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Contribution À L'histoire De L'apport Des Sciences Médico-Pharmaceutiques

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Contribution À L'histoire De L'apport Des Sciences Médico-Pharmaceutiques Contribution à l’histoire de l’apport des sciences médico-pharmaceutiques arabo-musulmanes de l’époque médiévale (VIIIème - XIIIème siècles) à la pharmacie européenne Ibtihel Ouethrani To cite this version: Ibtihel Ouethrani. Contribution à l’histoire de l’apport des sciences médico-pharmaceutiques arabo- musulmanes de l’époque médiévale (VIIIème - XIIIème siècles) à la pharmacie européenne. Sciences pharmaceutiques. 2017. dumas-01977982 HAL Id: dumas-01977982 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01977982 Submitted on 11 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE CAEN NORMANDIE ANNEE 2017 U.F.R. DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES THESE POUR LE DIPLOME D’ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE PRESENTEE PAR OUETHRANI IBTIHEL SUJET : Contribution à l’histoire de l’apport des sciences médico-pharmaceutiques arabo-musulmanes de l’époque médiévale (VIII ème - XIII ème siècles) à la pharmacie européenne SOUTENUE PUBLIQUEMENT LE : 3 NOVEMBRE 2017 JURY : PR DAVID GARON PRESIDENT DU JURY DR JEAN-PHILIPPE RIOULT EXAMINATEUR DR JEROME QUINTIN EXAMINATEUR DR NABIL ENNASRI EXAMINATEUR MR ABDERRAHIM BOUZELMATE EXAMINATEUR 1 ENSEIGNANTS PAR DEPARTEMENT D'ENSEIGNEMENT Département de Biochimie et Toxicologie Pr François Sichel Dr Véronique André, MCU - HDR Dr Christophe Denoyelle, MCU Dr Sophie Krieger, MCU Dr Pierre Lebailly, MCU - HDR Dr Mathilde Lechevrel, MCU - HDR Dr Monique N'Diaye, MCU Dr Marie Villedieu, MCU Département de Biodiversité-Santé, Microbiologie, Biotechnologies Pr David Garon Dr Anne Dhalluin, MCU Dr Philippe Eldin De Pécoulas, MCU - HDR Pr Jean-Christophe Giard Dr Monique N'Diaye, MCU Dr Jean-Philippe Rioult, MCU Département de Biophysique et Modélisation Moléculaire Pr Ronan Bureau Dr Alban Lepailleur, MCU Pr Jana de Oliveira Santos Département de Chimie Minérale et Chimie Analytique Pr Raphaël Delépée Dr Thomas Cailly, MCU-HDR Dr Catherine Laporte-Wojcik, MCU Dr Ivannah Pottier, MCU Dr Virginie Prévost, MCU-H DR Dr Marc Since, MCU 2 Département de Chimie Organique, Chimie Thérapeutique et Chimie de l'Environnement Pr Patrick Dallemagne Pr Frédéric Fabis Dr Maria Pereira-Rosenfeld, MCU Pr Christophe Rochais Dr Anne-Sophie Voisin-Chiret, MCU-HDR Département de Pharmacie clinique et Sémiopathologie Dr Guillaume Saint-Lorant, PAST Département de Pharmacie Galénique Pr Aurélie Malzert-Fréon Dr Anne-Claire Groo, MCU Département de Pharmacognosie Pr Valérie Collot Dr Jérôme Quintin, MCU Département de Physiologie et Pharmacologie Pr Michel Boulouard Dr Valentine Bouet, MCU - HDR Pr François Dauphin Pr Thomas Fréret Dr Eleni Paizanis, MCU Pr Pascale Schumann-Bard Les enseignants identifiés "Pr" ou "MCU- HDR" peuvent être Président de jury. 3 Contribution à l’h istoire de l’apport des sciences médico-pharmaceutiques arabo-musulmanes de l’époque médiévale (VIII ème - XIII ème siècles) à la pharmacie européenne 4 A mes grands-parents, mes parents, sœurs et frère, oncles et tantes , que ce modeste travail soit l’expression des vœux que vous n’avez cessé de formuler dans vos prières. 5 REMERCIEMENTS Il m’est agréable d’adresser mes sincères remerciements à tous ceux qui m’ont apporté de près ou de loin, aide et conseils lors de l’élaboration de cette thèse de doctorat. Je voudrais remercier en particulier : Le Jury Pr David GARON : Président du Jury Je remercie énormément le Pr David GARON de la confiance qu'il m'a accordée en acceptant d'encadrer ce travail doctoral. J’ai été extrêmement sensible à ses qualités humaines durant ses enseignements à la fac. Merci pour votre gentillesse, votre patience et vos conseils. Veuillez trouver ici l’assurance de ma respectueuse considération et de ma reconnaissance en me faisant l’honneur de présider le Jury. Dr Jean-Philippe RIOULT : Directeur de thèse Ce travail a été suivi pas à pas par le Dr Jean-Philippe RIOULT. Je tiens vivement à le remercier pour toutes les heures qu'il a consacrées à diriger cette recherche et ayant fait bénéficier cette thèse de ses corrections, de ses remarques et de ses suggestions, c e qui a permis d’en améliorer gra ndement le contenu, la formulation et la présentation. Je le remercie tout particulièrement pour ses conseils avisés lors de mes recherches, pour sa disponibilité remarquable, pour m’avoir enrichi de ses connaissances scientifiques lors de nos nombreuses discussions, pour la lecture attentive qu’il a faite de mon travail et de l’intérêt qu’il m’a porté lors de la préparation de la soutenance. J'aimerais également lui témoigner ma profonde reconnaissance pour ses enseignements qu’il nous a transmis avec beaucoup d’ardeur au cours de ces six années d’études. Un professeur exemplaire ! 