For more information on responsible practice for marine recreation providers, please see methods. These include managerial as well as operational practices. Shore operators are responsible for adopting and implementing responsible practices in the activities that they offer to cruise passengers, and for educating themselves on environmentally and culturally sound Good Practices Good that provide other services during Inthe 2006, tour. the fee will increase to US$10 per person, in order to distribute more money to the community artisans. hunter of the US$3 of which is donated to the community school, with the remainder distributed among smaller groups to learn the process and buy the products. Guests also visit the community hall, where local artisans display their handmade crafts; and an endangered rodent species. The guide for this tour is a native La Gamba community member and a former begins with a visit to the community school, during which visitors, school children and educators all have an opportunity to meet and interact. Additional stops along the tour include a laboratory where La Gamba women produce shampoo and soap from organically grown plants, and where guests have an opportunity Costa Rica never have the opportunity to meet local people, aside from hotel staff and tour guides. The tour allows passengers to visit a more rural area of Costa Rica, the nearby village of La Gamba. The tour Las Esquinas Rainforest Lodge’s La Gamba Community Tour. and La Gamba Community is offered Tour to Windjammer passengers from the port of Golfito, Costa Rica. Staff at Las Esquinas Lodge developed the tour based on the realization that many tourists who visit and employing tour guides and support service staff from surrounding communities. which is invested in a wide range of programs, including educational scholarships, community projects and environmental education summer programs for teenagers. In 2004, the sanctuary invested about US$9,500 in community programs. The sanctuary promotes equitable distribution of revenues by training received about 4,000 visitors, mainly stay-over visitors and students. In 2004, there were about 16,800 visitors, more than 10,000 of whom were cruise passengers. Visitors pay an entrance fee of US$5, most of human habitats. has benefited tremendously from the growth in cruise ship tourism to the country. In 2002, the sanctuary Visitors are given information on the local creole lifestyle, both past and present. Interpretive trails that wind through the forests sanctuary’s and agricultural areas provide a first-hand view of both wildlife and 44 FROM SHIP TO SHORE percent of the company’s staff come from the the from come company’s the staff of percent 70 least At operates. it which in areas natural the and communities local staff, its benefit to practices good of number a follows Belize, and Bahamas the Jamaica, in passengers cruise to excursions shore responsible environmentally several offers which Adventures, Caribbean Adventures. Caribbean Chukka needs. and customs laws, regulations, local specific about tourists educating and cultures; and environment local the on impact negative minimal ensure to procedures ating oper standard implementing areas; natural in materials building awareness and services interpretation signage, information, providing include can practices operational Sound interpretation. educational and relations customer as well as issues sustainability in staff and guides training and processes, contracting supplier into criteria social and environmental integrating activities, business day-to-day in overcome are barriers language that ensuring wages, competitive paying people, local hiring include can practices disparity in income or access to training or promotions between men and women in the company. the in women and men between promotions or training to access or income in disparity no was there that found Women of Institute National Mexican the by conducted study A employees. their of third a about up make who women, of training and hiring the emphasizes also company The percent. 30 and 10 between of increases salary received employees 2,500 than company’s the more of percent 17 2005, in turnover; employee reduce to levels, lowest the at employees earning non-tip for salaries increased recently and employees, its retain to wages competitive pays company The sites. its at nationals Mexican of hiring the emphasizes Mexico, of coast Caribbean the along parks” “theme cultural and Gr disposal. proper for garbage the collects regularly and community the in place in receptacles trash put has Chukka services, disposal garbage to access have not do residents the where Jamaica, Hill, Black In them. for so do to initiative the taken has Chukka waste, solid own their collect to resources the have not do that communities poor some In works. it which in communities local the for standard a setting operate, tours its rangers. park to them reporting and violations park for watching operate, tours its where areas protected in warden unofficial an as acts also Chukka program. certification and benchmarking tourism international an 21, Globe Green of standards the meets that training conservation and mental environ including policies, company all on staff new train to available is trainer in-house an and areas, tour its around and in communities local upo Xcaret’s human resources policies. policies. resources human Xcaret’s upo Chukka has also been recognized for cleaning up trash along the coastlines, rivers and trails where where trails and rivers coastlines, the along trash up cleaning for recognized been also has Chukka Chukka Chukka - Grupo Xcaret, a private company that operates natural natural operates that company private a Xcaret, Grupo

© CHUKKA CARIBBEAN ADVENTURES a new perspective. new a from ecosystem rainforest the experiencing of way low-impact and educational entertaining, an tourists offer tours Canopy © GRUPO XCARET GRUPO © - 45 SHORE OPERATORS - - © NCL CORPORATION Recognizing the potential nega .

