Poster Print Pre-aspiration, sonorant devoicing, Change Color Size: and the sonority hierarchy Theme: This poster template This template is is 21” high by 45” designed to use the wide and is printed Míša Hejná built-in color themes in at 200% for a 42” the newer versions of high by 90” wide Newcastle University [email protected] PowerPoint. poster. It can be To change the color used to print any poster with a 7:15 theme, select the aspect ratio. Design tab, then select Main findings Defining pre-aspiration Defining sonorant devoicing Data the Colors drop-down list. Placeholde This study suggests that Narrow sense of the term used Corresponds to pre-aspiraon: a Wordlist data rs: here: a period of voiceless fricon period of voiceless fricon following - foot-medial fors plosives (P) 1. pre-aspiraon and sonorant following a vowel and preceding a a consonantal sonorant and - /p/, /t/, /k/ The various elements devoicing are one phenomenon in voiceless plosive: preceding a voiceless plosive: included in this poster Welsh English - preceded by vocalic sonorants are ones we oen see - /ɪ/ e.g. lier in medical, research, 2. they differ in what types of - /a/ e.g. laer and scienfic posters. segments they affect rather than in ɛ/ Feel free to edit, move, - / e.g. leer having inherently different - /ɒ/ e.g. oer add, and delete items, or change the layout to properes; these segments however - /aː/ e.g. party suit your needs. Always do have different properes and can also have various funcons, which check with your Figure 1: segmentaon procedure showing the Figure 2: segmentaon procedure showing the - as well as consonantal sonorants The default color conference organizer may in turn affect pre-aspiraon in voiceless pre-aspiraon and the voiced breathy voiceless pre-aspiraon and the voiced breathy - /n, m, ŋ/ e.g. linter; haunter theme for this different ways in different transion within a VP sequence (P = plosive). transion within a VRP sequence (R = consonantal for specific sonorant, P = plosive). - (/r/ e.g. party) template is “Office”, so requirements. environments - /l/ e.g. Hilton you can always return to that aer trying Pre-aspiration and sonorant devoicing in Welsh English Image 3. sonorant devoicing implies pre- - V+P (plosive) = 511 tokens some of the aspiraon, but not the other way alternaves. PATTERN 1 - V+N (nasal) = 437 tokens Quality: round - V+/l/ = 473 tokens - pre-aspiraon most frequent – VP (& V/r/ >) V/l/ > VN (p < 0.05-0.0001) You can place digital Prinng Your - 15 speakers - V+/r/ = 15 tokens photos or logo art in Why these patterns? à - sonorant devoicing implies pre-aspiraon Poster: your poster file by Speakers selecng the Insert, Why are nasals most frequently Once your poster file is lagging behind, and vowels most Picture command, or by - 28 speakers of Welsh English ready, visit frequently leading? using standard copy & - also L1 Welsh speakers www.genigraphics.co Contrast preservaon? paste. For best results, - South Wales, mid-Wales, North m to order a high- all graphic elements Wales quality, affordable should be at least - pre-aspiraon may develop as an poster print. Every ancipatory gesture (supported by 150-200 pixels per inch Typological perspective? order receives a free in their final printed the condioning of pre-aspiraon design review and we size. For instance, a and post-aspiraon [1; 2; 3]) Languages reported to have can deliver as fast as 1600 x 1200 pixel photo - this could start foot-finally pre- Figure 3 (le): pre-aspiraon frequency strictly condioned by the sonority hierarchy (1 speaker representave of next business day 15). sonorant devoicing also tend to will usually look fine up pausally, where burst properes within the US and Figure 4 (right): an example of another paern, which doesn’t strictly follow the hierarchy. have pre-aspiraon: to 8“-10” wide on your may not be as audible as when a Canada. printed poster. Southern Icelandic, Tórshavn voiced segment follows [4; 5: 593] PATTERN 2 Faroese, Scosh