The Folk of A Selective Bibliography and Discography Katharine Lambaria LIS 511: Bibliography December 20, 2013

Abstract

This bibliography is a selective representation of items relating to traditional Bulgarian music, or Bulgarian , that are located at the Music & Performing Arts Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It includes encyclopedia and dictionary entries, books, journal articles, and sound recordings in compact disc format. Text resources are arranged from general to specific, starting first with the encyclopedia entries followed by monographs and then journal articles. Compact discs are arranged alphabetically. In regards to the printed materials included, I have decided to arrange from general to specific because of the intent of this bibliography: to provide a guided reading list for or in place of a course on Bulgarian music. This bibliography is intended for University of Illinois students with an interest in Bulgarian musical culture. Items are in English and have an emphasis on traditional practices. There is more content within the library than what is presented here, including several more journal articles and a few more of Bulgarian wedding music. These items are not included because they are either not in English, repetitive, in a different format than CD or are outside the intended folk music scope of this bibliography. Materials spread a wide range of years as an attempt to give a thorough picture of how concepts changed over time. One may wish to consult previous editions of certain materials, such as the Grove Dictionary entry, to understand these changes. Bibliography

Petrov, Stoyan, Magdalena Manolova, and Donna A. Buchanan. “Bulgaria.” In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and . 2nd ed. 569-583. New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc., 2001. Call number: ML100 G76N382001

This dictionary entry briefly discusses Bulgarian art music but provides a more in-depth look at the traditional music practices. Topics including the national renaissance and development of music ethnography, characteristics of pre-socialist musical culture, urban , institutionalized neo-traditional music after 1930 and neo-traditional are covered. The characteristics of pre-socialist musical culture section is divided into further subtopics and musical examples and images are included. There is a brief bibliography after the art music section and an extensive bibliography after traditional music that includes collections, books and articles, and recordings.

Rice, Timothy. “Bulgaria.” In Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Volume 8: Europe. Edited by Timothy Rice, James Porter, and Chris Goertzen, 890-910. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 2000. Call number: ML100 G27

This academic reference work is an authoritative source for ethnomusicological information. The 10 volumes comprehensively cover the different musical practices of the world. Volume 8 focuses on Europe with an entry on Bulgaria. This entry provides brief country information and goes into detail about musical style and instruments, regional styles, movement and dance, texts, traditional and contemporary contexts, popular and minority music, the and the history of research on Bulgarian music.

Koenig, Martin. Voices & Images from Bulgaria. Vashon Island: Barking Rooster Press, 2011. Call number: DR63.K64 2011

Martin Koenig’s beautiful work, Voices & Images from Bulgaria, aims to preserve the changing music and dance traditions of Bulgaria from forty years before. It includes stunning black and white photographs of rural villagers performing daily activities, such as music and dance, with annotations to accompany each image. All text is provided in both English and Bulgarian. A note and acknowledgements from the author are provided in addition to introductions by Lanny Silverman, the chief curator at the Chicago Cultural Center, and Dr. Anna Ilieva, Senior Dance Ethnologist at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Rice, Timothy. Music in Bulgaria: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Call number: ML252 R53M8

Part of the Global Music Series, Music in Bulgaria aims to achieve the main goals of being a useful educational text and thorough case study. It provides an overview of the tradition, suggests ways for individuals to interact with the unfamiliar tradition, places the tradition within a larger social context, and discusses how ethnomusicologists interact with this type of research. Glossaries of both Bulgarian and musical terms are included in addition to a reference list, index and recommended resources list. An accompanying CD of musical examples is also included.

Krustev, Venelin. Bulgarian Music. Translated by Jean Patterson-Alexieva. : Balkan State Printing House, 1978. Call number: 781.74977 K 946 b:E

Published in 1978, this work traces the history of Bulgarian music by focusing on the performing arts, amateur art, training, concert, publishing and teaching activity. Divided into four parts, it covers early Bulgaria prior to the current state and its early kingdoms, musical culture after the liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, music from the 1920s to 1944, and the period after the establishment of People’s Rule in Bulgaria. Images are found throughout the text. This work lacks a bibliography and index.

Litova-Nikolova, Lydia. Bulgarian Folk Music. Sofia: Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, 2004. Call number: ML3602 L58B8

Bulgarian Folk Music is divided into two sections, the first focusing on musical-folklore dialectology and the second on the history of the Bulgarian musical folkloristics. This work focuses on the different musical-folklore styles that are dependent upon the region and its history. Music is discussed in its relation to the folklore traditions. Musical examples and are included throughout the text in addition to a bibliography, list of abbreviations used, and index to part one.

Kremenliev, Boris A. Bulgarian-Macedonian Folk Music. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1952. Call number: 780.9497 K88b cop.2

This work, which claims to be the first English study on the topic of Bulgarian folk music, provides the readers with a historic background and information on the meter, melody, structure, type and instruments that create Bulgarian music. The author makes no distinction between Bulgarian and Macedonian music, as he does not see an ethnological difference between the two and emphasis is placed on folk music and folklore. A bibliography, index, and index of song titles are included.

