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A Brief History of the Russian Spectrum Demoscene
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN Allegedly, engineers from the Ukrainian city Lvov, were the first to succeed with this challenge and built a working machine SPECTRUM DEMOSCENE in August 1985. Their own designed schematics became very BY ELFH OF INWARD AND CYBERPUNKS UNITY valuable information, so they could trade it to the researchers in other cities for knowledge on other topics. Still, this remained Relations between Soviet Russia and computers were always nents – more than 200 to be precise. This fact complicated the unknown to the wider public and only a limited amount of peo- a bit obscure, especially when it comes to foreign models that possibility for average Radio readers to build the “Micro-80”, ple actually knew about the existence of a cheap home com- were not officially imported here. But, if one wants to trace the because a lot of elements were hard to find in normal stores, puter with colourful graphics, which any Radio amateur could roots of the Russian demoscene, especially on the Spectrum, and in most cases could only be found on the black market. easily build at home. For example, in 1986 “Radio” magazine you must dig deep into the 1980’s, when the first generation of was still publishing the schematics of the Radio-86RK compu- radio amateurs built their first machines themselves. ter, which consisted of 29 parts, but had only a black and white A LOT OF ELEMENTS WERE HARD text mode display. CONTRABAND COMPUTERS TO FIND IN NORMAL STORES, ONLY The main role in this development was played by a very popu- ON THE BLACK MARKET Despite this, it first became a very popular machine in Rus- lar magazine named “Radio”, which gathered a lot of talented sia. -
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It the Harvard Community Has
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Accessed February 18, 2015 9:54:33 PM EST Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Developing for the ZX-Uno
MANUAL Author: Manu (April 2016) Last major revision: Uto (July 2016) Last minor revision: 1024MAK (September 2016) Send your feedback to @uto_dev o utodev en gmail.com DISCLAIMER: PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ANY INFORMATION YOU MAY FIND IN THIS MANUAL MAY BE INACCURATE, MISLEADING AND EVEN DANGEROUS. USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK. THIS MANUAL IS NOT ENDORSED OR RELATED WITH THE ZX-UNO TEAM. Contents Part I - Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 What is the ZX-Uno? ............................................................................................................. 4 Fast setup ............................................................................................................................... 5 Preparing the SD card ............................................................................................................ 8 Loading games ....................................................................................................................... 8 Compatibility issues ............................................................................................................... 8 Part II – Technical Guide ...................................................................................................... 10 Connections and peripherals ................................................................................................ 10 TV or display unit ........................................................................................................... -
Jonathan Zittrain's “The Future of the Internet: and How to Stop
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Buses Start Rolling
7 Long Form 8 International 14 Sport The curse of S Sudan sends more Five-star Bayern the two-thirds troops to retake win Club World ashpoint town Cup Poush 9, 1420 Safar 19, 1435 Regd. No. DA 6238 Vol 1 No 269 MONDAY, DECEMBER 23, 2013 www.dhakatribune.com SECOND EDITION 20 pages | Price: Tk10 More buses start rolling Army, joint forces providing support to vehicular movement n Mohammad Jamil Khan and safer, hearing that the police are giving Abu Hayat Mahmud security and the army are patrolling the streets.” The ow of vehicles on highways and A nine-member monitoring cell has the capital’s streets returned to almost been formed to ensure smooth bus normal yesterday, the second day of transit