Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae): Observações Preliminares

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Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae): Observações Preliminares Revista de Etologia 2002, VComportamentool.4, N°1, 11-15 de acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis O Comportamento de Acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis Rodrigues, 1991 em Cativeiro (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae): Observações Preliminares CLAUDEMIR DURAN FILHO E FLÁVIO DE BARROS MOLINA Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo O comportamento de acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis, um lagarto ápodo, é aqui relatado pela primei- ra vez. Foi observado em maio de 2001, no Zoológico de São Paulo. Parecem ocorrer sete fases distintas: 1) encontro do casal, 2) acompanhamento da fêmea pelo macho, 3) emparelhamento, 4) imobilização da fêmea, 5) pré-cópula, 6) cópula e 7) separação do casal. Interações físicas foram observadas apenas a partir da quarta fase, quando o macho morde a fêmea na região pós-cefálica. Movimentos intensos da cauda foram observados a partir da pré-cópula, quando também foi observado o uso das patas posteriores estiliformes para raspar o corpo da fêmea. Durante a cópula, o macho deixa de morder a fêmea. Estímulos químicos devem ser impor- tantes durante a segunda fase. Estímulos tácteis são importantes na quarta, quinta e sexta fase. Descritores: Acasalamento. Lagarto. Calyptommatus leiolepis. Mating behavior of Calyptommatus leiolepis Rodrigues, 1991 in captivity (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae): first description. Mating behavior of Calyptommatus leiolepis, a legless lizard, is described for the first time. Observations were conducted at Sao Paulo Zoo during May 2001. Mating behavior can be divided in seven phases: 1) pair meeting, 2) female’s attendance by male, 3) pairing, 4) female’s immobilization, 5) pre-copulation, 6) copulation and 7) pair separation. Physical contacts occurred only after the 3rd phase when the male bit the female at the pos- cephalic area. Intense tail movements were performed by the male after the 4th phase. At the same time, it used the stiletto like rear legs to rub female’s body. During copulation the male stopped biting the female. Chemical stimuli seemed to be important during the 2nd phase. Tactile stimuli were important during the 4th, 5th, and 6th phases. Index terms: Mating. Lizard. Calyptommatus leiolepis. O gênero Calyptommatus foi descrito por sa xeromórfica (Rodrigues, 1996). Segundo o Rodrigues (1991) e apresenta quatro espécies autor, as três espécies de Calyptommatus possu- de pequenos lagartos ápodos, três das quais (C. em hábitos noturnos e fossoriais, estando alta- leiolepis, C. sinebrachiatus e C. nicterus) endêmicas mente adaptadas à psamofilia. Sua reprodução das dunas interiores do médio Rio São Francis- é pouco conhecida, o comportamento de corte co/BA (Rodrigues, 1991) e uma (C. confusionibus) e cópula nunca foi observado. Os dados indi- endêmica do Parque Nacional da Serra das cam que a reprodução ou é sazonal ou ocorre Confusões/PI (Rodrigues, Zaher, & Curcio, durante o ano todo, com maior frequência na 2001). época das chuvas, coincidindo com a grande A região das dunas interiores do médio Rio São Francisco apresenta dunas com até 100 Trabalho apresentado na 14a Reunião Anual do Ins- tituto Biológico (São Paulo/SP), em novembro de metros de altura fixadas por vegetação espinho- 2001. Agradecemos ao Prof. Dr. Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues (IBUSP/MZUSP) pela doação dos exem- Flavio de Barros Molina – Setor de Répteis da Fun- plares estudados, pelo incentivo, pelas informações dação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. Av. Miguel compartilhadas e pela leitura crítica do manuscrito; Stefano, 4241, CEP 04301-905, São Paulo/SP, eMail: ao Felipe Curcio (IBUSP) pelo fornecimento inicial [email protected] de cupins. 11 Claudemir Duran Filho e Flávio de Barros Molina oferta de alimento (Moraes, 1993). O tamanho papel (Gillingham, 1987; Pough et al., 1998). das ninhadas é de dois ovos/postura, o que é Em uma espécie fossorial, como C. leiolepis, é regra entre os Gymnophtalmidae (Rodrigues, de Ase esperar um papel fundamental para a 1996). quimiorecepção. Em maio de 2000, foram enviados para a Aproximadamente três horas após as ob- Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo 210 servações acima relatadas, os mesmos espécimens de Calyptommatus leiolepis, proceden- espécimens foram vistos lado a lado (fig. 1B). O tes de Alagoado e Ibiraba (BA), com o objetivo macho passou então a imobilizar a fêmea básico de se desenvolver um manejo adequado abocanhando-a na região pós-cefálica (fig. 1C), para a manutenção em cativeiro. de modo semelhante ao realizado frequente- mente pelos machos de outras espécies de la- Os lagartos foram agrupados em terrários gartos (Pough et al., 1996, 1998) e de algumas de vidro, de acordo com o local de origem. espécies de serpentes da família Colubridae Como substrato utilizou-se areia, com 10 cm de (Gillingham, 1987). Mantendo-a presa,? o ma- profundidade. Como alimento receberam lar- cho posicionou sua região cloacal