(v11.02) Phonological Features Chart Coronal Palatal Non-coronal (Sonorant Consonants)
diacritic Obstruents Obstruents Obstruents Laryngeals Affricates Nasals & Liquids Glides Vowels
examples [+cons, -son, +cor] [+cor + dors] [+cons, -son, -cor] [-cons,-son] [+cons,-son -/+cont] [+cons,+son] [-cons, +son] [-cons, +son] t' th t t d s z c p b f v k x q h t d ts dz kx pf m n l r j w i u e o a æ y ø œ cons + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++++++++++++++ - --cons +++++ + + + + ++++++++ ------cons son ------son ------+ + + ++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++ son Class features syll ------syll ------++++++++++++++++ syll labial ------+ + ++++------lab ----- + + ------+ +++ ++++++++++++++++ lab round 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------0000000000000 rnd 00000 - - 0 0 0000000 - ++- --++--++- -+++-++ rnd coronal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ------cor ++++- - - + - +--+-++------cor ant + + + + + + + + + + + ------0 0 00000000000000000 ant --++ 0 0 0 + 0 - 00+ 0 + + 00000 0000000000000000 ant dist - - + ------+ + + + + + 0 0 00000000000000000 dist ++ - - 0 0 0 - 0 - 00- 0 - - 00000 0000000000000000 dist dorsal ------+ + + + ------++++++++----- dor ++ - -+ - - - + +++-+--+++++ ++++++++++++++++ dor high 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + + + 0 0 0000 ++++- ---00000high ++0 0 + 0 0 0 + -+-0 + 0 0 -++++ ++++------++---+ high low 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 00000 low 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ------++------low Place features ------back 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 0000 ++++++++00000back --0 0 + 0 0 0 + --+0 - 0 0 +-+-+ --++--++------++ back tense 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0 0 0000 ------00000tense --0 0 - 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - 0 0 - - - - - +-+-+-+--++-+--+ tense pharyngeal ------++ - - - phar ------++++++++++++++++ phar ATR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000- - 0 00 ATR 00000 0 0 0 0 000000000000+-+-+-+---+-+--- ATR voice - - - - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -+-+-+-+-+-+---+- voi -+-+- - + + + ++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++ voi SG - + - - - - - + ------+ +- SG ------SG Laryngeal Laryngeal features CG + ------+ CG ------CG cont - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - ++++--++- -++++++- cont ± ± ± ± ± ± ------+++++++++ ++++++++++++++++ cont strident - - - - - + + ------++------strid ++++- + ------strid lateral ------+ + ------lat ------++------lat Manner features del rel ------d rel +++++ + ------d rel nasal ------nasal ------+ + + +++------nasal
Variants More Sounds Feature Geometry Front Central Back [+front –back] [–front –back] [–front +back] Place and s = bilabial click (prosodic) Manner of Skeleton: C,V High i y [+tense]
Velar = | dental click ˆ ¨ μ u Labial Dental c t Articulation Palatal Uvular Glottal Alveolar
Retroflex [+ high –low] Pharyngeal
Labiodental Root Tier: [consonantal] Postalveolar y = j ! (post) alveolar click I Y U [–tense] [sonorant]
Plosive r = palato-alveolar click Root-linked e [+tense] p b t d c k q O P F o Tiers: [cont] j = alveolar lateral click Mid Nasal [lat] [–high –low] ´ m n N c = ts alveolar lateral flap [nas] [–tense] E ø Œ ç Trill B r = simultaneous and x Laryngeal LAR l [+tense] Tier: = voiced labio-palatal approximate Low Q å Tap/Flap z [voi] [SG] [CG] [–high +low] [–tense] = voiceless epiglottal fricative a Ø A Å j d Place Tier: [-rnd] [+rnd] [-rnd] [+rnd] [-rnd] [+rnd] Fricative f v s z . x h J PLACE voiced epiglottal fricative = u y
Lateral = [-voi] alveolo-palatal fricative [labial] [coronal] [dorsal] [phar] Fricative Z o œ DIACRITICS SUPRASEGMENTALS [round] [ant] [dist] [hi] [low] [bk] [ATR] = voiced alveolo-palatal fricative Approximant j a voiceless n d breathy voice b a primary stress Lateral voiced s t creaky voiced b a secondary stress Approximant l L Vocal Tract aspirated t d linguolabial t d long half long labial + + ------ coronal - - + + + + + - - - - palate more rounded labialized t d extra short velum dorsal - - - - - + + + + - - less rounded palatalized t d minor (foot) group pharyngeal ------+ - nasal cavity alveolar uvula ridge advanced u velarized t d major (intonation) group oral cavity soft palate nasal pharynx SONORITY SCALE (varies somewhat across languages) tongue lips teeth trachea syllable break pharynx retracted e pharyngealized t d . oral 6 stops & larynx pharyngeal pharynx TONES AND WORD ACCENTS 1 vowels 2 glides 3 liquids 4 nasals 5 fricatives wall dental t d nasalized e affricates trachea epiglottis laryngeal apical t d nasal release d e extra high rising +syllabic − syllabic pharynx − consonantal + consonantal bronchi laminal t d lateral release d e high falling Adam’s apple +approximant − approximant esophagus centralized e no audible release e mid hi rising lung lung larynx + sonorant − sonorant vocal folds md-centralized e velar or pharyngeal l e low low rising + continuant [ -cont] [± cont] − continuant syllabic n ATR e RTR e e extra low rise fall Jason Riggle – University of Chicago NOTES • though nasals are specified [-cont] due to obstruction of the oral cavity, nasal airflow makes them more sonorous than stops version 11.02, February 2011 non-syllabic e lowered e ↓ downstep global rise • the vowel [a] is central (not front, as in some charts) because it can participate in a 3-way color contrast: [æ] vs. [a] vs. [] comments/corrections: [email protected] • this feature system is 3-valued with 0 = unspecified (assumed to be obligatory for place features whose mother’s value is ‘-’) rhoticity raised e ↑ upstep global fall