New State Record and Updated Geographic Distribution for the Little Known Psilophthalmus Paeminosus (Squamata
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New state record and updated geographic distribution for the little known Psilophthalmus paeminosus (Squamata...
Article in North-Western Journal of Zoology · June 2017
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Hans Thomassen Samuel Campos Gomides Federal University of Minas Gerais Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará
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Emanuel Teixeira da Silva Paulo Christiano de Anchieta Garcia Federal University of Minas Gerais Federal University of Minas Gerais
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mesopelagic and bathypelagic species from Mediterranean Sea Tortonese, E. (1986): Pomatomidae. pp. 812–813. In: Whitehead, (Strait of Messina, Italy). Scientina Marina 74: 605-612. P.J.P., Bauchot, M.L., Hureau, J.C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E. Bostanci, D. (2009): Otolith biometry-body length relationships in (eds), Fishes of the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: four fish species (chub, pikeperch, crucian carp, and common United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural carp). Journal of Freshwater Ecology 24: 619-624. Organization Press. Briggs, J.C. (1960): Fishes of world-wide (circumtropical) Treacy, S.D., Crawford, T.W. (1981): Retrieval of otoliths and distribution. Copeia 3: 171-180. statoliths from gastrointestinal contents and scats of marine Buckel, J. A., Sharack, B.L., Zdanowicz, V.S. (2004): Effect of diet on mammals. Journal of Wildlife Management 45: 990-993. otolith composition in Pomatomus saltatrix, an estuarine Turan, C., Oral, M., Öztürk, B., Duzgunes, E. (2006): Morphometric piscivore. Journal of Fish Biology 64: 1469-1484. and meristic variation between stocks of Bluefish (Pomatomus Cengiz, O., Ozekinci, U., Oztekin, A. (2012): The relationships saltatrix) in the Black, Marmara, Aegean and northeastern between total length-otolith length of bluefish, Pomatomus Mediterranean Seas. Fisheries Research 79: 139-147. saltatrix, (Linnaeus, 1766) from Gallipoli Peninsula and Villegas-Hernández, H., Lloret, J., Munoz, M. (2015): Reproduction, Dardanelles (North-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey). Journal of condition and abundance of the Mediterrenean bluefish the Institute of Science and Technology 2: 31-34. (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the context of sea warming. Fisheries Ceyhan, T., Akyol, O. (2006): Age distribution and relationship Oceanography 24: 42-56. between fork length and otolith length of bluefish (Pomatomus Yazicioğlu O., Yilmaz S., Erbaşaran M., Uğurlu S., Polat N. (2017): saltatrix L., 1766) in the Sea of Marmara. Ege University Journal Bony structure dimensions-fish length relationships of pike of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 23: 369-372. (Esox lucius L., 1758) in Lake Ladik (Samsun, Turkey). North- Ceyhan, T., Akyol, O., Ayaz, A., Juanes, F. (2007): Age, growth, and Western Journal of Zoology 13: e162401. reproductive season of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the Yilmaz, S., Yazicioglu, O., Saygin (Ayaydin), S., Polat, N. (2014): Marmara region, Turkey. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64: Relationships of otolith dimensions with body length of 531-536. european perch, Perca fluviatilis L., 1758 from Lake Ladik, Gordina, A.D., Klimova, T.N. (1996): On bluefish (Pomatomus Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 1231-1238. saltatrix L.) in the Black Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research 47: Zengin, M., Saygin, S., Polat, N. (2015): Otolith shape analyses and 315-318. dimensions of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. in the Black Hare, J.A., Cowen. R.K. (1994): Ontogeny and otolith and Marmara Seas. Sains Malaysiana 44: 657-662. microstructure of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces: Zorica, B., Snovčić, G., Čikeś Keč, V. (2010): Preliminary data on the Pomatomidae). Marine Biology 118: 541-550. study of otolith morphology of five pelagic fish species from the