A glacier hike is one of many ways cruise tourists can experi ence the unique landscape and natural beauty of Alaska. © PRINCESS CRUISES PRINCESS © - - - In addition to these standard operating proce IAATO memberIAATO companies voluntarily abide by extensive procedures and guidelines that ensure Grupo Xcaret also provides extensive training programs for employees at different levels, from basic environmental sensitivities and visitor recom mendations. to visit each type of site, based on the number of passengers each ship carries. These site- specific guidelines also include site-specific amount of space available for visitors to walk around. Only specific kinds of ships are allowed ronmental sensitivity rating ofmedium low, or high, based upon its species diversity, potential impact of tourism on flora and fauna, and the site-specific guidelines at 32 of Antarctica’s most popular sites. Each site is given an envi Antarctic experience for tour staff, and contingency and emergency medical evacuation plans. dures, members IAATO must also agree to follow include regulations and restrictions on numbers of people ashore, the number of ships in an area at a given time, locations and conditions where ships may land tourists, staff-to-passenger ratios, wildlife watching procedures, pre- and post-visit activity reporting, passenger and crew briefings, previous appropriate, safe and environmentally sound private-sector travel to the Antarctic. These guidelines International Association of Antarctica Operators Tour (IAATO) counts 75 internationally based Antarctica- bound travel companies among its members, including major international cruise lines. In the 2004-2005 season, almost 28,000 tourists visited Antarctica, nearly 23,000 of whom went ashore. tour operators conducting excursions to the continent joined together in 1991 to practice and promote the highest possible standards of travel in this remote, wild and delicate region of thethe world. Today, The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators tive environmental impacts that growing numbers of tourists to Antarctica could cause, seven private provided in special cases. The company also brings in speakers to discuss health issues, such as diet, exercise and alcoholism, with Xcaret employees. the workplace, culture and other topics. The company offers free adult education to its staff, providing classrooms, books and tutors to allow employees to finish their primary and secondary educations. English lessons are offered free to every employee, and other language classes, including German and French, are schooling to executive training, motivational seminars, and workshops on service quality, security in 46 FROM SHIP TO SHORE The Juneau Tourism Best Management Practices program. program. Practices Management Best Tourism Juneau The take into account environmental and cultural sustainability issues. sustainability cultural and environmental account into take to redesigned be might tours existing how determine to and can they as responsibly as performing are they that ensure to offerings product current their assess can operators Shore ones. existing to also but tours, new to only not applied be can practices good These once. at site a at arrive all don’t tourists the that so schedules coordinating or numbers visitor limiting sites, popular to visitation staggering as such impacts, negative minimize that practices management implement to together work can operators shore possible, not is this When areas. threatened and sensitive most the from away passengers move that excursions. shore responsible environmentally and new developing in assistance valuable offer can NGOs other and organizations Conservation elements. education cultural and environmental include and affected, be might that stakeholders other any involving responsibly, developed be should tours These passengers. cruise among excursions shore sensitive culturally and environmentally for demand growing the meet, and recognize, should operators offer, shore they that products and tours the designing When Product Design 2003. in than year that calls more 82 in resulting participation, encourage and hotline the publicize widely more to effort concerted a made program the 2004, In Conservation. and Environment of Department Alaska the to forwarded are which emissions, ship cruise about calls including not season, cruising 150-day the during annually calls 166 about of average an fielded has hotline the years, five last the Over procedures. operating their in adjustments make and respond to operators allows and concerns year. each residents from feedback solicit to convened also are forums public separate two and public, the to open are meetings regular All feedback. stakeholder to according guidelines, ating oper their amend or revise and concerns resident address to year the throughout times 10 about meet members TBMP The season. the of end the at meetings TBMP at distributed and question in company the TBMP, the through to sent, then is that form standardized a out fill to encouraged are followed being not guidelines TBMP observe that Operators members. among transparency and accountability of environment an created has that mechanism observation internal an of implementation the been has program TBMP the of part integral An community. the impact to ability the have volume, through who, and area the in work who operators tour the of percent 90 include members program The concerns.” industry and resident both addresses which manner a “in tourism of impacts negative the minimize to guidelines voluntary create to forum a as 1997 in established was Alaska, Juneau, of Borough and City the and providers tion transporta lines, cruise operators, tour Juneau of effort cooperative a program, (TBMP) Practices ment One way to limit the overall negative impact of shore excursions is to design new alternative tours tours alternative new design to is excursions shore of impact negative overall the limit to way One voice to visitors and residents for forum a offers which hotline, telephone a runs also TBMP The The Juneau Tourism Best Manage Tourism Best Juneau The © PRINCESS CRUISES PRINCESS © - - - 47 SHORE OPERATORS - - - © SEABOURN CRUISE LINE , a lagoon where manatees highlight the value and importance cenote Pacific side of Costa Rica, the company offers outrigger canoe tours of the shoreline around Puerto Quepos, including snorkeling with a naturalist guide and a naturalist-led walk in the transitional-zone forest that emphasizes education about the natural area. Guests may also take a riverboat excursion in the mangrove forests in the area, to learn about the impor tance of mangroves to the marine and dry-land ecosystems. Soberanía National Park and learn about the indigenous Emberá culture and the natural environment that has supported them. On the Seabourn Legend