Gaelic, Saami Genigraphics® has - pre-aspiraon could enhance the To preview the print - pre-aspiraon most frequent – V/l/ > VP > VN (p < 0.01-0.0001) languages [8: 17; 10; 11], Sienese been producing output quality of images, select place contrast - 8 speakers Italian [9] from PowerPoint® a magnificaon of 100% longer than anyone in when previewing your - NP’s show assimilaon in place: PATTERN 3 Sonorant devoicing implies pre- the industry; dang poster. This will give back to when we /mp/, /nt/, /ŋk/ - VP > VN > V/l/ aspiraon in Welsh English you a good idea of what helped Microso® - sonorant devoicing may lead to - 2 speakers it will look like in print. obscuring the place of arculaon design the T [Vht] lier > T [Vnnt] ̥ linter If you are laying out a [1: 232] 1 2 PowerPoint® soware. large poster and using PATTERN 4 - or even the manner? US and Canada: half-scale dimensions, - 100% applicaon across all sonority contexts QUESTION: 1-800-790-4001 be sure to preview your Why are consonantal liquids - 3 speakers Does sonorant devoicing/ Email: graphics at 200% to see variably leading over vowels? consonantal sonorant pre- [email protected] them at their final - variability of liquids could be due Other conditioning aspiraon occur aer vocalic m printed size. to variability in vocalisaon and sonorant pre-aspiraon develops in Please note that tongue contact area variaon but pre-aspiraon in VP sequences (lier) the languages menoned? [This sidebar area does not graphics from websites also ê - less frequent with high vowels (laer > leer > lier) (p < 0.0001) print.] (such as the logo on - less frequent with long vowels (laen vs tartan) (p < 0.0001) Consonantal conditioning à your hospital's or - less frequent with anterior plosive (/p/ < /t, k/) (p < 0.0001) Possible problem: university's home page) - females pre-aspirate more frequently (p < 0.0001) - Sienese Italian [9] Why is /t/ associated with most pre- will only be 72dpi and - VT (48%); /lt/ (85%) aspiraon across the contexts? not suitable for pre-aspiraon in V/l/P sequences (Milton) - /t/’s are heavily affricated [6] prinng. - less frequent with anterior plosive (/p/ < /k/ < /t/) (p < 0.001-0.0001) - this leads to a longer and greater but contact area [7] of the tongue pre-aspiraon in VNP sequences (linter) [This sidebar area does not - 60 tokens for 6 speakers in total print.] with the palate - no condioning found References 1. Ohala, J.; Ohala, M. 1993. “The phonecs of nasal phonology: theorems and data”. Phonecs and Phonology 5, Nasals, Nasalisaon, and the Velum. 225-49. 2. Ní Chasaide, A.; Gobl, C. 1993. “Contextual variaon of the vowel voice source as a funcon of adjacent consonants”. Language and Speech 36 (2, 3). 303-30. 3. Hejná, M. 2015. Pre-aspiraon in Welsh English. PhD thesis, University of Manchester. 4. Kingston, J. 1990. “Arculatory Binding”. Papers in Laboratory Phonology I. Between the Grammar and the Physics of Speech. 406-34. 5. Silverman, D. 2003. “On the rarity of pre-aspirated stops”. Journal of Linguiscs 39, 3: 575-98. 6. Hejná, M. Submied. “Mulplicity of the acousc correlates of the fors-lenis contrast: plosives in Aberystwyth English”. 7. Cho, T.; Ladefoged, P. 1999. “Variaon and universals in VOT: evidence from 18 languages”. Journal of Phonecs 27: 207-29. 8. Helgason, P. 2002. Preaspiraon in the Nordic Languages. Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects. PhD thesis, Stockholm University. 9. Stevens, M.; Hajek, J. 2004. “How pervasive is preaspiraon? Invesgang sonorant devoicing in Sienese Italian”. Proceedings of the 10th Australian Internaonal Conference on Speech Science and Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney. 334-9. 10. Helgason, P. 1999. “Preaspiraon and sonorant devoicing in the Gräsö dialect: preliminary findings”. Proceedings from the 12th Swedish Phonecs Conference, Gothenburg University. 77-80. 11. Bombien, L. 2006. “Voicing alteraons in Icelandic sonorants – a photogloographic and acousc analysis”. AIPUK 37: 63-82.