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1 Appendix Supplemental Table 1. Number of Practices with Available

1 Appendix Supplemental Table 1. Number of Practices with Available

Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Appendix

Supplemental Table 1. Number of practices with available mid-year population counts, number merged and withdrawn and total mid-year population for males and females over contributing age groups by year.

Total mid-year population Year Number of practices Merged Withdrawn Age (years) Males Females 1994 1 0 0 0 - - 1995 4 0 0 1 - - 1996 52 0 0 2 - - 1997 106 0 0 3 - - 1998 142 0 0 4 6,925 6,217 1999 188 0 0 4-5 17,838 15,945 2000 290 0 0 4-6 39,923 35,651 2001 378 0 0 4-7 68,098 61,248 2002 476 0 0 4-8 102,935 93,937 2003 506 0 3 4-9 129,166 118,647 2004 557 0 2 4-10 165,830 152,828 2005 581 0 1 4-11 196,520 181,979 2006 604 0 4 4-12 226,112 209,949 2007 637 0 5 4-13 261,446 243,529 2008 670 0 9 4-15 304,844 284,282 2009 679 0 17 4-16 339,420 316,944 2010 667 0 14 4-16 361,040 337,664 2011 686 0 14 4-16 376,362 354,506 2012 683 0 20 4-16 381,853 361,561 2013 659 4 40 4-16 375,728 356,370 2014 614 1 65 4-16 355,075 338,450 2015 526 3 91 4-16 309,121 295,669 2016 454 3 49 4-16 263,366 251,912 2017 398 8 29 5-16 214,721 205,978 Overall 774 19 363 4-16 4,496,323 4,223,266

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Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Supplemental Table 2: Read Codes for comorbidities

Type Read Codes Description 13Z4C00 Behavioural problems at school 13Z4E00 Learning difficulties 13Z5.00 Literacy problems 13ZK.00 Child with special educational needs 13ZK000 Has statement of special educational needs 13ZK100 Statement of special educational needs stopped Eu81.00 [X]Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills Eu81000 [X]Specific reading disorder Eu81011 [X]Backward reading Eu81012 [X]Developmental dyslexia Eu81013 [X]Specific reading retardation Eu81100 [X]Specific spelling disorder Eu81111 [X]Specific spelling retardation without reading disorder Eu81200 [X]Specific disorder of arithmetical skills School Problems Eu81211 [X]Developmental acalculia Eu81213 [X]Developmental Gerstmann's syndrome Eu81300 [X]Mixed disorder of scholastic skills Eu81400 [X]Moderate learning disability Eu81500 [X]Severe learning disability Eu81600 [X]Mild learning disability Eu81700 [X]Profound learning disability Eu81800 [X]Specific learning disability Eu81y00 [X]Other developmental disorders of scholastic skills Eu81y11 [X]Developmental expressive writing disorder Eu81z00 [X]Developmental disorder of scholastic skills, unspecified Eu81z11 [X]Learning disability NOS Eu81z12 [X]Learning disorder NOS Eu81z13 [X]Learn acquisition disab NOS 14g..00 History of developmental disorder E2F5.00 Mixed development disorder E2F5.11 Global delay Developmental (unspecified) E2Fz.00 Developmental disorder NOS Eu...00 [X]Mental and behavioural disorders Eu85.00 [X]Global developmental delay

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Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Type Read Codes Description 1J9..00 Suspected autism Eu84.00 [X]Pervasive developmental disorders Eu84000 [X]Childhood autism Eu84011 [X]Autistic disorder Eu84012 [X]Infantile autism Eu84013 [X]Infantile psychosis Eu84014 [X]Kanner's syndrome Eu84100 [X]Atypical autism Eu84111 [X]Atypical childhood psychosis Eu84112 [X]Mental retardation with autistic features Eu84200 [X]Rett's syndrome Eu84300 [X]Other childhood disintegrative disorder Pervasive developmental Eu84311 [X]Dementia infantalis Eu84312 [X]Disintegrative psychosis Eu84313 [X]Heller's syndrome Eu84314 [X]Symbiotic psychosis Eu84400 [X]Overactive disorder assoc mental retard/stereotype movts Eu84500 [X]Asperger's syndrome Eu84511 [X]Autistic psychopathy Eu84512 [X]Schizoid disorder of childhood Eu84600 Pathological demand avoidance Eu84y00 [X]Other pervasive developmental disorders Eu84z00 [X]Pervasive developmental disorder, unspecified Eu84z11 [X]Autistic spectrum disorder Eu80.00 [X]Specific developmental disorders of speech and language Eu80000 [X]Specific speech articulation disorder Eu80011 [X]Developmental phonological disorder Eu80012 [X]Developmental speech articulation disorder Eu80013 [X]Dyslalia Eu80014 [X]Functional speech articulation disorder Eu80100 [X]Expressive language disorder Eu80111 [X]Developmental dysphasia, expressive type Eu80112 [X]Developmental aphasia, expressive type Eu80200 [X]Receptive language disorder Eu80211 [X]Congenital auditory imperception Speech and language Eu80212 [X]Developmental dysphasia, receptive type Eu80213 [X]Developmental Wernicke's aphasia Eu80214 [X]Word deafness Eu80215 [X]Developmental aphasia, receptive type Eu80300 [X]Acquired aphasia with epilepsy [Landau - Kleffner] Eu80400 [X]Cocktail party syndrome Eu80500 [X]Semantic-pragmatic disorder Eu80600 [X]Auditory processing disorder Eu80B00 [X]Speech disorder Eu80y00 [X]Other developmental disorders of speech and language Eu80y11 [X]Lisping Eu80z00 [X]Developmental disorder of speech and language unspecified

