Pollination Ecology

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Pollination Ecology • Community Ecology • Pollen • Pollination • Self-pollination • Wind: Anemophily • Animal Pollination (Zoophily) • Consequences of Animal Pollination What is a community? • Community: a group of • Co-evolution populations that coexist in – led to ideas of plant space and time and defense interact with one another – pollination ecology directly or indirectly – other plant-animal interactions: seed dispersal • Species interactions: affect one another’s population dynamics • Natural selection and co- evolution may follow Pollination Syndromes • Can be (+,+) interaction • Plant-animal interaction • Pollen grains • size tens of microns Pollination • Dependence on breeding system • Self-pollination • Pollen/ovule ratio Pollination • flower morphology • surface – wind: smooth – animal: sculptured • Packages (animal only) Delphinium – dyads and tetrads (Ericaceae) – Pollina (orchids & Asclepicadaceae) – viscin threads (Fabaceae & Onagraceae) Grass (Poa pratensis) Pollination syndromes • Self-pollination • Wind •Insect •Birds •Mammals Prevention of self pollination Primula spp.: long and short style Form. Self pollination difficult Wind: Anemophily • lacks precision – long range – some weeds 1.25 million pollen grains – Hazel: 600 million – common where conspecifics close by – vegetation open seasonally – environmental cues coordinate flowering Animal Pollination (Zoophily) •Insect • Vertebrates • Pollination syndromes – Flower morphology – odor – color – shape • nectar reward – sucrose/glucose/fructose concentrations Insect Insect Color cues Birds Pollinator rewards Mammals Consequences of Animal Pollination • Distance/Direction • Constancy • Vector behavior • Handling time • Distance/Direction • Constancy Distribution of insect species Gene flow • genetic consequences – Impact on fertilization – gene flow limited – Raphanus sativus • Problems – non-pollinating visitors Variation in distance traveled by Plantago lanceolata pollen clumps as a function of size.

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Pollination and Evolution of Plant and Insect Interaction JPP 2017; 6(3): 304-311 Received: 03-03-2017 Accepted: 04-04-2017 Showket a Dar, Gh
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(3): 304-311 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Pollination and evolution of plant and insect interaction JPP 2017; 6(3): 304-311 Received: 03-03-2017 Accepted: 04-04-2017 Showket A Dar, Gh. I Hassan, Bilal A Padder, Ab R Wani and Sajad H Showket A Dar Parey Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shalimar, Jammu Abstract and Kashmir-India Flowers exploit insects to achieve pollination; at the same time insects exploit flowers for food. Insects and flowers are a partnership. Each insect group has evolved different sets of mouthparts to exploit the Gh. I Hassan food that flowers provide. From the insects' point of view collecting nectar or pollen is rather like fitting Sher-e-Kashmir University of a key into a lock; the mouthparts of each species can only exploit flowers of a certain size and shape. Agricultural Science and This is why, to support insect diversity in our gardens, we need to plant a diversity of suitable flowers. It Technology, Shalimar, Jammu is definitely not a case of 'one size fits all'. While some insects are generalists and can exploit a wide and Kashmir-India range of flowers, others are specialists and are quite particular in their needs. In flowering plants, pollen grains germinate to form pollen tubes that transport male gametes (sperm cells) to the egg cell in the Bilal A Padder embryo sac during sexual reproduction. Pollen tube biology is complex, presenting parallels with axon Sher-e-Kashmir University of guidance and moving cell systems in animals.
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Pollination.Pdf
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