3 Atlantis Adventures operates electric submarine tours in 13 destinations, including Among the shore excursions offered to cruise passengers is a tour led by naturalist guides that river-generated electricity and has an organic garden. From Fuerte Panama, Amador, guests may visit explores various ecosystems around Belize including City, a collapsed routinely gather; a tidal mangrove forest and brackish-water marsh; and the offshore barrier reefs. An additional tour in Belize visits Francis FordBlancaneaux Coppola’s Lodge, a luxury eco-resort that uses that profit from their natural resources in a sustainable manner. of natural the region’s environment, while providing guests with fun and exciting adventures. The tours have been planned in cooperation with local operators to meet standards for sustainability and educa tional content and to help provide incentives for local communities to create tourism-related businesses Seabourn shore excursions. cruises to Panama, Belize and Costa Rica aboard the environments in which they operate, Atlantis has set up moorings for a number of smaller dive operators so that they don’t drop their anchors on the reefs. water-soluble. Because divers enjoy watching the subs while they’re diving, dive operators like to work around them. Recognizing that the quality of their product is dependent upon the purity of the marine ible, and their tours focus on coral reefs and marine life, conservation, ecology, submarine operations and safety awareness. The submarines are electric and do not pollute the water; the subs also never touch down on the ocean except floor, in specially designated landing zones, and the oils used in operations are Atlantis Adventures. cruise destinations throughout the Caribbean and Hawaii. submarinesThe company’s are fully submers 48 FROM SHIP TO SHORE Contributions to Conservation and Contributions toConservation Grupo Xcaret’s parks in 2004. in Xcaret’s parks Grupo visited passengers cruise 70,000 About Cozumel. or Cancun Carmen, del Playa from excursions full-day as passengers cruise to accessible are government, the from leased are and areas protected natural state in are which Garrafón, and Xel-Há and property, private a is which Xcaret, Parque company’s the parks, of three All Mexico. of coast Caribbean the along parks theme cultural and natural develop to government Xcaret. Grupo goals. FAI’s benefit which of conservation/preservation proceeds the FAI to properties, tours of series a from select can passengers voyages, sea’sMediterranean/Italian Silver On book. the of printing and production sponsored fully Silversea US$45). (approximately EU€35 for purchase for available is and cabin passenger each in placed is organization, the of work the FAI del Libro Il FAI’s to addition, In contribute mission. can gers passen how about information and Silversea with relationship its about booklets mentary compli Italy,FAI places visiting are they not or whether ships, Silversea aboard cabins all In public. the to them opens and value natural and artistic historic, of sites restores that tion founda non-profit private, FAIa is heritage. environmental and artistic Italian promoting and preserving protecting, of mission its support to Cruises Silversea with partnered has Italiano l’Ambiente Cruises. Silversea with partnership Italy for Trust FAI—National resources. local conserve effectively more to areas protected private create even or tours their during efforts community or conservation local to contribute directly to opportunity the passengers offer also can operators Shore efforts. development community or conservation local to equipment or resources time, contribute proactively can they example, For ways. of variety a in destination a in efforts sustainability local to contribute can operators shore sustainable, are operations own their that ensuring to addition In Community Development , a coffee table book describing describing book table coffee a , Grupo Xcaret is a private company that has purchased and leased lands from the Mexican Mexican the from lands leased and purchased has that company private a is Xcaret Grupo (the National Trust for Italy) Trust Italy) for National (the 3

FAI— Fondo per per Fondo - - -

© FONDO PER L’AMBIENTE ITALIANO an option to visit in Italy. in visit to option an have guests Silversea that FAI properties the of one is heritage, Italian of centuries ﬁve representing Bozzolo, Porta Della Villa

© ROYAL CARIBBEAN INTERNATIONAL Swiss Service, Travel which operates . , creating turtle camps to protect baby turtles, (Strombus gigas) Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. is working with its local agent in Turkey,