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Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Type Read Codes Description Eu9..00 [X]Behavioural/emotional disords onset childhood/adolescence Eu91.00 [X]Conduct disorders Eu91000 [X]Conduct disorder confined to the family context Eu91100 [X]Unsocialized conduct disorder Eu91111 [X]Conduct disorder, solitary aggressive type Eu91112 [X]Unsocialised aggressive disorder Eu91200 [X]Socialized conduct disorder Eu91213 [X]Offences in the context of gang membership Eu91214 [X]Stealing in company of others Eu91215 [X]Truancy from school Eu91300 [X]Oppositional defiant disorder Eu91y00 [X]Other conduct disorders Eu91z00 [X]Conduct disorder, unspecified Eu91z11 [X]Childhood behavioural disorder NOS Eu91z12 [X]Childhood conduct disorder NOS Eu94.00 [X]Disorder social funct onset specific childhood/adolesc Eu94000 [X]Elective mutism Behavioural/emotional/social functioning/mental health Eu94011 [X]Selective mutism Eu94100 [X]Reactive attachment disorder of childhood Eu94200 [X]Disinhibited attachment disorder of childhood Eu94211 [X]Affectionless psychopathy Eu94212 [X]Institutional syndrome Eu94y00 [X]Other childhood disorders of social functioning Eu94z00 [X]Childhood disorder of social functioning, unspecified Eu9y.00 [X]Oth behav emotion disorder onset usual occur childhd/adol Eu9y000 [X]Nonorganic enuresis Eu9y100 [X]Nonorganic encopresis Eu9y200 [X]Feeding disorder of infancy and childhood Eu9y300 [X]Pica of infancy and childhood Eu9y400 [X]Stereotyped movement disorders Eu9y500 [X]Stuttering [stammering] Eu9y600 [X]Cluttering Eu9y700 [X]Attention deficit disorder Eu9yy00 [X]Ot spc behav emotion disorder onst usual childhood adoles Eu9yz00 [X]Unspec behav emotion disorder onst usual childhood adoles Eu82.00 [X]Specific developmental disorder of motor function Eu82.11 [X]Clumsy child syndrome Eu82.12 [X]Developmental co - ordination disorder Eu82.13 [X]Developmental dyspraxia Eu90.00 [X]Hyperkinetic disorders Motor function/hyperkinetic/ Eu90000 [X]Disturbance of activity and attention Tic Eu90011 [X]Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Eu90100 [X]Hyperkinetic conduct disorder Eu90111 [X]Hyperkinetic disorder associated with conduct disorder Eu90200 [X]Deficits in attention, motor control and perception Eu90y00 [X]Other hyperkinetic disorders Eu90z00 [X]Hyperkinetic disorder, unspecified

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Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Type Read Codes Description Eu90z12 [X]Hyperkinetic syndrome NOS Eu95.00 [X]Tic disorders Eu95000 [X]Transient tic disorder Eu95100 [X]Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder Eu95200 [X]Comb vocal multiple motor tic disorder - de la Tourette Eu95300 [X]Involuntary excessive blinking Eu95y00 [X]Other tic disorders Eu95z00 [X]Tic disorder, unspecified

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Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Supplemental Table 3: Codes for AEDs

Drug Name Generic Drug Code 96988996 ACETAZOLAMIDE 94914992 ACETAZOLAMIDE 86429998 ACETAZOLAMIDE 85486998 ACETAZOLAMIDE mr cap 250mg 97782998 ACETAZOLAMIDE mr cap 250mg 89008998 Acetazolamide mr cap 250mg 30 capsule(s) 96987997 ACETAZOLAMIDE mr cap 500mg 99762998 Acetazolamide mr cap 500mg 30 capsule(s) 96987998 Acetazolamide oral liq 85786998 ACETAZOLAMIDE oral susp 250mg/5ml 93224990 ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETAZOLAMIDE pwdr 96985998 Acetazolamide pwdr 1 25g bottle 96988997 ACETAZOLAMIDE SODIUM inj 500mg 98328997 ACETAZOLAMIDE SODIUM inj 500mg 91643998 Acetazolamide sodium inj 500mg 1 500mg vial(s) 96986998 ACETAZOLAMIDE syrp 40mg/ml 97185990 ACETAZOLAMIDE tabs 250mg 98928998 ACETAZOLAMIDE tabs 250mg 98328998 ACETAZOLAMIDE tabs 250mg 94772990 ACETAZOLAMIDE tabs 250mg 93709990 Acetazolamide tabs 250mg 112 tablet(s) 96988998 BECLAMIDE tabs 500mg 99332998 BECLAMIDE Beclamide tabs 500mg 1 tablet(s) 96914998 84311998 CARBAMAZEPINE 100mg/5mL sf liq 96479992 CARBAMAZEPINE chewable tab 100mg 93531998 Carbamazepine chewable tab 100mg 56 tablet(s) 93530998 CARBAMAZEPINE chewable tab 200mg 93531997 Carbamazepine chewable tab 200mg 56 tablet(s) 93530997 CARBAMAZEPINE liq 100mg/5ml 98360998 Carbamazepine liq 100mg/5ml 300 mls 96885998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 97128990 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 97086998 CARBAMAZEPINE CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 96536990 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 96446990 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 96128990 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 93532998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 92283998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 92131998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 89384998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 200mg 88217998 Carbamazepine mr tab 200mg 30 tablet(s) 93579998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 97128989