Hossucu, B., Kaya, M., Taşkavak, E. (1999): An investigation of Adriatic Sea (Croatia). Acta Adriatica 5: 89-96. growth parameters and otolith-total length relationship of Solea solea (L., 1758) (Pisces: Soleidae) in İzmir Bay. Israel Journal of Key words: commercial fish, sagitta, otolith length, Zoology 45: 277-287. otolith width, otolith weight Juanes, F., Hare, J.A., Miskiewicz, A.G. (1996): Comparing early life history strategies of Pomatomus saltatrix: a global approach. Marine and Freshwater Research 47: 365-379. Article No.: e162402 Olla, B.L., Studholme, A. L. (1972): Daily and seasonal rhythms of Received: 30. March 2016 / Accepted: 27. June 2016 activity in the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix. pp. 303-326. In: Available online: 27. July 2016 / Printed: June 2017 Winn, H.E., Olla, B.L. (eds), Behavior of Marine Animals: Recent Advances: Plenum Publishing Press. Ozdemir, S., Erdem, Y., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Erdem, E. (2009): Melek ZENGIN*, Semra SAYGIN Comparison of catch efficiency and size composıtıon of bluefısh and Nazmi POLAT (Pomatomus saltatrix, L.) fishing by bottom trawl in the Blacksea in October And November months. Erciyes University, Institute of Science 25: 400-408. Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Biology Robillard, E., Reiss, C.S., Jones, C.M. (2008): Reproductive biology Department, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the East Coast of the *Corresponding author, M. Zengin, Tel: +90 (0)362 312 19 19/5504, United States. Fisheries Research 90: 198-208. Fax: +90 362 457 60 81, E-mail: [email protected] Robillard, E., Reiss, C.S., Jones, C.M. (2009): Age-validation and growth of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the East Coast of the United States. Fisheries Research 95: 65-75. Salerno, D.J., Burnett, J., Ibara, R.M. (2001): Age, growth, maturity and spatial distribution of bluefish, (Pomatomus saltatrix L.), of New state record and updated the Northeast Coast of the United States, 1985-1996. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science 29: 31-39. geographic distribution for the little Sebastes, A., Martín, P., Raya, V. (2012): Changes in life-history known Psilophthalmus paeminosus traits in relation to climate change: bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in northwestern Mediterranean. ICES Journal of Marine Science (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) 69: 1000-1009. Sen, D., Aydin, R., Çatla, M. (2001): Relationships between fish Psilophthalmus is a monotypic gymnophthalmid length and otolith length in the population of Capoeta capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) inhabiting Hazar Lake, Elazığ, Turkey. genus represented by P. paeminosus Rodrigues, Archives of Polish Fisheries 9: 267-272. 1991. It is a small psammophilous lizard (SVL: Shepherd, G.R., Moser, J., Deuel, D., Carlsen, P. (2006): The 34.1mm to 38.1mm), usually found buried in migration patterns of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the Atlantic coast determined from tag recoveries. Fishery Bulletin sandy soils or under leaf litter, fallen trunks, cacti, 104: 559-570. bromeliads and other hideouts (Rodrigues 1991, Smith, W., Berrien, P., Potthoff, T. (1994): Spawning patterns of Delfim et al. 2006). Up to now it is reported only bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, in the northeast continental shelf ecosystem. Bulletin of Marine Science 54: 8-16. from four municipalities inserted in the Caatinga
172 North-Western Journal of Zoology 13(1) / 2017
Figure 2. Distribution map of Psilophthal- mus paeminosus, depicting biomes and main river watersheds. Black circles de- note literature records: 1. Vacaria [Rodri- gues (1996)]; 2. Paulo Afonso [Garda et al. (2013)] in Bahia state (BA); 3. Canindé do São Francisco [Delfim et al. (2006); in Ser- gipe state (SE); 4. Palmeiras [Freitas & Silva (2007)]; 5. Mucugê [Freitas et al. (2012)], in Bahia state); 6. Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas [Recoder & No- gueira, (2007)]. Black star represents the type locality in Santo Inácio [Rodrigues (1996)]; and the red circle denote the re- cords from this study in Minas Gerais state (MG).