under Deputy Inspector General the opposition’s 83-hour blockade pro- of Highway Police Asaduzzaman. The gramme. team will instruct local administrations An increased number of intercity accordingly in case of any emergency. and intra-city passenger buses were Private bus services and that seen operating on the streets and high- of the Bangladesh Road Transport ways under police protection. Corporation will start operating from Army was also seen providing secu- today across the country except a rity and guidance for smooth vehicular few districts such as Bogra, Rajshahi movement in some places, including and Sirajganj. BRTC Chairman Jashim Jatrabari in the capital and Mirersarai Uddin Khan told the Dhaka Tribune that in Chittagong. the corporation had made the decision Transport workers, however, at a meeting of the communication said the presence of passengers had ministry. -
Paradigm Shift: How the Evolution of Two Generations of Home
PARADIGM SHIFT: HOW THE EVOLUTION OF TWO GENERATIONS OF HOME CONSOLES, ARCADES, AND COMPUTERS INFLUENCED AMERICAN CULTURE, 1985-1995 By Jason Terence Wiley A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY University of Central Oklahoma Spring, 2016 iii Abstract Author: Jason Terence Wiley Thesis Chair: Dr. Patricia Loughlin Title of Thesis: Paradigm Shift: How the Evolution of Two Generations of Home Consoles, Arcades, and Computers Influenced American Culture, 1985-1995 Abstract: As of 2016, unlike many popular media forms found here in the United States, video games possess a unique influence, one that gained its own a large widespread appeal, but also its own distinct cultural identity created by millions of fans both here stateside and across the planet. Yet, despite its significant contributions, outside of the gaming’s arcade golden age of the early 1980s, the history of gaming post Atari shock goes rather unrepresented as many historians simply refuse to discuss the topic for trivial reasons thus leaving a rather noticeable gap within the overall history. One such important aspect not covered by the majority of the scholarship and the primary focus of thesis argues that the history of early modern video games in the North American market did not originate during the age of Atari in the 1970s and early 1980s. Instead, the real genesis of today’s market and popular gaming culture began with the creation and establishment of the third and fourth generation of video games, which firmly solidified gaming as both a multi-billion dollar industry and as an accepted form of entertainment in the United States. -
Using History to Teach Computer Science and Related Disciplines
Computing Research Association Using History T o T eachComputer Science and Related Disciplines Using History To Teach Computer Science and Related Disciplines Edited by Atsushi Akera 1100 17th Street, NW, Suite 507 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Washington, DC 20036-4632 E-mail: [email protected] William Aspray Tel: 202-234-2111 Indiana University—Bloomington Fax: 202-667-1066 URL: http://www.cra.org The workshops and this report were made possible by the generous support of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation (Award DUE- 0111938, Principal Investigator William Aspray). Requests for copies can be made by e-mailing [email protected]. Copyright 2004 by the Computing Research Association. Permission is granted to reproduce the con- tents, provided that such reproduction is not for profit and credit is given to the source. Table of Contents I. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………. 1 1. Using History to Teach Computer Science and Related Disciplines ............................ 1 William Aspray and Atsushi Akera 2. The History of Computing: An Introduction for the Computer Scientist ……………….. 5 Thomas Haigh II. Curricular Issues and Strategies …………………………………………………… 27 3. The Challenge of Introducing History into a Computer Science Curriculum ………... 27 Paul E. Ceruzzi 4. History in the Computer Science Curriculum …………………………………………… 33 J.A.N. Lee 5. Using History in a Social Informatics Curriculum ....................................................... 39 William Aspray 6. Introducing Humanistic Content to Information Technology Students ……………….. 61 Atsushi Akera and Kim Fortun 7. The Synergy between Mathematical History and Education …………………………. 85 Thomas Drucker 8. Computing for the Humanities and Social Sciences …………………………………... 89 Nathan L. Ensmenger III. Specific Courses and Syllabi ………………………………………....................... 95 Course Descriptions & Syllabi 9. -