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Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Drug Name Generic Drug Code CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 96536989 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 96446989 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 96127990 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 93532997 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 92378998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 92282998 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 92131997 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 89384997 CARBAMAZEPINE mr tab 400mg 88217997 Carbamazepine mr tab 400mg 30 tablet(s) 93579997 Carbamazepine oral liq 85159998 CARBAMAZEPINE oral susp 500mg/5ml 92973990 CARBAMAZEPINE supp 125mg 92735998 Carbamazepine supp 125mg 5 suppository(ies) 92734998 CARBAMAZEPINE supp 250mg 92735997 Carbamazepine supp 250mg 5 suppository(ies) 92734997 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 99752990 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 99751990 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 98361998 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 98338990 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 97779990 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 96916990 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 96697989 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 100mg 92837998 Carbamazepine tabs 100mg 56 tablet(s) 97033998 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 99752989 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 99751989 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 98361997 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 98338989 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 97779989 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 96916989 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 96697988 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 200mg 92837997 Carbamazepine tabs 200mg 56 tablet(s) 97033997 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 99752988 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 99751988 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 98361996 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 98338988 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 97779988 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 96916988 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 96697990 CARBAMAZEPINE tabs 400mg 92837996 Carbamazepine tabs 400mg tablet(s) 28 97033996 97161992 CLOBAZAM 97160992 CLOBAZAM CLOBAZAM 97159992 CLOBAZAM 97158992 CLOBAZAM 96160992 7

Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Drug Name Generic Drug Code CLOBAZAM 86457998 CLOBAZAM 86161998 CLOBAZAM caps 10mg 99622998 Clobazam caps 10mg 30 capsule(s) 96648998 Clobazam caps capsule(s) 1 85423998 Clobazam oral liq 85424998 CLOBAZAM oral soln 25mg/5ml 82713998 CLOBAZAM oral susp 10mg/5ml 93727990 CLOBAZAM oral susp 25mg/5ml 82714998 CLOBAZAM tabs 10mg 99622997 CLOBAZAM tabs 10mg 93529990 Clobazam tabs 10mg 30 tablet(s) 96648997 88423998 CLONAZEPAM 85559998 CLONAZEPAM conc soln inj 1mg/1ml 98517998 Clonazepam conc soln inj 1mg/1ml 5 ampoule + wfi 96634996 CLONAZEPAM oral drops 2.5mg/ml 88422998 Clonazepam oral liq 85633998 CLONAZEPAM sf oral soln 2mg/5ml 96571990 Clonazepam sf oral soln 2mg/5ml 150 mls 88423996 CLONAZEPAM sf soln 500micrograms/5ml 93913990 CLONAZEPAM Clonazepam sf soln 500micrograms/5ml mls 150 86604998 Clonazepam susp 500micrograms/5ml 150 mls 88423997 CLONAZEPAM tabs 2mg 92356990 CLONAZEPAM tabs 2mg 99176997 CLONAZEPAM tabs 2mg 92797990 Clonazepam tabs 2mg 100 tablet(s) 96634997 CLONAZEPAM tabs 500 micrograms 92357990 CLONAZEPAM tabs 500 micrograms 99176998 CLONAZEPAM tabs 500 micrograms 92796990 Clonazepam tabs 500 micrograms 100 tablet(s) 96634998 DIAZEPAM caps 10mg 98991998 tabs 800mg 82574998 ESLICARBAZEPINE ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE tabs 800mg 82576998 97402992 ETHOSUXIMIDE 95750992 ETHOSUXIMIDE caps 250mg 99697998 ETHOSUXIMIDE caps 250mg 98949998 ETHOSUXIMIDE caps 250mg 93114990 ETHOSUXIMIDE ETHOSUXIMIDE caps 250mg 86109998 Ethosuximide caps 250mg 56 capsule(s) 96767998 ETHOSUXIMIDE syrp 250mg/5ml 99697997 ETHOSUXIMIDE syrp 250mg/5ml 98949997 ETHOSUXIMIDE syrp 250mg/5ml 85954998 Ethosuximide syrp 250mg/5ml 200 mls 96767997 97401992 ETHOTOIN ETHOTOIN 94272992 8

Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Drug Name Generic Drug Code FLUNITRAZEPAM FLUNITRAZEPAM tabs 1mg 99170998 SODIUM conc for inj 750mg/10ml 92064998 FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM Fosphenytoin sodium conc for inj 75mg/ml 10 10ml vial(s) 89991998 86485998 GABAPENTIN 86362998 GABAPENTIN caps & tabs 300mg + 600mg 90424998 Gabapentin caps & tabs 300mg + 600mg 1 titration pack (40 x 300mg caps + 10 x 600mg tabs) 90425998 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 95190990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 95161990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 94834998 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 94167990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 94123990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 93812990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 93051990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 92969990 GABAPENTIN caps 100mg 92872990 Gabapentin caps 100mg 100 capsule(s) 94835998 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 95189990 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 95159990 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 94834997 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 94166990 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 94122990 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 94116990 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 93811990 GABAPENTIN GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 92968990 GABAPENTIN caps 300mg 92871990 Gabapentin caps 300mg 100 capsule(s) 94835997 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 95188990 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 95158990 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 94834996 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 94165990 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 94121990 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 93810990 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 93050990 GABAPENTIN caps 400mg 92870990 Gabapentin caps 400mg 100 capsule(s) 94835996 Gabapentin oral liq 85753998 GABAPENTIN oral soln 250mg/5ml 93743990 GABAPENTIN tabs 600mg 92463990 GABAPENTIN tabs 600mg 92503990 GABAPENTIN tabs 600mg 95187990 GABAPENTIN tabs 600mg 95157990 GABAPENTIN tabs 600mg 90426998 Gabapentin tabs 600mg 100 tablet(s) 98989998 GABAPENTIN tabs 800mg 92462990 GABAPENTIN tabs 800mg 92502990 9

Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Drug Name Generic Drug Code GABAPENTIN tabs 800mg 95186990 GABAPENTIN tabs 800mg 95156990 GABAPENTIN tabs 800mg 90426997 Gabapentin tabs 800mg 100 tablet(s) 98989997 soln for inf 200mg/20ml 83517998 Lacosamide soln for inf 200mg/20ml vial(s) 1 83518998 LACOSAMIDE syrp 15mg/ml 83515998 Lacosamide syrp 15mg/ml mls 200 83516998 LACOSAMIDE tabs 100mg 83513998 Lacosamide tabs 100mg tablet(s) 56 83514998 LACOSAMIDE LACOSAMIDE tabs 150mg 83511998 Lacosamide tabs 150mg tablet(s) 56 83512998 LACOSAMIDE tabs 200mg 83509998 Lacosamide tabs 200mg tablet(s) 56 83510998 LACOSAMIDE tabs 50mg 83507998 Lacosamide tabs 50mg tablet(s) 14 83508998 (ipu) disp tab 200mg 85379998 LAMOTRIGINE 50mg tablets 93460992 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 94100990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 94087990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 94043990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 94008990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93933990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93876990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93772990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93687990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93501990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93062990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 93047990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 92807990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 100mg 92709996 Lamotrigine disp tab 100mg 56 tablet(s) 92700996 Lamotrigine LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 94101990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 94088990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 94044990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 94009990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93934990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93877990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93771990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93688990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93511990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93063990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 93048990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 92806990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 25mg 92709997 Lamotrigine disp tab 25mg 56 tablet(s) 92700997 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 2mg 93770990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 2mg 91596997 10

Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Drug Name Generic Drug Code Lamotrigine disp tab 2mg 30 tablet(s) 91465997 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 50mg 93500990 Lamotrigine disp tab 50mg tablet(s) 56 86019998 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 94089990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 94045990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93935990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93878990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93769990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93527990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93512990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93064990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 93049990 LAMOTRIGINE disp tab 5mg 92709998 Lamotrigine disp tab 5mg 28 tablet(s) 92700998 Lamotrigine oral liq 84903998 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 95404997 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94118990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94103990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94097990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94091990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94084990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94064990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94047990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 94011990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 93971990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 93937990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 93880990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 93807990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 93594990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 100mg 93491990 Lamotrigine tabs 100mg 56 tablet(s) 95444997 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94117990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94102990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94096990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94090990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94083990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94063990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94046990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 94010990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 93970990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 93936990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 93879990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 93806990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 93593990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 93490990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 200mg 91596998 Lamotrigine tabs 200mg 30 tablet(s) 91465998 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 95404996 11

Stephen J, et al. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:569–574. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318212 Supplementary material Arch Dis Child

Drug Name Generic Drug Code LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94120990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94105990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94099990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94093990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94086990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94066990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94049990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 94013990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 93973990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 93939990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 93882990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 93809990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 93596990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 25mg 93493990 Lamotrigine tabs 25mg 42 tablet(s) 95444996 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 95404998 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94119990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94104990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94098990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94092990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94085990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94065990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94048990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 94012990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 93972990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 93938990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 93881990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 93808990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 93595990 LAMOTRIGINE tabs 50mg 93492990

Lamotrigine tabs 50mg 42 tablets (add-on starter pack) 95444998 conc soln inf 500mg/5ml 85968998 Levetiracetam conc soln inf 500mg/5ml 10 vial(s) 85969998 Levetiracetam oral liq mls 1 84953998 LEVETIRACETAM oral soln 100mg/ml 87193998 Levetiracetam oral soln 100mg/ml 300 mls 87195998 LEVETIRACETAM tabs 1000mg 92375996 LEVETIRACETAM Levetiracetam tabs 1000mg 60 tablet(s) 89210996 LEVETIRACETAM tabs 250mg 92375998 Levetiracetam tabs 250mg 60 tablet(s) 89210998 LEVETIRACETAM tabs 500mg 92375997 Levetiracetam tabs 500mg 60 tablet(s) 89210997 LEVETIRACETAM tabs 750mg 87194998 Levetiracetam tabs 750mg 60 tablet(s) 87196998 MEPENZOLATE MEPENZOLATE + tabs 95899998 BROMIDE Mepenzolate bromide product 94428992