contra a re- vas de coleóptero, Tenebrio molitor e Alphitobius gião cloacal da fêmea, apresentando intensa vi- diaperinus e, a partir de 20 de julho de 2000, bração caudal (fig. 1D). Vibrações ou tremores cupins (Isoptera). caudais são normalmente observados, durante A partir de 27 de junho de 2000, foram o acasalamento, nos machos de muitas espécies mantidos em sala com ciclo claro-escuro inver- de serpentes, resultando na justaposição das tido; das 8h00 às 17h00 apenas quatro lâmpa- aberturasB cloacais (Gillingham, 1987). das azuis de 40W/200V foram mantidas liga- As patas estiliformes do macho de C. das. Dois aquecedores foram mantidos na sala leiolepis rasparam vigorosamente sobre o corpo em regime de revezamento. No ciclo escuro, a da fêmea, que em resposta, diminuiu os movi- temperatura foi mantida entre aproximada- mentos. Esse comportamento mostrou-se seme- mente 28 e 32°C; a umidade relativa do ar, en- lhante ao realizado pelos machos de espécies tre aproximadamente 50 e 65%. No ciclo claro, da família Boidae, que raspam os esporões a temperatura foi mantida entre 26 e 29°C; a pélvicos contra o corpo das fêmeas (Gillingham,? umidade, entre 55 e 70%. De 21 de agosto de 1987; Tolson, 1994). O casal de C. leiolepis per- 2000 à 18 de abril de 2001, cerca de 100 ml de maneceu semi-enterrado. O macho passou a água foram borrifados nas paredes de um pressionar sua região cloacal contra a região terrário, uma vez por semana, em simulação às cloacal da fêmea, mas não foi possível verificar chuvas que caem na região de origem na mes- a introdução de hemipênis (fig. 2E). Ficaram ma época (M. T. Rodrigues, comunicação pes- unidos por aproximadamente 10 minutos. soal, 29 de maio de 2000). Ações de morder, raspar e atritar, realizadas No dia 7 de maio de 2001, aproximada- pelos machos de várias espécies de répteis, de- mente às 8:30h, durante o início do ciclo escu- vem ter um efeito estimulador sobre as fêmeas, ro, foi observado comportamento de que podem tornar-se mais receptivas para a acasalamento entre 2 exemplares do terrário cópula (Carpenter, 1980). que era borrifado com água. O macho, menor No dia 8 de maio de 2001, aproximada- e mais esguio, seguiu a fêmea, acompanhando- mente às 9:00h, durante a fase escura, foram a sem qualquer interação física. Os lagartos se observados os mesmos espécimens de C. leiolepis, alternaram entre totalmente descobertos ou semi-enterrados, em movimentação vagarosa, totalmente encobertos pelo substrato, apresen- o macho atrás da fêmea. Vez por outra, perma- tando movimentos vagarosos (fig. 1A). Nas ser- neceram emparelhados. Uma hora após, esta- pentes, e nos lagartos forrageadores ativos, o vam alinhados, o macho não manteve a fêmea macho geralmente exibe um comportamento imobilizada com as maxilas, seu corpo perma- de procura pela fêmea (Pough et al., 1998). neceu em posição lateral, mas curvado (fig. 2F), Durante esta fase, mesmo nas espécies em que justapondo região cloacal contra região cloacal. os estímulos visuais estão presentes, estímulos Os movimentos da cauda do macho foram mais químicos (feromônios) podem ter importante ou menos intensos. As patas estiliformes raspa- 12 Comportamento de acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis A B C D Figura 1. Fases do comportamento de acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis. A. Segunda fase: o macho (exemplar menor) acompanha a fêmea com movimentos vagarosos, sem contato físico. B. Terceira fase: o macho se aproxima da fêmea, emparelhando-se com ela. C. Quarta fase: o macho imobiliza a fêmea, mordendo-a na região pós-cefálica. D. Quinta fase: o macho movimenta a cauda vigorosamente e inicia o posicionamento de sua região cloacal contra a região cloacal da fêmea. 13 Claudemir Duran Filho e Flávio de Barros Molina E F G H Figura 2. Fases do comportamento de acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis. E. Quinta fase: o macho pressiona sua região cloacal contra a região cloacal da fêmea; as patas estiliformes do macho raspam vigorosamente o corpo da fêmea que, em resposta, diminui seus movimentos. F. Sexta fase: o macho, mantendo a introdução de um hemipênis na cloaca da fêmea, movimenta a cauda e raspa as patas estiliformes contra o corpo da fêmea. G. Sexta fase: macho e fêmea podem permanecer com as cabeças voltadas para direções opostas; o macho continua movimentando a cauda e patas estiliformes. H. Sétima fase: macho e fêmea separam-se, deslocando-se vagarosamente. 14 Comportamento de acasalamento de Calyptommatus leiolepis ram contra o corpo da fêmea, que permaneceu Duran Filho, C., Cano, R. Y., & Molina, F. B. (2001). imóvel. O macho já introduzira um dos Os primeiros quinze meses de manutenção em hemipênis na fêmea. Enquanto mantiveram-se cativeiro de Calyptommatus spp. e Nothobachia unidos, os animais permaneceram, várias vezes, ablephara (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae) com observações sobre as taxas de sobrevivência. Ar- com a cabeça voltada para direções opostas (fig. quivos do Instituto Biológico, 68 (Supl. 1), 164. 2G), até que se soltaram definitivamente e se Gillingham, J. C. (1987). Social behavior. In R. A. afastaram com movimentos vagarosos (fig. 2H). Seigel, J. T. Collins, & S.
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