3 . To further To promote the conservation natural of Mexico’s and cultural heritage, Grupo Xcaret founded As a private theoperator, company has a strong financial incentive to preserve and protect its shore operator activities. we However, have included them for illustrative purposes, to show how local stakeholders can contribute to the sustainability of destinations. be labeled and cruise passengers will visit the area during their excursions. a tree seedling will be planted on a one-hectare (2.5-acre) tract of land in the mountain area surrounding the House of Virgin Mary and the ruins of the ancient city of Ephesus. The local agent has reserved the land from the Ministry Turkish of Forestry and expects to plant about 30,000 trees in 2006. The forest will Tura Turizm, to Turizm, implementTura a tree planting program near the port of duringKusadasi, the Turkey, 2006 cruise season. For each Royal Caribbean and Celebrity passenger who participates in a tour in Kusadasi, to the Organization for Studies, Tropical to support environmental research by local and foreign scientists. Trees for tourists in Turkey between Corcovado National Park and Piedras Blancas National Park. In 2005, Swiss Service Travel received The Platinum Category award from the Foundation for its support. The company also contributes parks system through donations to the Neotropica Foundation. contributionsThe company’s support scientific and community-based projects near Parque Nacional Rio Piedras, a conservation initiative in the Osa Peninsula, reforestation in the Tortuguero region, and efforts to establish a biological corridor Swiss Travel Service and sustainable tourism in Costa Rica tours for Windstar Cruises in Costa Rica, supports the sustainable development of national Costa Rica’s 3 While these three examples show how the industry has partnered with local organizations, they are technically not examples of and supporting the creation of green spaces in the urban centers of northern and central Quintana Roo through the “Parks Make Parks” program. gift shop sales to the organization. In 2004, the company gave nearly US$350,000 of unrestricted funds to Flora, Fauna y Cultura, totaling about 74 percent of the organization’s budget. The NGO has three main projects: protecting the pink snail and financially supports Flora, Fauna y Cultura de Mexico, A.C., a non-profit NGO. The company donates 1 Mexican peso (about US$0.09) from every parkentrance visitor’s fee and a small percentage of certain land are set aside as conservation areas, including 5795 ofhectares, Xcaret’s 7783 ofhectares, Xel-Há’s and 3.15 4.5of Garrafón’s hectares. to the local economy. A portion of the reef near Garrafón is protected and diving is prohibited, although visitors may snorkel around the line that protects the reef. In addition, large portions of Grupo Xcaret’s environmentally deteriorating, due to lack of resources for maintenance. Since the company began paying monthly rent to operate its park on the land and have access to the neighboring reef, it however, has cleaned up and maintained the area and significantly increased visitation and financial contributions natural assets. Before Grupo Xcaret leased Xel-Há from the municipal government, it was poorly run and

51 CONCLUSION - -

ensure the long-term maintenance, protection and preservation of the natural and cultural resources of cruise destinations. policies and practices, these stakeholder groups can increase the opportunities for positive impacts from cruise tourism and help of local populations wherever cruise ships dock. workingBy together more effectively to promote sustainable destination management of tourism products offered and improving the standard of living tors, each stakeholder group has an important role to play in ensur ing the long-term health of natural ecosystems, increasing the quality and social impacts and maximize local benefits in cruise destinations. cruiseFrom lines and governments to civil society and shore opera stakeholders is increasingly vital to minimize negative environmental As cruise tourism continues to grow and expand to some of the most unique and fragile areas on Earth, cooperation among all CONCLUSION

© CARNIVAL CRUISE LINES 52 FROM SHIP TO SHORE www.disneycruise.disney.go.com Disney CruiseLine www.cunard.com Cunard Line www.crystalcruises.com Crystal Cruises www.costacruises.com Costa Cruises www.celebrity.com Celebrity Cruises www.carnival.com Carnival CruiseLines Lines Cruise Resources forFurther Information www.silversea.com Silversea Cruises environment/oceanFund.do www.royalcaribbean.com/ourCompany/ Royal CaribbeanOceanFund www.royalcaribbean.com Royal CaribbeanInternational www.rssc.com of theEnvironmentProgram Radisson’s Ambassadors www.rssc.com Radisson SevenSeasCruises youthandteens/edutainment.html www.princess.com/onboard/activities/ Programs Princess Kids’Edutainment www.princess.com Princess Cruises www.ncl.com/ncla NCL America www.ncl.com Norwegian CruiseLine www.nwcruiseship.org (NWCA) North WestCruiseShipAssociation www.iccl.org Cruise Lines International Councilof www.hollandamerica.com Holland AmericaLine www.f-cca.com Association (FCCA) Florida-Caribbean Cruise environmentality/dwcf www.disney.go.com/disneyhand/ Disney WildlifeConservationFund