ZXF08.Pdf Download
08 Spectrum computing today www.cwoodcock.co.uk/zxf PRICE LIST (prices checked 20 April 2004) New: PC-PSU with supply for 2 Floppies and MB02 36,00 € MB02-Printerlead 13,00 € Proface AT Extern (Interface for connecting PC-Keyboards to Spectrum) 69,00 € KS Proface AT Intern (internal interface) 62,00 € KS Melodik AY-Soundbox (unboxed) 24,00 € KS +2 Cassette recorder 36,00 € Floppy Disc drive (1,86 with MB02, 720k with Opus, 780k with +D) Please specify 24,00 € PSU for +2A/B and +3 or PSUl for +2 (also 48k and 128k) Please specify 29,00 € FDD lead for 2 drives 4,00 € Multiface 128 (works also on 48k Spectrums 26,00 € Dust Cover 48k+/128k 8,00 € Plus 3 Tapelead 9,90 € Normal Tapelead 3,00 € Spectrum +2 Lightpen 36,00 € Spectrum +3 Lightpen 27,00 € Phaser Gun with Software (Tape or +3) 19,00 € SCART-Monitor cable (choose for 128k/+2 or +2A/+3) 25,00 € VGA-BOX (connect Spectrum 128/+2 to VGA monitor) 49,00 € VGA-BOX Multi purpose (Connect any PC monitor to Spectrum 128/+2) 79,00 € +3 drive belt 2,00 € Silver paper for ZX Printer 5,00 € Keyboard membrane 48k 11,00 € Keyboard membrane Spectrum +/128k, new quality, not aging 21,00 € Spectrum keyword stickers 8,00 € Used: Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128k, complete with all cables 129,00 € Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2, complete with all cables 79,00 € Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2A, complete with all cables 69,00 € Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3, built in 3'' drive, complete with all cables 99,00 € Sinclair Spectrum 48k (Gummy), complete with all cables + Introduction Tape 64,00 € Sinclair Spectrum 48k +, complete with all cables + Introduction Tape 64,00 € +3 Drive (tested) 29,00 € Interface I 69,00 € Microdrive 25,00 € Wafadrive 39,00 € Opus Discovery Diskinterface with 1 x 720k Drive (new ROM) 119,00 € Joystick interface 1-Port 3,00 € 2-Port 11,00 € Joystick (many different) 2,50 € Sinclair SJS-Joystick (+2/+3) 6,00 € Consumables: Microdrive Cartridges (ex-software) 3,50 € Wafadrive Cartridges 16K= 7,00 €, 32K= 7,50 € Also we have a lot of Software offers and books. -
1900 (Parents: 769, Clones: 1131)
Supported systems: 1900 (parents: 769, clones: 1131) Description [ ] Name [ ] Parent [ ] Year [ ] Manufacturer [ ] Sourcefile [ ] 1200 Micro Computer shmc1200 studio2 1978 Sheen studio2.c (Australia) 1292 Advanced Programmable Video 1292apvs 1976 Radofin vc4000.c System 1392 Advanced Programmable Video 1392apvs 1292apvs 1976 Radofin vc4000.c System 15IE-00-013 ie15 1980 USSR ie15.c 286i k286i ibm5170 1985 Kaypro at.c 3B1 3b1 1985 AT&T unixpc.c 3DO (NTSC) 3do 1991 The 3DO Company 3do.c 3DO (PAL) 3do_pal 3do 1991 The 3DO Company 3do.c 3DO M2 3do_m2 199? 3DO konamim2.c 4004 Nixie Clock 4004clk 2008 John L. Weinrich 4004clk.c 486-PIO-2 ficpio2 ibm5170 1995 FIC at.c 4D/PI (R2000, 20MHz) sgi_ip6 1988 Silicon Graphics Inc sgi_ip6.c 6809 Portable d6809 1983 Dunfield d6809.c 68k Single Board 68ksbc 2002 Ichit Sirichote 68ksbc.c Computer 79152pc m79152pc ???? Mera-Elzab m79152pc.c 800 Junior elwro800 1986 Elwro elwro800.c 9016 Telespiel mtc9016 studio2 1978 Mustang studio2.c Computer (Germany) A5120 a5120 1982 VEB Robotron a51xx.c A5130 a5130 a5120 1983 VEB Robotron a51xx.c A7150 a7150 1986 VEB Robotron a7150.c Aamber Pegasus pegasus 1981 Technosys pegasus.c Aamber Pegasus with pegasusm pegasus 1981 Technosys pegasus.c RAM expansion unit ABC 1600 abc1600 1985 Luxor abc1600.c ABC 80 abc80 1978 Luxor Datorer AB abc80.c ABC 800 C/HR abc800c 1981 Luxor Datorer AB abc80x.c ABC 800 M/HR abc800m abc800c 1981 Luxor Datorer AB abc80x.c ABC 802 abc802 1983 Luxor Datorer AB abc80x.c ABC 806 abc806 1983 Luxor Datorer AB abc80x.c Acorn Electron electron 1983 -
Lnxcopy a Copy Program for the ZX Spectrum in the 21St Century