biome (IBGE, 2004): Santo Inácio (type locality) als were outside the limits of the PEGM, but in its buffer and Vacaria, in the dune fields of the middle São area. The studied area lies between elevations ranging Francisco river, Bahia state (Rodrigues 1991); from 650 m a.s.l. in the lowlands of the Itacambiraçu river, to 1299 m a.s.l. in mountaintops of the Espinhaço Paulo Afonso, Bahia state (Garda et al. 2013) and range. Climate is markedly seasonal, with a rainy season Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe state (Delfim et from October to April. The vegetation of Grão Mogol is a al. 2006), both in the lower São Francisco valley. mosaic of arboreal savannah (Fig. 3), semi-deciduous for- Psilophthalmus paeminosus is classified as near est, “carrascos” (closed, tall-shrubby, xerophilous vegeta- threatened in the Brazilian list of threatened spe- tion on quartz sand soils), and predominantly “campos cies (MMA 2014) and as Vulnerable according to rupestres” (rupestrian grasslands, Pirani et al. 2003). For the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, because more information on evolution and ecology of “campos rupestres” see Silveira et al. 2015. We installed 13 lines of of its habitat-specialism and presumably narrow pitfall traps with drift fences; each grid comprised 10 30 L endemism (Nogueira 2013). In the present paper buckets, and eight meters of plastic fence between each we extend the geographic distribution of P. paemi- bucket (total length = 80 m each). We kept open all buck- nosus (Fig. 1) through its first record for the state ets during eleven days (total sampling = 264 hours). We of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil (Fig. 2). captured three specimens by traps (UFMG 2188, 2221, 2226) and one by active search hidden under the leaf litter (UFMG 2189). All specimens inhabited areas with sandy soil, sparse vegetation, available leaf litter and close to campo rupestre, see figure 3 for detailed information. We collected all specimens near the Itacambiraçu River, the main watercourse of the region and a tributary of Jequit- inhonha River basin (Fig. 2). We deposited the voucher specimens at Coleção Herpetológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte mu- nicipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio, li- cense number #42369-1) and Instituto Estadual de Flo-
restas (IEF, license number 004/2014) provided collecting Figure 1. A female (SVL 37.5 mm) Psilophthalmus paemino- permits. We described the morphological variation of col- sus (UFMG-2221) found at Parque Estadual de Grão lected specimens in Table 1. Mogol (-16.591117°, -42.961696°), State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found all individuals at 730 m a.s.l. occurring on its previously known type of habitat (i.e., sandy We collected four adult specimens of P. paeminosus during soils, Rodrigues 1991, Delfim et al. 2006). Up to a herpetofaunal survey between 16 and 22 of January now, all specimens of P. paeminosus have been re- 2014, in the protected reserve Parque Estadual de Grão corded close to the right bank of the São Francisco Mogol (PEGM) and its surroundings, municipality of River at a maximum distance of 70 km from the
Grão Mogol, northern state of Minas Gerais. All individu-
Correspondence –Notes 173
Figure 3. Environments where specimens of Psilophthalmus paeminosus were found at Parque Estadual de Grão Mogol, State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Clockwise from upper left: A - closed, tall- shrubby, xerophilous vegetation on quartz sand soil; B - arboreal savannah, typical of the Brazilian Cer- rado; C - open vegetation on sandy soil, with emphasis on the cactus Pilosocereus fulvilanatus; D - leaf- litter in arboreal savannah, with emphasis on the “palm cactus” Tacinga inamoena.