Buchanan, Donna A. Performing Democracy: Bulgarian Music and Musicians in Transition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006. Call number: ML3918.F65 B83

Donna A. Buchanan’s Performing Democracy portrays Bulgarian music as a dynamic and malleable tradition. She places traditional musical practices within the transitioning political landscape of the country and emphasizes music as a means of creating and portraying a national identity. A glossary of Bulgarian terms is included in addition to an index and extensive discography and reference lists. An accompanying CD is provided consisting of musical examples referenced throughout the work.

Rice, Timothy. May It Fill Your Soul: Experiencing Bulgarian Music. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994. Call number: ML3602 R52M2

Timothy Rice’s 370-page monograph covers the topic of Bulgarian music by placing it in the context of the country’s political history and discussing the manner in which he encountered it and how others acquire, live, change, continue, and interpret the tradition through the political changes. Rice uses stories of the Varimezov family, a family of musical performers, to portray his ideas. A glossary, notes, reference list, and index are included in addition to an accompanying CD of musical examples.

Peycheva, Lozanka and Ventsislav Dimov. The Zurna Tradition in Southwest Bulgaria. Sofia: Zvezdan, 2002. Call number: ML3602 P45Z8

The contents of this monograph are in Bulgarian and then translated into English at the back with 32 pages of images separating the two sections. The work focuses on the zurna music performed by Roma zurnacies in southwest Bulgaria, the main region where this music has been a continuing and developing tradition. The chapters focus on the instrument, performer, musical style, contexts for performance, and symbolism of zurnaci music. Appendixes at the end contain notated music examples, list of sources, bibliography, list of CD excerpts, and a table of contents.

Buchanan, Donna A. “Metaphors of Power, Metaphors of Truth: The Politics of Music Professionalism in Bulgarian Folk Orchestras.” Vol. 39, No. 3 (1995): 381-416. Call number: 784.405 ET

The title of this article accurately describes its contents. In “Metaphors of Power, Metaphors of Truth,” Buchanan discusses the manner in which folk music was professionalized during communist rule in Bulgaria, a process that was a social, political and cultural interaction of individual musicians.

Kaufman, Nikolay. “Part-Singing in Bulgarian Folk Music.” Journal of the International Folk Music Council Vol. 15 (1963): 48-49. Call number: 784.4 IN7J

More musically theoretical than other items in this bibliography, ’s brief paper presents the different styles of part-singing in four regions of Bulgaria: the Pirina region, the region to the center of western Bulgaria, and the Velingrad and Ihktiman Pizardjik regions. Emphasis is placed on two-part and musical examples are provided.

Kirilov, Kalin S. “Revival of Bulgarian Folk Music during Socialism and the Post-Socialist Transition: Music and Cultural Identity.” MUSICultures Vol. 37, (2010): 109-124. Call number: 781.771 C161a

Kalin S. Kirilov's article connects two different periods of Bulgarian folk music revival, 1944-1989 and 2005-2010. The author questions the relationship between folk or village culture and modern life in addition to the role the state played in using folk music to create a national Bulgarian cultural identity. This discussion takes place in a chronological historical context.

Krader, Barbara. “Bulgarian Folk Music Research.” Ethnomusicology Vol. 13, No. 2 (1969): 248-266. Call number: 784.405 ET

This article discusses two works that summarize the work done on Bulgarian folk music to the present and also includes additional materials to fill in gaps. Items are intentionally left out either for the region they cover of the angle taken by the author as well as articles on topics that are supplemental to the main folk music scope. Sections are divided by subject and an extensive bibliography, including other bibliographies on Bulgarian folk music, is found at the end of the article.

Rice, Timothy. “Reflections on Music and Meaning: Metaphor, Signification and Control in the Bulgarian Case.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology Vol. 10, No. 1 (2001): 19-38. Call number: ML3797.6 B74

In this paper, Timothy Rice uses Bulgarian music as an example to help discuss music and meaning. Rice focuses on music's significance in human life, the many meanings of music, and the institutional control of music.

Discography

Brody, Lauren. Song of the Crooked Dance: Early Bulgarian Traditional Music 1927-42. 1998 by YAZOO. YAZOO 7016. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 S66

Song of the Crooked Dance was produced by Lauren Brody and intended as a means of preservation for recordings of rural and urban Bulgarian music between WWI and WWII. The tracks consist of solo and ensemble instrumental pieces along with both female and male vocal music. The liner notes provide a brief history of the recording industry in Bulgaria at this time, information about the known artists on the , and information, song texts, and translations of each track.

Bulgari. Bulgarian Folk Music. 1999 by Music of the World. LAT 50613. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 B85B85

The ensemble Bulgari was founded in 1993 in order to perform pure and authentic Bulgarian folk music. The instruments heard on this disc are the , , tupan, , and tambura. A brief explanation of each instrument and its performer is included in the liner notes in addition to the and /arranger of each track on the album.