www.windstarcruises.com Windstar Cruises www.seabourn.com Seabourn CruiseLine www.pacificwhale.org Pacific WhaleFoundation (PWF) www.naturefoundationsxm.org (St. MaartenBirdBlinds) Nature FoundationSintMaarten www.NMSFocean.org Foundation National MarineSanctuary www.mdiwqc.org Quality Coalition Mount DesertIslandWater caribbean/easterncaribbean/ http://www.nature.org/wherewework/ Discovery Hike Magens BayTropical www.epicislands.org (St. MaartenBirdBlinds) in theCaribbean Environmental Protection www.ecotourism.org.au. (Eco CertificationProgram) Ecotourism Australia www.celb.org Conservation International Leadership inBusinessat The CenterforEnvironmental www.conservation.org Conservation International www.alaskanha.org/ Alaska NaturalHistoryAssociation www.acdivoca.org ACDI/VOCA Society Civil www.nps.gov/viis/ U.S. VirginIslandsNationalPark www.stluciaheritage.com Programme St. LuciaHeritageTourism press/2005/07_23_2005_63.shtml www.portseattle.org/news/ Port ofSeattleShorePowerPlan www.pactbelize.org PACT Belize aspx?sm=k_a Maritime%20Activities/index. www.es.govt.nz/Departments/ New ZealandDeedofAgreement www.gbrmpa.gov.au Authority (GBRMPA) Great BarrierReefMarinePark Governments

Privacy-po/ http://www.fondoambiente.it/english/ Fondo perl’AmbienteItaliano(FAI) www.howlermonkeys.org Community BaboonSanctuary www.chukkacaribbean.com Chukka CaribbeanAdventures www.cita.ky Association (CITA) Cayman IslandsTourism www.atlantissubmarines.com Atlantis Adventures Operators Shore www.wwf.org WWF International www.nature.org The NatureConservancy www.reefcheck.org Reef Check www.reefball.com Reef BallFoundation Marine_Guide.pdf www.celb.org/xp/CELB/downloads/ Sector: Recreation Marine the in Impacts Environmental Managing Practice: Good to Guide Practical A Cruise_Interim_Summary.pdf www.celb.org/xp/CELB/downloads/ Responses: Industry Cruise & lenges Chal Tide—Environmental Shifting A programs/travel-leisure) (www.celb.org/xp/CELB/ Business in Leadership Environmental for Center The of publications following the see sector, please recreation marine the in practice good and operation ship cruise sustainable on information more For www.swisstravelcr.com Swiss Travel Service html http://www.esquinaslodge.com/home. La GambaCommunityTour Las EsquinasRainforestLodge/ www.juneau.org/tourism2/bmp.php Practices (TBMP) Juneau Tourism BestManagement www.iaato.org Antarctica Tour Operators(IAATO) International Associationof www.grupoxcaret.com Grupo Xcaret

Conservation International greatly appreciates the support of ICCL member companies in the development of this publication. About The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business

The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business provides a forum for collaboration between the private sector and the environmental community. Created in a partnership between Conservation International (CI) and Ford Motor Company, the Center operates as a division of CI and is governed by a distinct executive board of leaders from the business and environmental communities. The Center engages the private sector worldwide in creating solutions to critical global environmental problems in which industry plays a deﬁning role. The Center’s Travel & Leisure program works with leading tourism companies to integrate conservation principles into their day-to-day operations and to inﬂuence the planning and management of key tourist destinations.

The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business Conservation International 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 USA

Tel: +1-202-912-1000 Fax: +1-202-912-1047 Email: [email protected]

www.celb.org

About the Ocean Conservation and Tourism Alliance

In December 2003, The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB) and the International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL) joined together to launch the Ocean Conservation and Tourism Alliance (OCTA). The alliance is dedicated to protecting biodiversity in top cruise destinations and promoting industry practices that minimize the cruise industry’s negative environmental impact and maximize the opportunities for beneﬁts to conservation and community development from cruise tourism.

OCTA concentrates its efforts on four priority areas:

• Establishing Destination Partnerships. Working with local governments and communities to maintain high-quality travel experiences by protecting the natural and cultural assets of cruise destinations;

• Promoting Environmental Education. Raising guest and crew awareness of and support for critical conservation issues;

• Promoting Vendor Environmental Education. Lessening the environmental impacts of suppliers; and

• Best Practices for Wastewater Management. Improved management systems and technologies for minimizing the environmental impacts of cruise ship wastewater discharges.