Table 1. Pholidosis and measurements (mm) of Psilophthalmus paeminosus, collected in county of Grão Mogol, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, in accordance with its description by Rodrigues (1991). VS = number of ventral scales; DS = number of dorsal scales; SAM = Scales around midbody; SC = number of supraciliary scales; SO = num- ber of supraocular scales; SL = number of supralabial scales; IL = number of infralabial scales; P = number of pores on each thigh; LI = number of infradigital lamellae; SVL = snout vent length. Coordinates given for Rodrigues (1991) are approximated, based on P. paeminosus type locality.
UFMG VS DS SAM SC SO SL IL P LI SVL Sex Coordinates UFMG 2221 25 37 20 3 2 7 5 0 17 37.5 F -16.591117° -42.961696° UFMG 2226 27 38 19 3 2 7 7 0 17 34.1 F -16.603000° -42.925933° UFMG 2189 25 37 17 3 2 7 7 5 16 38.1 M -16.591117° -42.961696° UFMG 2188 27 39 20 3 2 7 7 0 17 35.1 F -16.604000° -42.937950° Rodrigues (1991) 24, 25 36, 37 20, 21 3 2 7 7 4, 6 15, 17 35.1 -11.110696° -42.718339°
river. Our new record lies 600 km southward from gues 1996). However, in the past few years species the species’ closest record in Santo Inácio, Bahia, described from these dune fields and considered and at the right side of the São Francisco River, in restricted to the region have been recorded else- the Jequitinhonha River basin (Fig. 2). where. For instance, Procellosaurinus erythrocercus Rodrigues (1984a, b, 1991a,b,c) described sev- (Rodrigues 1991), another gymnophthalmid re- eral lizard species and genera for the Paleoquater- garded as a middle São Francisco River dune en- nary dune fields of the middle São Francisco demic, was found further north in the state of Pi- River, many of them considered endemic to the auí (Delfim et al. 2011). Similar to P. erythrocercus, Caatinga biome, including P. paeminosus. The fau- the gymnophtalmid genus Calyptommatus (Rodri- nal composition of these dune fields is markedly gues 1991a) was endemic to the São Francisco diverse with endemic fossorial and psammophi- dune fields until Rodrigues et al. (2001) described lous species distinct from adjacent areas (Rodri- Calyptommatus confusionibus, from the Parque Na-
174 North-Western Journal of Zoology 13(1) / 2017 cional Serra das Confusões, in the state of Piauí. al. 2013) shows how little we know about the Not a lizard, but also a psammophilous species, Caatinga faunal diversity. Therefore, new surveys the fossorial snake, Typhlops amoipira was consid- are important to complement knowledge of this ered endemic to the São francisco dune field until important biome, endemic to Brazil. it was found southwards at the State of Minas Gerais (Fernandes et al. 2010), and later eastwards Acknowledgments. We are gratefull to Fernando Leal, in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Alagoas Samantha Lee Oliveira, Carlos Abrahão, Julia Soares Parreiras, Mario R. Moura, Pedro Rocha and Claudiane (Brito & Freire 2012). Werneck for their help in fieldwork at Grão Mogol; Although the region of Grão Mogol is located Henrique Caldeira Costa for his valuable suggestions on a inside the limits of the Cerrado biome (according first draft of this manuscript; Centro Nacional de to IBGE 2004), it actually lies in a transition zone Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios (RAN) and between the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da biomes, evidenced by the complex and high di- Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for financial support concerning verse vegetation mosaic that characterizes the re- the PAN Herpetofauna do Espinhaço. SCG is grateful to CAPES for scholarship; ETS is grateful to CNPq for gion (Pirani et al. 2003). Indeed, some patches of scholarship. vegetation in Grão Mogol resemble that of the Caatinga, by the presence of several cacti and de- References ciduous shrub species (Pirani et al. 2003; Fig. 3). It Brito, P.S., Freire, E.M.X. (2012): New records and geographic distribution map of Typhlops amoipira Rodrigues and Juncá, 2002 is important to note that there seem to be two can- (Typhlopidae) in the Brazilian Rainforest. Check List 8(6): 1347– didate new species for the genus Psilophthalmus. 