6 Dr Jérôme QUINTIN : Examinateur, membre du Jury Mes sincères remerciements et ma gratitude vont aussi au Dr Jérôme QUINTIN pour avoir accepté de juger ce travail en participant au Jury de soutenance. Que vous soyez assuré de mon entière reconnaissance. Je suis très sensible à l’honneur que vous nous faites en acceptant d’examiner ce travail malgré vos occupations d’enseignements et de recherches actuellement à Paris . Vos superbes TP nous resterons toujours en mémoire. Dr Nabil ENNASRI : Examinateur, membre du jury J’aimerais réserv er une attention particulière à Mr Nabil ENNASRI, très grand penseur, qui m’a toujours donné l’envie de progresser dans mes études et mes projets. Tu nous as toujours soutenus dans nos engagements professionnels et associatifs et c’est grâce à toi qu’aujourd’hui.. je n’ai rien lâché !! Je te remercie vivement d’avoir accepté de participer à ce Jury avec beaucoup d'enthousiasme, au travers de tes engagements multiples. Je suis très honorée de ta présence dans ce Jury et te prie de recevoir ma respectueuse reconnaissance. Mr Abderrahim BOUZELMATE : Examinateur, membre du jury Je remercie très chaleureusement Mr Abderrahim BOUZELMATE qui a accepté avec tant de passion de juger notre thèse, et qui nous fait l’honneur de participer à ce Jury. J’ai été émerveillée par ton travail remarquable sur l’histoire d’ Al Andalus . Merci de nous faire partager ton savoir à travers tes livres, toujours aussi agréables à lire et qui sont de véritables bouffées d’air frais. Sois témoin de notre honneur et de toute notre respectueuse reconnaissance par ta présence dans le Jury. Soyez assurés, Monsieur le Président et chers membres du Jury, de mon estime et de ma profonde gratitude de votre présence. 7 ( اﻟﻣﺗﺣف اﻟوطﻧﻲ ﻟﻠطب ﻣن ﺗوﻧس) Le Musée National de la Médecine de Tunis Je remercie particulièrement Mme Rania pour m’avoir reçue dans son musée et m’avoir renseignée dans mon travail. Merci pour le temps que vous m’avez consacré et les conseils que vous m’avait prodigué , je les ai suivi avec grand plaisir. La Pharmacie Neuveglise Vous m’avez formé et transmis votre passion grâce à votre dynamisme et votre disponibilité constante . Je n’oublierai jamais votre pharmacie et son équipe où j’ai tout appris de mon métier grâce à vos conseils qui m’ont permis de progresser sans cesse. Je suis fière de vous présenter ce travail tant attendu ! Ma Famille A ma grande famille. Un grand merci à tous les membres de ma famille qui m’ont touj ours soutenue et m’ont inculqué de réelles valeurs. Je vous dédie ma thèse. Et à ma petite sœur Haïfa, qui m’a forcé à citer son nom dans les remerciements. Mes Proches - A ma meilleure amie Monjia : pour avoir été toujours à mes côtés depuis notre obtention du bac, pour avoir rempli ces 6 années d’étu des de souvenirs en tous genres. Notre destin était tel qu’on devait se retrouver pour devenir pharmaciens à travers les frontières qui nous séparent. - La team PMF : Khaoula avec qui tout a commencé, Fatima qui m’a aidé dans la correction et soutenu tout au long de la rédaction de ma thèse, Selma, Marya, Maroua, Hajar,…et toute l’équipe ! - La team OMAS : j’ai la chance de vous avoir rencontré et je suis fière de ce qu’on a construit ensemble. - La team Pharma : mes cher(e)s collègues, une pensée à vous qui m’encouragez à longueur de temps. - A SemSem, pour me donner chaque jour l’envie d’être toujours ambitieuse, d ’aller plus loin, et de faire mieux ! …Et à tous ceux qui pensent que les pharmaciens sont des épiciers … 8 TABLE DES MATIERES REMERCIEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 6 TABLE DES MATIERES ..................................................................................................... 9 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 17 II. SITUATION MEDICALE EN ARABIE AU DEBUT DU VI EME SIECLE .......................... 21 2.1 La civilisation arabo-musulmane du VI ème siècle ..................................................... 22 2.1.1 La Péninsule arabique avant l’apparition du monde musulman .................. 22 2.1.2 Naissance d’une nouvelle religion : l’Islam .................................................. 28 2.2 Etat de la médecine arabo-musulmane au début de l’ère islamique ....................... 35 2.2.1 La médecine pré-islamique ou médecine bédouine
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