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code METHSUXIMIDE 97736992 METHSUXIMIDE METHSUXIMIDE 96817992 tabs 200mg 98461996 Methylphenobarbital tabs 200mg 100 tablet(s) 95852996 METHYLPHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 98461998 METHYLPHENOBARBITAL Methylphenobarbital tabs 30mg 100 tablet(s) 95852998 METHYLPHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 98461997 Methylphenobarbital tabs 60mg 100 tablet(s) 95852997 5mg tablets 95330992 NITRAZEPAM caps 5mg 97268998 NITRAZEPAM caps 5mg 97205998 Nitrazepam caps 5mg 500 capsule(s) 95721998 Nitrazepam oral liq 84200998 NITRAZEPAM susp 2.5mg/5ml 99125998 Nitrazepam susp 2.5mg/5ml 150 mls 95720997 NITRAZEPAM susp 5mg/5ml 98088990 Nitrazepam susp 5mg/5ml 500 mls 95720996 NITRAZEPAM tabs 10mg 99142989 NITRAZEPAM tabs 10mg 95718998 Nitrazepam tabs 10mg 500 tablet(s) 95720998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99720990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99719990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99718990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99717990 NITRAZEPAM NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99404998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99354998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 99142990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 98675990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 98470990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 97208998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 97207998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 97206998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 96932990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 96107990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 95995990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 95925990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 95719998 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 95598990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 93894990 NITRAZEPAM tabs 5mg 87289998 Nitrazepam tabs 5mg 28 tablet(s) 97227998 oral liq mls 1 83946998 OXCARBAZEPINE sf oral susp 60mg/ml 91218998 Oxcarbazepine sf oral susp 60mg/ml 250 mls 91839998 OXCARBAZEPINE OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 150mg 92389990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 150mg 98730998 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 150mg 93013990 13

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 150mg 92805990 Oxcarbazepine tabs 150mg 50 tablet(s) 91625998 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 300mg 92388990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 300mg 93012990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 300mg 92804990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 300mg 91626998 Oxcarbazepine tabs 300mg 50 tablet(s) 91625997 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 600mg 92387990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 600mg 93011990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 600mg 92803990 OXCARBAZEPINE tabs 600mg 89231998 Oxcarbazepine tabs 600mg 50 tablet(s) 91625996 PARAMETHADOINE 97867992 PARAMETHADOINE PARAMETHADOINE 95387992 PHENOBARBITAL 98087997 PHENOBARBITAL 87191998 PHENOBARBITAL 87030998 PHENOBARBITAL + BELLADONNA ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE & MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE tabs 94377998 Phenobarbital caps 84194998 PHENOBARBITAL elixir 15mg/5ml 99457990 PHENOBARBITAL elixir 15mg/5ml 98688990 Phenobarbital elixir 15mg/5ml 2 litre(s) 98087998 PHENOBARBITAL inj 15mg 98434989 Phenobarbital inj 15mg 1ml ampoule(s) 10 93454998 PHENOBARBITAL inj 30mg 98434988 Phenobarbital inj 30mg 1ml ampoule(s) 10 93454997 PHENOBARBITAL inj 60mg/ml 98434990 Phenobarbital inj 60mg/ml 1ml ampoule(s) 10 93454996 Phenobarbital oral liq 85235998 PHENOBARBITAL oral soln 20mg/5ml 83073998 PHENOBARBITAL PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM 98739990 PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM 87522998 PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM inj 200mg/ml 98111990 PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM inj 200mg/ml 95553998

Phenobarbital sodium inj 200mg/ml 10 1ml ampoule(s) 95554998 Phenobarbital sodium oral liq mls 1 83895998 PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM pwdr 98764990 Phenobarbital sodium tabs 30mg 100 tablet(s) 97080998 Phenobarbital sodium tabs 60mg 500 tablet(s) 97080997 Phenobarbital tabs 84193998 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 100mg 99432990 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 100mg 99110990 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 100mg 96866990 Phenobarbital tabs 100mg 250 tablet(s) 97202998 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 15mg 99458990 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 15mg 99124990 14