1349. The first recorded inside the Cerrado biome limits, Delfim, F.R., Gonçalves, E.M., Silva, S.T. (2006): Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Psilophthalmus paeminosus: distribution at the left side of the São Francisco River in the extension, new state record. Checklist 2(3): 89-92. Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas (Fig. 2), Delfim, F.R., Mesquita, D.O., Ferreira, H.F., Cavalcanti, L.B.Q. northwestern Minas Gerais (Recoder & Nogueira (2011): Procellosaurinus erythrocercus Rodrigues, 1991 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): Distribution extension. Check List 7(6): 2007). The other, inside the Caatinga biome limits, 856-858. recorded for the Chapada Diamantina (northern Fernandes, V.D., Moura, M.R., Dayrell, J.S., Santana, D.J., Lima, segment of the Serra do Espinhaço mountain L.H.R. (2010): Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes, Typhlopidae, Typhlops amoipira Rodrigues and Juncá, 2002: Range extension range) at municipality of Mucugê and Palmeiras, and new state record. Check List 6(2): 268-269. Bahia state (Freitas & Silva 2007 and Freitas et al. Freitas, M.A., Silva, T.F.S. (2007). A Herpetofauna das Caatingas e 2012). Freitas & Silva 2007 comment about speci- Áreas de Altitudes do Nordeste Brasileiro. Pelotas: USEB. 388pp. mens found on the Planalto de Conquista, Bahia Freitas, M.A., Veríssimo, D., Uhlig, V. (2012): Squamate Reptiles of state and northeastern region of Minas Gerais, the central Chapada Diamantina, with a focus on the however, without detailing specific municipalities municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Check List 8(1): 016-022. or locations. The area where these specimens were Garda, A.A., Costa, T.B., Silva, C.R.S., Mesquita, D.O., Faria, R.G., found also consists of sandy soils, the same habitat Conceição, B.M., Silva, I.R.S., Ferreira, A.S., Rocha, S.M., of P. paeminosus in Grão Mogol. However, taxo- Palmeira, C.N.S., Rodrigues, R., Ferrari, S.F., Torquato, S. (2013): Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga I: Raso da nomic studies are not available to ascertain if the Catarina Ecological Station (Bahia, Brazil). Check List 9(2): 405– specimens registered by Recoder & Nogueira 414. (2007) and Freitas & Silva (2007) are P. paeminosus IBGE – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2004): Mapa de Biomas do Brasil – primeira aproximação. or a different species.
Correspondence –Notes 175
Recoder, R., Nogueira, C. (2007): Composição e diversidade de First record of the eastern spadefoot répteis na região sul do Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica 7(3): 267-278. toad (Pelobates syriacus Boettger, 1889) Rodrigues, M.T. (1984a): Uma nova espécie brasileira de Tropidurus com crista dorsal (Sauria, Iguanidae). Papéis Avulsos de in Albania Zoologia 35(16): 169-175. Rodrigues, M.T. (1984b): Notobachia ablephara: novo gênero e espécie Albania has a rich herpetofauna with 58 species, do nordeste do Brasil (Sauria, Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35(28): 361-366. 16 known amphibians and 42 known reptiles Rodrigues, M.T. (1991a): Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio (Bruno 1989, Haxhiu 1994, 1998, Jablonski 2011). São Francisco: Bahia: Brasil: I. Introdução à área e descrição de Despite the diversity of the country, intensive re- um novo gênero de microteiídeos (Calyptommatus) com notas sobre sua ecologia, distribuição e especiação (Sauria, Teiidae). search and mapping of the distribution of its spe- Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 37(19): 285-320. cies are lacking (Sillero et al. 2014). To fill this gap, Rodrigues, M.T. (1991b): Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio we started to assemble the published and unpub- São Francisco: Bahia: Brasil: II. Psilophthalmus: um novo gênero de microteiídeos sem pálpebras (Sauria, Teiidae). Papéis lished records of the herpetofauna of Albania in a Avulsos de