Koenig, Martin. Field Recordings: Voices & Images from Bulgaria. 2011 by Barking Rooster Press. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC DR63.K64 2011

This compact disc contains the 21 accompanying musical examples to Martin Koenig’s Voices & Images from Bulgaria. All tracks are field recordings collected between 1966 and 1979 by Martin Koenig and provide a sampling of solo and group instrumentalists and solo and group voices. Brief liner notes in both English and Bulgarian provide recording context, title and translation of title, run time, performer, instrument and region. The kaval, gaida, gadulka, tamboura, accordion, zurna and tupan can be heard.

Kutev, Filip. Le Mystere des Voix Bulgares. With Marcel Cellier and Krasimir Kyurkchiyski. 1987 by Elektra/Nonesuch Records. 9 79165-2. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 M97 v.1

The first volume of Le Mystere des Voix Bulgares contains 13 tracks performed by the Bulgarian State Radio and Television Female Vocal Choir under the direction of Philip Koutev and Krasimir Kyurkchiyski. The tracks are arranged folk music songs that highlight the beautiful timbres of the female Bulgarian voice. Kaval, gaida, and gadulka can also be heard as accompanying instruments on some tracks. The liner notes provide background information on the ensemble, its leaders, Bulgarian folk music and the manner in which it is represented on this disc. There are no song texts or translations, however each track is provided with the type of song and its location if applicable.

Lozanka Peycheva and Ventsislav Dimov. The Zurna Tradition in Southwest Bulgaria. 2002 by Zvezdan. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC ML3602 P45Z8

This compact disc contains the 43 accompanying musical excerpts from Peycheva and Dimov’s The Zurna Tradition in Southwest Bulgaria. No liner notes are included, however information of the pieces can be found in the text under “Musical Excerpts on the CD.” The recordings were collected between 1956 and 2002 in the Melnic, Petrich, Razlog and Gotse Delchev regions of Bulgaria. Brief performer and location information is provided for each track and the primary instrument heard is the zurna. Recordings are arranged chronologically to display the developments to zurnaci music through the years.

Raim, Ethel and Martin Koenig. A Harvest, a Shepherd, a Bride: Village . In the Shadow of the Mountain: Bulgarian Folk Music. 1988 by Elektra/Nonesuch Records. 9 79195-2. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 I5

Ethel Raim and Martin Koenig collected the traditional village music presented in this 25 track CD during the summer of 1968. Songs and dances from the regions of - , Rhodope, , and Shope make up the beginning half of the disc and songs and dances of Pirin-Macedonia make up the end half. The tracks consist of vocal music as well as instrumental music, including the gaida, kaval, gadulka, tambura, and tupan. Background information on Bulgarian music is provided by the producers in the liner notes in addition to translated song texts and information on the specific pieces.

Rice, Timothy. May It Fill Your Soul: Experiencing Bulgarian Music. 1994 by The University of Chicago Press. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC ML3602 R52M2

This disc is intended to accompany Timothy Rice’s monograph May It Fill Your Soul: Experiencing Bulgarian Music. Information on the musical excerpts is found in the book on page xv. This includes the following information for each track: title, performance region, recording information, and the page on which the track is discussed.

Rice, Timothy. Music in Bulgaria: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. 2004 by Oxford University Press. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC ML252 R53M8

This CD is intended to accompany Timothy Rice's Music in Bulgaria. The 38 tracks represent a wide variety of Bulgarian music including traditional folk music, popfolk music, vocal music and instrumental music from several different regions. Information on each example and recording information can be found on the CD Track List on pages xv- xviii of the text. The Trio Bulgarka. The Forest is Crying (Lament for Indje Voivode). 1988 by Hannibal Records Ltd. HNCD 1342. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 T75F6

Named after its first track, The Forest is Crying consists of works performed by The Trio Bulgarka, three renowned Bulgarian female vocalists. All works are vocal and tambour, drums, gadulka, kaval, , or bass accompanies some of the 18 tracks. The liner notes provide brief information on the three vocalists and limited information on each track such as song type, title translation and region.

Together Again. Legends of Bulgarian Wedding Music. 2005 by Traditional Crossroads. CD 4330. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 T644

The style of music represented in this album has been termed “wedding music” and is based on Balkan folk music and infused with other genres. The performers on these tracks, Ivo Papasov, Yuni Yunakov, Neshko Neshev, and Salif Ali, are the leaders in this genre. Saxophone, clarinet, accordion, and drum set can be heard in addition to traditional Bulgarian melodies and song styles. Information on each track, lyric translations, the performers and ensemble can be found in the liner notes.

Yuri Yunakov. Balada – Bulgarian Wedding Music. 1998 by Traditional Crossroads. CD 4291. Compact Disc. Call number: CDISC M1712 Y87B3

Another example of Bulgarian wedding music, this earlier recording of Yuni Yunakov and Neshko Neshev has the two performers accompanied by Seido Salifoski, Catherine Foster, Lauren Brody, and Carol Silverman. Using modern instruments, the performers are able to draw on folk traditions from different regions in Bulgaria but extend their range and harmonies. Performer biographies and track information, such as folk tradition the piece is drawn from and lyric translations, are included in the liner notes.