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Sonorant Voicing Specification in Phonetic, Phonological and Articulatory Context

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Sonorant Voicing Specification in Phonetic, Phonological and Articulatory Context Sonorant voicing specification in phonetic, phonological and articulatory context Von der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Universität Stuttgart zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) genehmigte Abhandlung Vorgelegt von Jagoda Bruni (geb. Sieczkowska) aus Toruń Hauptberichter: Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Dogil Mitberichter: Prof. Dr. Bernd Möbius Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 09.05.2011 Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung der Universität Stuttgart 2011 Selbständigkeitserklärung Ich erkläre hermit, daß ich unter Verwendung der im Literaturverzeichnis aufgeführten Quellen und unter fachlicher Betreuung diese Dissertation selbständig verfaßt habe. Jagoda Bruni 2 | P a g e Table of Contents Ackowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Summary 7 Zusammenfasung 10 Chapter 1 Introduction 17 1.1 Motivation ...................................................................................................................................... 21 1.2 Background .................................................................................................................................... 23 1.2.1 Speech production, phonation and tube models ............................................................................. 24 1.2.2 Articulation of the vocal folds and its quantal effects in acoustics ................................................. 30 1.2.3 Voicing and Optimality Theory ..................................................................................................... 32 1.2.4 Features [voice] and [spread glottis] ............................................................................................... 35 1.2.5 Voice Onset Time ............................................................................................................................ 43 1.3 Contrasting features in Polish, French, German and English sonorants .......................................... 46 1.3.1 Polish sonorants ............................................................................................................................... 49 1.3.2 French sonorants ............................................................................................................................. 51 1.3.3 German sonorants ............................................................................................................................ 53 1.3.4 English sonorants ............................................................................................................................ 56 1.4 Exemplar Theory and Specification in Context .............................................................................. 58 1.4.1 Exemplar-based models, frequency and context effects ................................................................. 59 1.4.2 Context specification ....................................................................................................................... 63 1.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 63 Chapter 2 Methodology 65 2.1 Databases ......................................................................................................................................... 65 2.1.1 German ............................................................................................................................................ 65 2.1.2 Polish ............................................................................................................................................... 66 2.1.3 French .............................................................................................................................................. 67 2.1.4 American English ............................................................................................................................ 68 2.2 Feature extraction and analysis ....................................................................................................... 69 2.2.1 Speech processing and voicing profiles .......................................................................................... 70 2.2.1.1 Computing issues ............................................................................................................................ 70 2.2.1.2 Festival utterances ........................................................................................................................... 72 2.2.1.3 Voicing Profiles ............................................................................................................................... 74 2.2.2 Extraction of the liquids .................................................................................................................. 75 2.2.3 Statistical analysis ........................................................................................................................... 76 2.3 Predictions ........................................................................................................................................ 76 3 | P a g e Chapter 3 Results 79 3.1 German ........................................................................................................................................... 79 3.2 Polish .............................................................................................................................................. 81 3.3 American English ........................................................................................................................... 84 3.3.1 Laboratory news database ............................................................................................................ 84 3.3.2 Radio news corpus ......................................................................................................................... 87 3.4 French ............................................................................................................................................. 89 Chapter 4 Exemplar Theory and Language Transfer 92 4.1 Exemplar Transfer ........................................................................................................................... 92 4.1.1 Language experience and categorization of speech events ............................................................. 92 4.1.2 Facilitation and competition ............................................................................................................. 95 4.2. Cross-linguistic category learning ................................................................................................... 96 4.2.1 Context Sequence Model ................................................................................................................. 96 4.2.2 Cross linguistic influences in second and third language acquisition............................................. 100 4.2.3 Production-perception loop ........................................................................................................... 103 4.3. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 109 Chapter 5 Gestural coordination of Polish obstruent-sonorant clusters 111 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 111 5.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 113 5.2.1 EMA .............................................................................................................................................. 113 5.2.1.1 Measurements ................................................................................................................................ 115 5.2.2 Voicing Profiles ............................................................................................................................. 116 5.2.3 Hypothesis ..................................................................................................................................... 117 5.3 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 118 5.3.1 Voicing Profiles.............................................................................................................................. 118 5.3.2 Articulatory Profiles ...................................................................................................................... 126 5.3.2.1 Gestural coordination of C2 .......................................................................................................... 126 5.3.2.2 Gestural coordination between C1 and C2 .................................................................................... 127 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Discussion 134 6.1 Voicing Profiles ........................................................................................................................... 134 6.2 Articulatory Strenghtening ........................................................................................................... 138 6.3 Feature [voice] and context specification ..................................................................................... 144 6.4 Articulatory Profiles ..................................................................................................................... 148
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