LnxCopy a copy program for the ZX Spectrum in the 21st century User Manual Version 1.2 LnxCopy www.ilnx.cz © 2021 Lanex Programming: Lanex Design: Lanex Ideas: Lanex, SCjoe Manual: SCjoe Support: LMN128 (MB03+, eLeMeNt ZX), lordcoxis (esxDOS v0.8.8 2 LnxCopy v1.2 – User Manual Dear users and friends of the 8-bit ZX Spectrum computer! The program LnxCopy was developed with the intention of archiving software for ZX Spectrum and compatible computers and transferring recordings from old tapes to modern storage media, to help to preserve programs and data for future generations. I believe that this program will be an inspiration, also by how it uses the modern MB03+ interface and modern operating system (the esxDOS), memory expansion of your ZX Spectrum and other interfaces, color palette and how it works with files on memory cards directly readable on current PCs. LnxCopy connects the past and the future. In version 1.1, I improved a comfort for recordings jobs and added intelligent handling of extensions. Version 1.2 can be run on a new ZX Spectrum with the eLeMeNt ZX motherboard, which has the same author as the MB03+ interface. The program can be further developed. For example, I can teach it to process trickly stored tape data. I look forward to your comments, recommendations and wishes on https://oldcomp.cz in the section „ZX Spectrum software“ or by e-mail [email protected] Lanex LnxCopy v1.2 – User Manual ! LnxCopy is a modern copier, simple file manager and tape archives editor. This program allows you to do operations on your 8-bit computer that were previously a domain of more powerful PCs. -
Discovering Eastern European Pcs by Hacking Them. Today
Discovering Eastern European PCs by hacking them. Today Stefano Bodrato, Fabrizio Caruso, Giovanni A. Cignoni Progetto HMR, Pisa, Italy {stefano.bodrato, fabrizio.caruso, giovanni.cignoni}@progettohmr.it Abstract. Computer science would not be the same without personal comput- ers. In the West the so called PC revolution started in the late ’70s and has its roots in hobbyists and do-it-yourself clubs. In the following years the diffusion of home and personal computers has made the discipline closer to many people. A bit later, to a lesser extent, yet in a similar way, the revolution took place also in East European countries. Today, the scenario of personal computing has completely changed, however the computers of the ’80s are still objects of fas- cination for a number of retrocomputing fans who enjoy using, programming and hacking the old “8-bits”. The paper highlights the continuity between yesterday’s hobbyists and today’s retrocomputing enthusiasts, particularly focusing on East European PCs. Be- sides the preservation of old hardware and software, the community is engaged in the development of emulators and cross compilers. Such tools can be used for historical investigation, for example to trace the origins of the BASIC inter- preters loaded in the ROMs of East European PCs. Keywords: 8-bit computers, emulators, software development tools, retrocom- puting communities, hacking. 1 Introduction The diffusion of home and personal computers has made information technology and computer science closer to many people. Actually, it changed the computer industry orienting it towards the consumer market. Today, personal computing is perceived as a set of devices – from smartphones to videogame consoles – made just to be used. -
CP/M Sullo ZX Editoriale
Periodico di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum N°8 Aprile - Maggio 2005 Copyleft 2004 - 2005 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: Editoriale 6 - Hardware 1 - CP/M sullo ZX "multipurpose" 2 - Forever demo party 7 - Puzzle-game mania I periodi invernali e primaverili ram. Si parlera' come al solito Come annunciato nel numero 3 - Doors Aqua News 7 - Novità sul fronte sono sempre ricchi di novita' sia delle notizie che sono circolate precedente ci sara' anche un Z88Dk 3 - Un Kempston mouse in ambito software, sia in quello in rete recentemente e ci sara' articolo sul demo party per tutti 7 - QL news e Sinclair hardware. Sono gia' disponibili inoltre un articolo, che personal- "Forever" proprio in occasione meetings 3 - Un lettore ci scrive nuovi giochi pronti ad essere mente reputo molto interes- della sesta edizione che si tiene 8 - Il clone del mese: 3 - Abzac News Elwro scaricati di cui e' stato dedicato sante, riguardante una nota in questo periodo con una in- un ampio spazio all'interno di rivista russa il cui scopo, oltre a tervista a Gasman che gia' 3 - Officine Oniriche 8 - Vignetta, ringraziamenti, sul questo stesso numero. Si par- quello di informare gli utenti conoscerete. Non mi resta altro 4 - Pentagon 1024 e Kay prossimo numero 2005 lera' poi dei nuovi cloni, sempre sulle ultime novita', è favorire lo che augurarvi una buona lettura! potentissimi, per poter apprez- sviluppo di software acquis- 4 - AI Tic Tac Toe zare meglio i giochi che richie- tando programmi e organiz- S.G. 5 - Nuovi giochi dono maggiori quantitativi di zando competizioni.