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code PHENOBARBITAL tabs 15mg 98476996 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 15mg 98112988 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 15mg 98049990 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 15mg 97103990 Phenobarbital tabs 15mg 500 tablet(s) 97203998 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 99459989 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 99458989 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 99124989 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 98476998 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 98112989 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 30mg 98049989 Phenobarbital tabs 30mg 500 tablet(s) 97203997 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 99459990 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 99458988 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 99124988 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 98476997 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 98112990 PHENOBARBITAL tabs 60mg 98049988 Phenobarbital tabs 60mg 500 tablet(s) 97203996 PHENOBARBITONE 97511992 PHENOBARBITONE 95421992 PHENOBARBITONE 95420992 PHENOBARBITONE 95419992 PHENOBARBITONE 95418992 PHENOBARBITONE 95417992 PHENOBARBITONE 95411992 PHENOBARBITONE 95409992 PHENOBARBITONE 94520992 PHENOBARBITONE 94285992 PHENOBARBITONE 94284992 PHENOBARBITONE 94283992 PHENOBARBITONE 94279992 PHENOBARBITONE 93768992 PHENOBARBITONE 93404992 PHENOBARBITONE & 97884992 Phenobarbitone 15 mg cap 0 94282992 Phenobarbitone 30 mg cap 0 94521992 PHENOBARBITONE S/R 95410992 PHENOBARBITONE S/R 94278992 PHENOBARBITONE SODIUM 94281992 Phenobarbitone sodium 100 mg tab 0 93720992 Phenobarbitone sodium 15 mg tab 0 95415992 PHENOBARBITONE SODIUM ALCOHOL FREE 93037992 PHENOBARBITONE/PHENYTOIN 50/100MG 97883992 PHENOBARBITONE/PHENYTOIN 60/100MG 96386992

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code PHENYTOIN 97897992 PHENYTOIN 94525992 PHENYTOIN 94288992 PHENYTOIN + PHENOBARBITAL caps 100mg + 50mg 99694998 Phenytoin caps 100mg capsule(s) 84 95532998 Phenytoin caps 25mg capsule(s) 28 95533997 Phenytoin caps 300mg capsule(s) 28 95532996 Phenytoin caps 50mg capsule(s) 28 95533996 Phenytoin oral liq 85557998 PHENYTOIN paed tab 50mg 97514997 Phenytoin paed tab 50mg 112 tablet(s) 95533998 PHENYTOIN sf susp 90mg/5ml 98075990 Phenytoin sf susp 90mg/5ml 500 mls 92812998 PHENYTOIN SODIUM caps 100mg 99454989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM caps 100mg 99453989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM caps 100mg 98315996 Phenytoin sodium caps 100mg 84 capsule(s) 90780996 PHENYTOIN SODIUM caps 25mg 98315998 Phenytoin sodium caps 25mg 28 capsule(s) 90780998 PHENYTOIN SODIUM caps 300mg 97514998 Phenytoin sodium caps 300mg 28 capsule(s) 90776998 PHENYTOIN SODIUM caps 50mg 98315997 Phenytoin sodium caps 50mg 28 capsule(s) 90780997 PHENYTOIN SODIUM inj 250mg/5ml 99692998 PHENYTOIN PHENYTOIN SODIUM inj 250mg/5ml 98431990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM inj 250mg/5ml 96740990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM inj 250mg/5ml 92701990 Phenytoin sodium inj 250mg/5ml 5 ampoule(s) 95531998 Phenytoin sodium oral liq mls 1 83896998 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 99455989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 99453990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 99122989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 99121989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 98430990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 98110990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 97736997 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 97140989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 96978990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 100mg 92614990 Phenytoin sodium tabs 100mg tablet(s) 100 98090997 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 99455990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 99454990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 99122990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 99121990 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 98430989 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 97736998 PHENYTOIN SODIUM tabs 50mg 97140990 Phenytoin sodium tabs 50mg 28 tablet(s) 98090998 16

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code PHENYTOIN SODIUM/ PHENOBARBITONE 97896992 PHENYTOIN SODIUM/ PHENOBARBITONE 94455992 PHENYTOIN SODIUM/ PHENOBARBITONE SODIUM 95838992 PHENYTOIN susp 30mg/5ml 98658998 Phenytoin susp 30mg/5ml 500 mls 95532997 PHENYTOIN+ PHENOBARBITAL 90904998 PIRACETAM 96850992 PIRACETAM 96096992 PIRACETAM FC tab 1200mg 93059997 Piracetam fc tab 1200mg 60 tablet(s) 93058997 PIRACETAM PIRACETAM FC tab 800mg 93059998 Piracetam fc tab 800mg 90 tablet(s) 93058998 PIRACETAM soln 33% 93059996 Piracetam soln 33% 300 mls 93058996 caps 100mg 87398998 Pregabalin caps 100mg 84 capsule(s) 87405998 PREGABALIN caps 150mg 87397998 Pregabalin caps 150mg 56 capsule(s) 87404998 PREGABALIN caps 200mg 87396998 Pregabalin caps 200mg 84 capsule(s) 87403998 PREGABALIN caps 225mg 84233998 Pregabalin caps 225mg capsule(s) 56 84234998 PREGABALIN PREGABALIN caps 25mg 87401998 Pregabalin caps 25mg 56 capsule(s) 87408998 PREGABALIN caps 300mg 87395998 Pregabalin caps 300mg 56 capsule(s) 87402998 PREGABALIN caps 50mg 87400998 Pregabalin caps 50mg 84 capsule(s) 87407998 PREGABALIN caps 75mg 87399998 Pregabalin caps 75mg 56 capsule(s) 87406998 97949992 PRIMIDONE 86349998 PRIMIDONE 85466998 PRIMIDONE 85180998 PRIMIDONE 84127998 Primidone caps 85534998 PRIMIDONE Primidone oral liq 85533998 PRIMIDONE oral susp 250mg/5ml 99383997 Primidone oral susp 250mg/5ml 1 mls 95403997 PRIMIDONE tabs 250mg 99383998 PRIMIDONE tabs 250mg 87106998 Primidone tabs 250mg 100 tablet(s) 95403998 PRIMIDONE/PHENYTION SODIUM 97955992 fc tab 100mg 84420998 RUFINAMIDE FC tab 100mg 84417998 RUFINAMIDE Rufinamide fc tab 200mg 84419998 RUFINAMIDE FC tab 200mg 84416998 17