Zoologia 37(20): 321-327. geodatabase, which allows us to understand the Rodrigues, M.T. (1991c): Herpetofauna das dunas interiores do Rio geographic pattern of species distributions and São Francisco: Bahia: Brasil: III. Procellosaurinus: um novo gênero de microteiídeos sem pálpebras, com a redefinição do gênero diversity (Mizsei et al. 2017). Gymnophthalmus (Sauria, Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia Populations of P. syriacus are known from the 37(21): 329-342. central and south-eastern Balkan Peninsula, Tran- Rodrigues, M.T. (1996): Lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians from the Quaternary sand dunes of the middle rio São Francisco: scaucasia, northern Iran, Turkey and the Middle Bahia: Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 30(4): 513-523. East (Džukić et al. 2008, Budak & Göçmen 2008). Rodrigues, M.T., Zaher, H., Curcio, F. (2001): A new species of Although P. syriacus is included in a national lizard, gênus Calyptommatus, from the caatingas of the state of piaui, northeastern Brazil (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae). register on the fauna of Albania (Dhora 2010), we Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 41(28): 529-546. were unable to find any location data by review- Silveira, F.A.O., Negreiros, D., Barbosa, N.P.U., Buisson, E., Carmo, ing the literature. One reason for this is that the F.F., Carstensen, D. W., Conceição, A.A., Cornelissen, T.G., Echternacht, L., Fernandes, G.W., Garcia, Q.S., Guerra, T.J., register also includes species which live around Jacobi, C.M.,Lemos-Filho, J.P., Le Stradic, S., Morellato, L.P.C., transboundary lakes or rivers shared with Neves, F.S., Oliveira, R.S., Schaefer, C.E., Viana, P.L., Lambers, neighbouring countries. Bruno (1989) mentioned H. (2015): Ecology and evolution of plant diversity in the endangered campo rupestre: a neglected conservation priority. sightings of the species close to the Albanian bor- Plant Soil 403: 129-152. der in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace- donia on the shores of transboundary lakes Ohrid Key words: Psammophilous, Caatinga, Cerrado, Espin- and Prespa, but not in Albania. However, he pos- haço Range, biogeography. tulated that P. syriacus is present in Albania, and Article No.: e162504 we decided to search for the species based on his Received: 09. November 2015 / Accepted: 08. March 2016 suggestion. Available online: 30. March 2016 / Printed: June 2017 On 05 May 2015, we confirmed the presence of
P. syriacus within the borders of Albania near the Hans THOMASSEN1,*, village of Kallamas on the shore of Lake Prespa Samuel Campos GOMIDES1, (N40.89°, E20.93°, 841 m above sea level) (Fig. 1.). Emanuel Teixeira da SILVA1, We found the animal during visual surveys with Hugo B. A. PINTO2, Felipe S. F. LEITE3 torches at night at c. 22:00 pm, as it was moving in and Paulo C. A. GARCIA1 shallow water (~2 cm) in a grazed meadow with short grassy vegetation (~10 cm) flooded by the 1. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal de Minas lake. In a subsequent visit on 20 July 2015, we Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. found two additional individuals close to our first 2. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, observation. We heard the breeding calls of three Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e An- other amphibian species in May in the same habi- fíbios-RAN, 74605090, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. 3. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus Florestal, Florestal, Ro- tat, the green toad (Bufotes viridis), the green tree- dovia LMG 818, km 06, 35690-000, MG, Brazil. frog (Hyla arborea) and the marsh frog (Pelophylax * Corresponding author, H. Thomassen, Email: ridibundus). However, we did not hear the calling [email protected] of P. syriacus. Nevertheless, we assume that the lake itself serves as a breeding site due to the scar- city of other wetlands suitable for reproduction in the vicinity of the new locality.
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