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code Rufinamide fc tab 400mg 84418998 RUFINAMIDE FC tab 400mg 84415998 Sod c/r 200 mg tab 0 96463992

Sodium valproate + valproic acid (ipu) mr granules 1000mg 83790998 SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR 83709998

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR granules 1000mg 82857998 Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr granules 100mg 83794998

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR granules 100mg 83707998 Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr granules 250mg 83793998

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR granules 250mg 83706998 Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr granules 500mg 83792998

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR granules 500mg 83705998

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR granules 50mg 83708998 Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr granules 750mg 83791998

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID MR granules 750mg 83704998

Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr tab 200mg 100 tablet(s) 92917998 SODIUM VALPROATE SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID mr tab 300mg 95217990

Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr tab 300mg 100 tablet(s) 92917997

SODIUM VALPROATE + VALPROIC ACID mr tab 500mg 95216990

Sodium valproate + valproic acid mr tab 500mg 100 tablet(s) 92917996 SODIUM VALPROATE crushable tab 100mg 97910990 SODIUM VALPROATE crushable tab 100mg 96676990 SODIUM VALPROATE crushable tab 100mg 94409996 Sodium valproate crushable tab 100mg 100 tablet(s) 94568998 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 98929990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 98385990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 97911989 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 97910989 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 97721990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 96986990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 96977989 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 94409998 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 93444990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 92802998 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 200mg 83480998 Sodium valproate ec tab 200mg 100 tablet(s) 94606998

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 98929989 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 98385989 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 98084990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 97911988 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 97910988 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 97721989 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 96986988 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 96977990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 94409997 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 93443990 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 92802997 SODIUM VALPROATE ec tab 500mg 83479998 Sodium valproate ec tab 500mg 100 tablet(s) 94606997 SODIUM VALPROATE inj 1000mg/10ml 84088998 Sodium valproate inj 1000mg/10ml ampoule(s) 5 84089998 SODIUM VALPROATE inj 300mg/3ml 85029998 Sodium valproate inj 300mg/3ml 5 ampoule(s) 85030998 SODIUM VALPROATE mr cap 150mg 84667998 Sodium valproate mr cap 150mg 100 capsule(s) 84671998 SODIUM VALPROATE mr cap 300mg 84666998 Sodium valproate mr cap 300mg 100 capsule(s) 84670998 SODIUM VALPROATE MR granules 1000mg 84664998 Sodium valproate mr granules 1000mg sachet(s) 100 84668998 SODIUM VALPROATE MR granules 500mg 84665998 Sodium valproate mr granules 500mg sachet(s) 100 84669998 SODIUM VALPROATE mr tab 200mg 92918998 Sodium valproate mr tab 200mg tablet(s) 100 83321998 SODIUM VALPROATE mr tab 300mg 92918997 SODIUM VALPROATE mr tab 300mg 88177998 Sodium valproate mr tab 300mg 100 tablet(s) 92345998 SODIUM VALPROATE mr tab 500mg 92918996 SODIUM VALPROATE mr tab 500mg 88178998 Sodium valproate mr tab 500mg 100 tablet(s) 90505998 Sodium valproate oral liq mls 1 83766998 SODIUM VALPROATE pwdr/inj.soln 400mg 94408996

Sodium valproate pwdr/inj.soln 400mg 1 400mg vial + diluent 93148998 SODIUM VALPROATE sf liq 200mg/5ml 98929988 SODIUM VALPROATE sf liq 200mg/5ml 97911990 SODIUM VALPROATE sf liq 200mg/5ml 96159990 SODIUM VALPROATE sf liq 200mg/5ml 94408997 SODIUM VALPROATE sf liq 200mg/5ml 92802996 Sodium valproate sf liq 200mg/5ml 300 mls 94568997 Sodium valproate supp 84720998 SODIUM VALPROATE syrp 200mg/5ml 97697990 SODIUM VALPROATE syrp 200mg/5ml 96986989 SODIUM VALPROATE syrp 200mg/5ml 95810990 SODIUM VALPROATE syrp 200mg/5ml 94408998 19

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code Sodium valproate syrp 200mg/5ml 300 mls 94568996

VALPROIC ACID (AS SEMISODIUM SALT) ec tab 250mg 94068998

Valproic acid (as semisodium salt) ec tab 250mg 90 tablet(s) 97628998

VALPROIC ACID (AS SEMISODIUM SALT) ec tab 500mg 94068997

Valproic acid (as semisodium salt) ec tab 500mg 90 tablet(s) 97628997 VALPROIC ACID ec soft gelatin ca 150mg 93016998 Valproic acid ec soft gelatin ca 150mg 100 capsule(s) 93015998 VALPROIC ACID ec soft gelatin ca 300mg 93016997 Valproic acid ec soft gelatin ca 300mg 100 capsule(s) 93015997 VALPROIC ACID ec soft gelatin ca 500mg 93016996 Valproic acid ec soft gelatin ca 500mg 100 capsule(s) 93015996 caps 250mg 84094998 Stiripentol caps 250mg capsule(s) 60 84098998 STIRIPENTOL caps 500mg 84093998 Stiripentol caps 500mg capsule(s) 60 84097998 STIRIPENTOL STIRIPENTOL sach 250mg 84092998 Stiripentol sach 250mg sachet(s) 60 84096998 STIRIPENTOL sach 500mg 84091998 Stiripentol sach 500mg sachet(s) 60 84095998 SULTHIAME 98152992 SULTHIAME 98148992 SULTHIAME 98147992 SULTHIAME SULTHIAME 95361992 SULTHIAME 94256992 SULTHIAME 94033992 tabs 10mg 99880998 TIAGABINE tabs 10mg 89408997 Tiagabine tabs 10mg 100 tablet(s) 89409997 TIAGABINE tabs 15mg 90858998 TIAGABINE TIAGABINE tabs 15mg 89408996 Tiagabine tabs 15mg 100 tablet(s) 89409996 TIAGABINE tabs 5mg 98200998 TIAGABINE tabs 5mg 89408998 Tiagabine tabs 5mg 100 tablet(s) 89409998 caps 15mg 92285990 TOPIRAMATE caps 15mg 92293990 TOPIRAMATE caps 15mg 88868998 Topiramate caps 15mg 60 capsule(s) 91044997 TOPIRAMATE TOPIRAMATE caps 25mg 92284990 TOPIRAMATE caps 25mg 92292990 TOPIRAMATE caps 25mg 88868997 Topiramate caps 25mg 60 capsule(s) 91044996 TOPIRAMATE caps 50mg 92283990 20

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Drug Name Generic Drug Code TOPIRAMATE caps 50mg 92291990 TOPIRAMATE caps 50mg 88868996 Topiramate caps 50mg 60 capsule(s) 88396998 Topiramate oral liq 84729998 TOPIRAMATE tabs 100mg 92198990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 100mg 92280990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 100mg 92296990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 100mg 92331990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 100mg 91051997 Topiramate tabs 100mg 60 tablet(s) 91050997 TOPIRAMATE tabs 200mg 92197990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 200mg 92279990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 200mg 92295990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 200mg 92330990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 200mg 91051996 Topiramate tabs 200mg 60 tablet(s) 91050996 TOPIRAMATE tabs 25mg 92200990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 25mg 92282990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 25mg 92298990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 25mg 92333990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 25mg 91045998 Topiramate tabs 25mg 60 tablet(s) 91044998 TOPIRAMATE tabs 50mg 92199990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 50mg 92281990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 50mg 92297990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 50mg 92332990 TOPIRAMATE tabs 50mg 91051998 Topiramate tabs 50mg 60 tablet(s) 91050998 TROXIDONE TROXIDONE 95690992 93770996 Vigabatrin oral liq 83797998 VIGABATRIN sf pwdr 500mg 93769997 VIGABATRIN Vigabatrin sf pwdr 500mg 50 sachet(s) 93770997 VIGABATRIN tabs 500mg 93769998 Vigabatrin tabs 500mg 100 tablet(s) 93770998 caps 100mg 86841998 Zonisamide caps 100mg 56 capsule(s) 86844998 ZONISAMIDE caps 25mg 86843998 ZONISAMIDE Zonisamide caps 25mg 14 capsule(s) 86846998 ZONISAMIDE caps 50mg 86842998 Zonisamide caps 50mg 56 capsule(s) 86845998

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Supplemental Table 4: Comparison of practice characteristics who are active versus withdrawn or merged.

All Active Withdrawn/Merged Average Practice Size* Number of 774 392 382 practices Mean (SD) 1046 (558) 1029 (553) 1064 (564) Median [Q1-Q3] 962 [602-1380] 935 [619-1366] 1005 [594-1416] Country, n(%)** England 507 (66%) 139 (35%) 368 (96%) Ireland 42 (5%) 39 (10%) 3 (<1%) Scotland 142 (18%) 132 (34%) 10 (3%) Wales 83 (11%) 82 (21%) 1 (<1%) *Average practice sized based on the mid-year population counts of children aged 4-16 years. **Data are n (%) where n is the number of practices overall and by active, withdrawn/merged status.

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Supplemental Table 5. Representation of contributing ages by year

Year Age in years 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

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Supplemental Table 6. Definitions of the cohorts and numbers included in analyses

Number of Cohort Description Rolandic Epilepsy Analysis Set Children Children aged 0-16 years who were born during 1994–2012 and had a RE diagnosis (Read code 516 Full Cohort F25y400) prior to September 2017 Cumulative distribution of At least 10 years of follow-up from birth 317 time to diagnosis of RE Children aged between 4-16 years in the period 2000–2017 who were epilepsy-free at entry into 485 the subcohort Sub Cohort Restricted analysis up to 2014 due to the increase 443 in withdrawn GP practices from 2015 onwards

From practices with available mid-year 379 Incidence Sample population counts

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Supplemental Figure 1. Percentage with exact 95% CIs of children with Rolandic epilepsy in the incidence sample with a record of taking any AED over years 2000 to 2014 by age group.

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